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“Demand and Offer Related Digital “Demand and Offer Related Digital Divides: The Piedmont Experience Divides: The Piedmont ExperienceEUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY FORUM Divides: The Piedmont Experience Divides: The Piedmont Experience EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY FORUM 23 rd – 25 th October 2008 AMAROUSSION - Hellas Dr. Enrico Ferro Dr. Enrico Ferro

Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

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Page 1: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

“Demand and Offer Related Digital “Demand and Offer Related Digital Divides: The Piedmont ExperienceDivides: The Piedmont Experience””

EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY FORUM

Divides: The Piedmont ExperienceDivides: The Piedmont Experience

EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY FORUM 23rd – 25th October 2008AMAROUSSION - Hellas

Dr. Enrico FerroDr. Enrico Ferro

Page 2: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

Why Caring about Digital Divide?Why Caring about Digital Divide?

• Importance of eInclusion has been widely recognized (pillar• Importance of eInclusion has been widely recognized (pillarof i2010 strategy)

N t j t tt f i l lit b t bl f t t i• Not just a matter of social equality, but a problem of strategicimportance in the global race for competitiveness

Th F i d i h b k “ ld i fl ” h• Thomas Friedman in the book “world is flat” argues theincreased importance of individuals as key the economicagents

• “The world did not expect the second wave of Internetinnovation to be led by consumers rather than companiesy p(myspace, youtube, 2L, facebook, etc..)” interview toCYSCO’s CEO.

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Page 3: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

Types of Digital DividesTypes of Digital Divides

DIGITAL DIVIDE TAXONOMY

OFF

ER

1. Lack of e-Government service provisioning in small municipalities 2. Availability of broadband networks

id li

1. Availability of PCs and Internet connections in schools and public places 2. Diffusion of WAI compliant websites

ND

outside metropolitan areas

1. Gap associated to age, gender, d ti d i

1. Lower penetration of PC and Fast Internet

ti i l t lit

GeographicDivides

DE

MA

N education and income 2. Gap associated to enterprise size, sector of activity and type of management

connections in rural vs. metropolitan areas 2. Less training and lower ICT usage in small Public Administrations

INTRA-MUNICIPAL (Social Classes)

INTER-MUNICIPAL (Geographic Areas)

Page 4: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

Th Pi d t CThe Piedmont Case

• Background information:– 1206 Municipalitiesp– 90% of which below 5000

inhabitants– Around 40% of the population

lives in rural areas– As of 2005 30% of

municipalities reached by DSL iservices

Page 5: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

The WI-PIE ProgrammeThe WI-PIE Programme

R l i d b h EU C i i b i i• Recently recognized by the EU Commission as a best practice in Europe through a “fast track” INTERREG capitalization project named: B3 Regions.

• ACTION LINES:

– Understand and keep under control the phenomenon through a regular monitoring and study activity (Observatory)monitoring and study activity (Observatory)

– Promote the experimentation of Alternative Technological Solutions:

• Satellite + HyperLAN + WiFi / Satellite + Copper wire / WiMAXSate te ype N W / Sate te Coppe w e / W

– Favor the development of broadband enabled services (break chicken and egg problem - BB better sold in bundles)

– Creation of distributed GigaPops to be used as test beds for the creation of interactive multimedia services

– Provide fast access to schools and universities

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Page 6: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

Guiding CriteriaGuiding Criteria

• Selectivity: technological and economical model efficiency;y;

• No overlapping on market action and interventions t bilitsupportability;

• Coherence with national and international Co e e ce w t at o a a d te at o ainitiative

T h l i l li d O A• Technological neutrality and Open Access

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Page 7: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

DSL Infrastructure EvolutionDSL Infrastructure Evolution

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

0.0%

10.0%

gen-

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r-99

lug-

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t-99

gen-

00ap

r-00

lug-

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t-00

gen-

01ap

r-01

lug-

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t-01

gen-

02ap

r-02

lug-

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t-02

gen-

03ap

r-03

lug-

03ot

t-03

gen-

04ap

r-04

lug-

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t-04

gen-

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r-05

lug-

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gen-

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r-06

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% municipalities reached % population reachedLAUNCH OF WI-PIE

PROGRAMMEAGREEMENT SIGNED WITH

TELECOM ITALIA

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Page 8: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

Agreement with Telecom ItaliaAgreement with Telecom Italia

• Incumbent operator (TI) has agreed to cover 1029 municipalities out of 1206

– Focus infrastructure related actions on a limited number of municipalities 177number of municipalities 177

– Government may hence concentrate on stimulating demand

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Page 9: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

Digital Divide DynamicsDigital Divide Dynamics

B d B d N B d N iN ti

50%80%

100%Broad Band Narrow Band Nessuna connessioneNo connection

13%

55% 59% 54% 53% 53% 50%

60%

26%37%

39% 37% 37%26% 21%

13%

20%

40%

5% 4% 9%21% 26%

0%2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

• Broadband penetration has increased among I/net users

8• No “technology push” effect on excluded people

Page 10: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

Digital Divide Dynamics (II)Digital Divide Dynamics (II)

2003 2005 2006 2007

70%

80%

90%2003 2005 2006 2007

HO

UT

ion

40%

50%

60%

olds

WIT

Het

Con

nect

10%

20%

30%

of H

ouse

han

Inte

rne

0%

n. familiare=1 n. familiare=2 e reddito ≤2000

n. familiare=2 e reddito >2000

n. familiare>2% o a

2 peopleIncome >2000€

More than 2 people

1 person 2 peopleIncome <2000€

• Very limited opt-in dynamics within clusters over time

HOUSEHOLD TYPES IDENTIFIED

• Very limited opt-in dynamics within clusters over time • High resistance to change

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Page 11: Eurocitie E Inclusion Demand And Offer Digital Divides

Open issuesOpen issues…

• Are i2010 objectives realistic?• May a multiplatform approach help to find a

solution?• Should we start talking about the concept of digital

h i ?choice?• How should public policies evolve to face changing

i ? F h ld b d d iissues? Focus should be on demand since:– Its reduces market perturbations – It is the only real technology neutral actionIt is the only real technology neutral action– It fosters the creation of complementary services– Life long learning prevents the birth of second order

dividesdivides10