Chemistry in Engines

Nathan Carson

What is an engine ?An Engine is any machine that converts

power into motion.

-Converts energy uses the energy to-Create Mechanical Motion

What Components Make up an Engine???

• Components are different for every different type of engine but some of the most common components are:

- The spark Plug

- The Valves

- The Piston

- Piston Rings

- Connecting rods

- The CrankShaft

- The Sump

• The Spark Plug – Supplies the Spark that ignites the fuel/air so the combustion can occur

• The Valves – Let in air at the correct time to let our exhaust

• The Piston – is a cylindrical piece of metal the moves inside the cylinder

• The Piston rings – provide a sliding seal between the outer and inter parts of the piston

The connecting rod – connects the piston to the Crankshaft

The Crankshaft – turns the pistons in their motion

( it works similar – Jack in the Box)The Sump – Surrounds the Crankshaft and

contains oil

Combustion Engines AND HOW THEY Work…

Also known as a heat engines, combustion engines are driven by the heat of the combustion process

What is a Combustion?

A Combustion is…

a sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant.

The reactants of a Combustion reaction always yields:

H20, CO2 and Energy

Three Types of Combustion Engines

1. Internal Combustion Engine

2. External Combustion Engine

3. Air-Breathing Combustion Engine

Internal Combustion EnginesAn internal combustion engine is an engine in which the

combustion of a fuel (usually a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) Oxygen (H20)-High temperature and high pressure gases, which are produced by the combustion, directly applies force to components of the engine.

-pistons or turbine blades or a nozzle

The Four “Strokes”

• Intake stroke - Air and vaporised fuel are drawn in.

• Compression stroke - Fuel vapor and air are compressed and ignited.

• Power stroke - Fuel combusts and piston is pushed downwards.

• Exhaust stroke - Exhaust is driven out.

• Intake stroke (fuel enters)• Compression stroke • Power stroke (fuel ignites) • Exhaust stroke

Where do we see Internal Combustion Engines in our World?

The majority of all engines are actually Internal Combustion engines even though many other engines are being introduced and used now-a-days.

- Seen in all of our cars- Most of everything else

External Combustion EnginesAn external combustion engine is a heat engine where

an (internal) working fluid is heated by combustion in an external source

-heat exchanger-engine wall

It is sometimes considered a more efficient version of an Internal Combustion energy

One example is the…

Stirling Combustion EngineA Stirling engine is a heat engine operating by

compression and expansion of air or other gas -encloses a fixed quantity of permanently gaseous fluid

such as air.

Air-Breathing Combustion Engines

-Air-breathing engines are combustion engines that use the oxygen (H20) in atmospheric air to burn the fuel carried.

Typical air-breathing engines include:Reciprocating EnginesSteam EnginesGas TurbinesPulse Detonation EnginesTurbo-propeller Engines

Non-Combustive Heat Engines-Some engines convert heat from noncombustive

processes into mechanical work, for example a nuclear power plant uses the heat from the nuclear reaction to produce steam and drive a steam engine, or a gas turbine in a rocket engine may be driven by decomposing hydrogen peroxide

Non-Combustive Heat engines are built in a similar form as Combustive Heat engines even though they work in a totally different way.

Engines’ effect on our world

There are Good and Bad Effects on our World

Positive Effects- The use of engines makes transportation

almost simple for those that can afford it

- Many everyday items and objects we use on a regular basis are actually run on engines.

Negative Effects

Engines typically have a negative effect on the environment

Some things that engines do to ruin the environment are:

- Pollutes air and lowers air quality- Negatively affects ambient sound levels.- The Poisonous Exhaust

The Exhaust of an EngineExhaust from a engine consists of many gases

including:N, Water Vapor, C02, H, O, Carbon Monoxide, and many other

compound and carbons.The Carbon Monoxide (CO) exhaust from the engine is a very

poisonous and toxic gas.The CO can harm both Humans and other things in Nature.- If a running engine that releases Carbon Monoxide is in an enclosed

area and is not shut off, It may contaminate the room possibly killing anything in the room

- This horrible cause of death that contaminates the lungs has been a leading cause for suicide and has killed many other people by accident

A video on the assembling and parts creation of an Engine

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsDoT2oVQUQ&feature=related