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ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation An Underground/Underwater City Plan Proposal RHAPSODY | Live | Work | Learn | Play | Name: Phua Jing Sern ID Number: 0314572 Course: Foundation in Natural and Built Environment Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University 1

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Page 1: ENBE PROJECT 2 REPORT

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation

An Underground/Underwater City Plan Proposal

RHAPSODY| Live | Work | Learn | Play |

Name: Phua Jing Sern

ID Number:0314572

Course:Foundation in Natural and Built Environment

Intake:April 2013

Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University1

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Content

Introduction 3

A City 4-6

Investigation & Data Collection: The Ancient city 7-8

Investigation & Data Collection: The present cities 9-14

Investigation & Data Collection: The future cities 15-19

Dunwall: The Doomed City 20

Rhapsody: A Second Chance 21-27

The Process and Progress The Conclusion 28-32

References list 33-34

Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University2

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Introduction

For our final Element of Natural and Built Environment (ENBE) assignment, we

students were told that we are the mayor of a dying city and we are instructed to

propose a new and improved city plan that enhances the way the people live and

create a sustainable living environment for the future. Students can enhance the

current city, or have a choice to choose a whole new setting such as Underground,

Underwater, Floating on water, above the clouds, or a combination of any two

environments.

So for our task, we have to conduct vigorous research through online and books

references regarding on urban city planning and design and create a proposal of a

sustainable city environment. This assignment gives students the exposure of what

being an urban planner feels like, connecting the dots for the people to live.

Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University3

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A City

Definition

City (pronunciation: /ˈsɪti/): A center of population, commerce, and culture; a town of

significant size and importance.

A city is a place of business, connectivity, living, learning, an All-in-One package of

self-sustainability for the future generation to come that includes basic transportation

services; food, water and electrical supply; education opportunities and so much

more.

Brief History

Some of the earliest cities date back to 7500BC, through years of research and

development; planners develop connectivity system, such as the grid planning system

found back at 2600BC( Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa). With population rising, London

was the first to have exceeded a population of 1 million, a milestone in city

development during the Middle Ages. But it was only during the Industrial Age that

massive population and urbanization starting to rise, where transportation; proper

sewage managements and basic electrical, water and food supplies are provided

within reaches, just like how present city system works right now.

Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University4

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What Makes a City

A basic city consists of basic services provided to the people, such as:

Efficient electrical, water and food supplies.

Proper infrastructure such as highways, lighting and sewage managements.

Organized city zoning that distinguish the city and its environments

Basic public transportation such as busses and taxis.

Stunning monuments and vista that creates an identity of the city.

What Makes a GOOD City

But what makes a good city is a SUSTAINABLE city; a balance of social, economic and

the environment that surrounds it, ensuring stability of development for younger

generations to come, such as:

Using renewable energy solutions as power sources.

Homes and services are energy efficient.

Providing wide range of business and education opportunities.

Health, safety and security are accessible to all.

Areas of open space are safe, accessible and enjoyable.

Connectivity and communication planning that stronger the bonds of neighborhoods.

Great public places where people can congregate.

Promote walkability by providing large footpaths along its roads.

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Low-carbon urban transportation to decrease pollution.

Public transportations are safe and efficient.

Waste are recycled and turned to resources.

What is a Future City

It’s hard to make a statement of what is a future city and what makes it futuristic as everyone

has their own minds and opinions. As for me, a future city consists of everything mentioned

previously above (What Makes a Good City). I’ve learnt that future cities don’t really need to

have flying cars swooping around the skyscrapers, or everything is designed all white, shiny

and curvy. Everything goes back to square one, a future city IS a sustainable city, and the

changes have already begun.

Copenhagen, Denmark aims a goal to be the world’s first carbon neutral capital by 2025, with

currently more than a third of the city’s 1.2 million people regularly cycle to work. Besides

that, Vancouver, Canada, consistently achieves worldwide “livable city” status, aims of

becoming the greenest city in the world by 2020 by running the city with renewable energies

such as hydroelectric power (Currently runs 90% of its supply), wind, solar, and wave power.

Last but not least, San Francisco, U.S., recently ranked as number one green city in North

America, recycles 77% of its waste, reserves nearly 20% of its land to green spaces, and has

more than 497 LEED-certified green building projects.

Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University6

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Investigation & Data Collection:Ancient Cities

Derinkuyu Underground City

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Approximately built during the 8th-7th centuries B.C and located at Nevşehir Province, Turkey

in the Derinkuyu district, the Derinkuyu Underground City is considered as one of the

deepest underground city ever found today with an approximate depth of 85m.

The underground city is built

mainly to escape during the

attacks above ground due to

religious conflicts. With the

accommodation capacity of an

approximately 20,000 people, it

also holds a school complete

with study rooms, storage

rooms, refectories, churches, wineries and so much more. One of its interesting features is its

15,000 ventilation ducts with depth reaching as deep as 55m; provide fresh air and ventilation

deep within the underground city.

After reading through articles regarding about the history of Derinkuyu Underground City, it

proves that us humans will go beyond measure just for protection purposes, so far where they

created their own underground city through simple tools of digging.

One of the key elements I would like to extract from Derinkuyu Underground City is the uses

of large ventilation shafts to provide air ventilation underground, because it is one of the

biggest problems faced when proposing an underground city.

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Investigation & Data Collection:Present Cities

Portland, Oregon

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With the total city area of 375.78km2 of land and water, Portland, Oregon is a well-developed

city that has a well-organized management of economy; transportation; law and government;

culture and contemporary life; education and so much more. But what intrigued me to

research more about Portland is mainly its iconic variation of grid pattern designs.

Portland is well known for its well-

planned urban design with its variety

patterns of grid design. But everything

started out with basic squares back at the

1800s. Portland has a brief history of

renaming its streets over and over again

due to confusion complained by its people.

But as time goes by and the city develops outwards, different grid patterns emerges due to

planning experimentation and topography conditioning reasons, the patterns varies from basic

squares, to diagonals, to organic patterns, all developed within Portland’s land. (Samples at

page 11-12)

It’s interesting to see a time-lapse of a city developing its road system to suits the

convenience of its people, especially Portland’s grid system. And it is not limited to Portland

itself, these patterns can be also seen in different cities such as Barcelona. From this research,

It shows me the different kinds of grid patterns and its uses, it will defiantly aid me in

designing the city plan proposal.

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Map of Barcelona

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1) Symmetrical Diagonals; Ornamental 4) Organic-like Modified Rectangular

2) Original Squares 5) Squares with Simple Diagonal

3) Curve Modified Large Rectangular

Investigation & Data Collection:Present Cities

Paris, France

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A place of love; the birthplace of the iconic Eiffel tower; and of course, Croissant! Paris is the

capital and most populous city of France, consisting land area of 105.4km2 and population of

12 million inhabitants at the metropolitan area. Paris has a long history in terms of Gothic

architecture such as the Notre Dame, but the main focus is the Place Charles de Gaulle center

and the major connected avenues.

As part of Baron Haussmann’s

grand urban planning redesign of

Paris, The Place Charles de Gaulle

(historically known as the Place de

l'Étoile) is a large road junction

where 12 straight avenues meet at

a single point, with the Arc de

Triomphe constructed at the center

of Place Charles de Gaulle that plays part as an iconic public space. The Place Charles de

Gaulle also plays a role of dividing the major road of Avenue des Champs-Élysées and

Avenue de la Grande-Armée.

From the short but informative research above, I believe the small center of Place Charles de

Gaulle created helps the people in identifying their location, and this is what I would extract

and place the similar design at my proposed city plan.

Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University15

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Investigation & Data Collection:Future Cities

Copenhagen, Denmark

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From my perspective, I consider Copenhagen, a capital of Denmark, a promising future

city example because it has the criteria of being one. With urban population of 1.2

million and total land area of 77.20km2, the main focus of the potential future city is

how the people travel, by cycling.

Cycling became a

norm in Copenhagen

back in the 20th

century where the

city’s first bicycle path

was established in

1892. Back then,

there’s only 2500 bicycle running around the city, but the numbers quickly increased

after 17 years later with 80,000 cyclists every day. The tradition sticks on till this day

where approximately 450,000 people still uses cycling as their main transportation every

day.

Copenhagen is well-known as being the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world. The

city offers free public bicycles and also with an extensive and well-designed system of

cycle tracks. Every day, approximately 36% of all citizens of Copenhagen cycle to work,

school and university, covering 1.2 million kilometers daily.

As mentioned previously, Copenhagen aims a goal to be the world’s first carbon neutral

capital by 2025, an adventurous goal and criteria of a great future city. And as for my

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city plan proposal, promoting bicycle as a main means of transportation is a healthier,

environmentally friendlier and cheaper alternative of transportation.

Investigation & Data Collection:Future Cities

Singapore

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Water supply and sanitation was a problem for the densely populated island of

Singapore. With total land area of 710km2 and population of 5.3 million citizens,

Singapore goes beyond to provide the very basic, but challenging element for the people,

which is the efficiency supply of water.

The reason why Singapore is listed under the

Potential Future City examples section is due to its

capability to supply enough water for its people

even with limited land availability. After the failed

water negotiation with Malaysia during 2002,

Singapore turns towards water self-sufficiency and

sustainability.

Methods taken such as Local Catchment Water,

where rainwater is collected through drains, canals, rivers etc. and later treated for

drinking water supply; Desalinated of seawater where Singapore is one of Asia’s largest

seawater reverse-osmosis plant, which produces 30 million gallons of water a day; And

last but not least, the iconic NEWater method of water sustainability, where used water

and urine is purified using advanced membrane technologies and ultra-violet disinfection

to ensure ultra-clean water which are safe to drink.

Though Singapore still uses imported water from Malaysia until 2061 agreement,

Singapore is still classified as a potential to be a fine future city example in my book

because of its initiative to overcome water supply obstacles and maintaining as a

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sustainable city. A creditable research and information which can be used in my

proposed city’s water management system.

Inspiring Underground City Illustrations.

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DunwallThe Doomed City

It was the year 2013; the city of Dunwall and its people were living well with rich

natural resources surrounded the city reaches. Located just beside the South China Sea,

Dunwall is one of a major cargo port in the country. Besides that, the city is also famous

for its wide agriculture resources as well, providing its people with sufficient organic

food supplies. With population of 200,000 consisting various races of Chinese, Malays

and Indians, the people lived with together with harmony and prosperity.

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But everything changed when scientists confirmed and reported that Dunwall city

prosperous days are numbered. Due to the rising tension of global warming, the effects

have finally reached to a level where it will cause massive destruction to cities globally.

As for Dunwall’s fate, the scorching heat wave causes the rising sea level that will

eventually sink the city with 100m of seawater in the coming 20 years, which will result

an avoidable massive destruction to land and property, or is it?

After the Mayor received the devastating news, he proposed a massive salvation project

for its people, a project which will transform the views of its people, and a project that

not only continues the prosperity of Dunwall, but to bring in more opportunities as well.

“If it sinks above, we go under!” said the Mayor before presenting his proposal to his

people. The Mayor has proposed to transform Dunwall into and

Underground/Underwater city, where then it won’t be called Dunwall anymore, but a

new name called “Rhapsody”.

RhapsodyA Second Chance

The massive redesign of Rhapsody city plan was proposed to overcome and extract the

benefits of the rising seawater caused by global warming, while simultaneously retaining

the humane experience for the citizens. The reasons why the Mayor decided to go

Underground/Underwater concept is simple: Firstly is to shelter his people from the

gushing seawater, scorching heat wave and deadly ultraviolet rays caused by the

thinning of ozone layer and global warming; next is to extract seawater which can

provide sufficient water supply to the city. It’s a Win-Win situation.

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The Mayor also extracted some of the key elements of sustainability from reputable

countries as well. Such as Singapore’s iconic desalination of seawater to supply the

countries water needs; Portland’s example of connectivity and systematic grid planning

and design; and last but not least, the bike-friendly transportation and minimum carbon

footprint of Copenhagen.

Moreover, the city planning now adopts a new concept called “Live. Work. Learn. Play.”

the all-in-one package city planning design, suitable for longevity and sustainability

within the city walls itself. It promotes walkability and efficient public transportation

that enables the people to reach their destination within minutes of traveling time.

The Zoning of the city

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Above Ground Level

The Communication center is specially placed above ground, so that satellites can receive

stronger connection compared to underground. The Port enables trades to occur in and out of

the city, maintaining the economy incomes and the people needs. Furthermore, Security

zoning is placed at corners to keep watches of intruders, and even if they managed to breach

in, tight security checkpoints surrounds the Tube highway to Rhapsody, controlling who goes

in and out of city. Finally is the Research and Development building, where new research and

technology is being tested to enhance the living experiences underground.

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Main Ground Level

The main city level of Rhapsody, one of its key features is the huge public spaces located at

the Stadium up north, and the iconic ‘Grand Field’ just south of the Tube Highway. With the

large open space, citizens can gather together to attend announcements or concerts,

celebrating wild festivals or bazaars, or maybe just going solo and enjoy the scenery.

With the concept of “Live. Work. Learn. Play.” It can be seen that that the residential area is

always in walking distance to work, schools and parks, that’s due to the plan is designed to

promote walkability instead of using traditional cars.

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Business areas are placed at the heart of Rhapsody, which is also a walking distance from

residential areas. It maximizes connectivity and fast trading transitions can be made since it is

located closest to the tube highway, where cargos are loaded and unloaded.

Besides that, public services area are also existed around the residential areas such as Police

and Firefighters stations and hospitals, to ensure quick respond and rescue when needed.

Recreational parks dominate the city plan, consisting almost 50% of the plan. This is to

ensure greenery sufficient for the public to enjoy, and to enhance the beauty of landscape of

Rhapsody.

For the safety of the children, Education areas are placed right in the middle of the Rhapsody,

which is located between the residential areas and north of the Tube Highway. This is to

ensure maximum minimization the walking distance of students to their schools. The stadium

located right above the education areas serves as a secondary field for students to play as

well.

Lastly, Government buildings are placed at south of the city plan. They are also the tallest

among all the other buildings constructed in Rhapsody.

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Lower Ground 1

The lower Ground 1 level is considered as the Agriculture level. Without any sunlight, this

level is lighted almost entirely with ‘Grow Light’ lighting technology, where it enables plant

to perform photosynthesis without the use of sunlight. Agriculture and livestock section are

divided into two for easier management, and both ends consists of factories that produces the

end products for the public as food supplies. Citizens can travel down to the commercial area

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around the Tube Highway to buy organic food from local farmers, fresh and healthy. With

this, it ensures that Rhapsody is capable of providing sufficient food supply for the citizens.

Lower ground 2

The Industrial section is located at the lowest level of Rhapsody; this section is what keeps

the city running smoothly. With renewable geothermal solution acting as the primary source

of energy for Rhapsody; Water desalination of seawater that plays the main role of providing

clean water supply to the public; and finally the waste management section, where all waste

are carefully dispose in the most non-polluted way possible.

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Conclusion of Rhapsody

I believe that the Underground X Underwater city proposal of Rhapsody provides good

sustainability for the people in the coming years to come as sustainability is the key to a

future city development.

Rhapsody uses renewable energy solutions that can be used with finite years; Maximizing on

minimizing carbon footprint as the city plan was designed to have huge walkability

opportunities for the people to travel; and last but not least, the beautiful greenery landscape

providing to the public to enjoy.

A city that consists heavily on tall buildings with white, curvy designs; or everything is made

out of aluminum or metal, doesn’t consider one as a future city in my book, if it can’t provide

sustainability for itself. Although Rhapsody is not one of the most appealing cities, but I think

that Rhapsody has a potential to be an iconic, eco-friendly cities in the future.

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The Process & Progress

Perspective of the Main Ground City Level

Cross-Section of the Entire City

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Cross Section view of the Tube Highway

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LRT Transportation routes

Close Up of the Main Area

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Close up of the LRT service

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Close up of the Education Area

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Conclusion

After weeks of vigorous research regarding urban planning and design, I can honestly say

that it is extremely challenging to be an urban planner, but the wide exposure was definitely a

commendable experience overall.

Through all the researches about the cities above, I’ve learnt that a good urban planner

always place the people and their priority first. It is crucial to acknowledge the people needs

and what will the people need in the future. Secondly the surrounding green environment is

also a factor to concern when planning a city. Our earth is at the peaking point where

pollution is a major problem. Cities all around world have already taken initiative on

reducing the carbon footprint, such as using alternative means of transportation and

renewable energy solutions.

As the same saying goes “A future city is a sustainable city.” If we can achieve sustainability,

we are already living the future life.

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Reference Links

1) The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company

2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City

3) George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003

4) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_plan

5) http://www.usa.siemens.com/sustainable-cities/

6) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/sustainability/

sustainable_living_rev1.shtml

7) http://www.ecomagination.com/top-five-most-sustainable-cities-in-the-world

8) http://www.goreme.com/derinkuyu-underground-city.php

9) http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/adventure/news-worlds-beneath-worlds-

derinkuyu-underground-city

10) http://www.slideshare.net/jamesfurlo/underground-city-of-derinkuyu

11) http://landscapeandurbanism.blogspot.com/2009/11/portland-grid-revisited.html

12) http://www.portlandmercury.com/portland/off-the-grid/Content?oid=8271672

13) http://djcoregon.com/dailyblog/2011/10/27/the-great-renumbering-how-portland-got-

its-grid/

14) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_Charles_de_Gaulle

15) http://www.virgin-vacations.com/11-most-bike-friendly-cities.aspx

16) http://www.treehugger.com/slideshows/cars/best-of-green-cars-transportation-1/

page/12/

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17) http://subsite.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/

LivingInCopenhagen/CityAndTraffic/~/media/

4ADB52810C484064B5085F2A900CB8FB.ashx

18) Janssen, Jan E. (2012). "Cyklerne kom til København".Stræderne i København

19) http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest_data.html#12

20) http://www.pub.gov.sg/water/Pages/singaporewaterstory.aspx

21) http://www.asiaisgreen.com/2008/11/03/photos-of-marina-barrage/

22) http://www.water-treatment.com.cn/plants/list/Singapore.htm

23) http://www.askipedia.com/how-many-underground-cities-are-there-and-where-are-

they-located/underground_city/

24) http://www.wallpaperup.com/58912/

future_underground_science_fiction_balloons_cities.html

25) http://blog.enqoo.com/blog/2012/10/11/30-fresh-adobe-photoshop-tutorials/

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