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Europe’s Europe’s Environmental Environmental Concerns Concerns EQ: How have European countries EQ: How have European countries changed the natural environment of changed the natural environment of Europe? Europe?

Europes Environmental Concerns Ab

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Page 1: Europes Environmental Concerns Ab

Europe’s Environmental Europe’s Environmental ConcernsConcerns

EQ: How have European countries changed the EQ: How have European countries changed the natural environment of Europe?natural environment of Europe?

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GermanyGermany

Acid RainAcid Rain

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GermanyGermany

• Air Pollution:– 43 million cars and coal burning industries

contribute to air pollution (leads to acid rain)

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What is Acid Rain?What is Acid Rain?

• Acid rain is a result of air pollution. When any type of fuel is burnt, lots of different chemicals are produced and released into the air and mix with water in the clouds.

• The rain from these clouds then falls as very weak acid - which is why it is known as "acid rain“.

• It’s not acidic enough to burn your skin, but it’s very harmful for the environment.

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Acid Rain’s Effect on the Acid Rain’s Effect on the Environment:Environment:

• Acid rain can effect trees in several different ways, it may:– • dissolve and wash away the nutrients and

minerals in the soil which helps the trees to grow.

– • cause the release of harmful substances such as aluminum into the soil.

– • wear away the waxy protective coating of leaves

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Acid Rain in GermanyAcid Rain in Germany

• Acid rain has destroyed nearly ¼ of the Black Forest!

• This has harmed Germany’s economy because one of its major natural resources is timber.

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GermanyGermany

• Solution:– Government is working to meet standards set

up by the European Union to clean and dispose of waste properly

– Also setting up nature preservation lines (national parks)

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United KingdomUnited Kingdom

Air PollutionAir Pollution

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Air Pollution in the United Air Pollution in the United KingdomKingdom

• In UK, nearly 30 million vehicles are contributing to the pollution of the air.

• Gas fumes contain carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, soot, oil vapor and lead - all potentially dangerous to human health.– “London Fog” combines with these fumes to

form "smog" which causes lung problems

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United Kingdom’s Solution to Air United Kingdom’s Solution to Air PollutionPollution

• Since the 1950s, smog levels have gone down in the UK, but there are still sometimes unacceptably high levels of pollution that can harm human health and the environment.

• They have achieved cleaner air through regulating industries and tightening emissions standards for cars.

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UK’s Solution ContinuedUK’s Solution Continued

• They are working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions– Passing laws for better cars and factories

• Big on recycling– 25% of household wastes are recycled; goal

is to increase to 35% by 2015

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UkraineUkraine

Chernobyl Nuclear DisasterChernobyl Nuclear Disaster

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UkraineUkraine

Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

• In 1986, the USSR generated 10% of the world’s nuclear power.

• Chernobyl exploded on April 26, 1986

• 200,000 people evacuated to decrease exposure to radiation

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What went wrong?What went wrong?

April 25th, 1:00 amThe reactor was scheduled to shut down for maintenance. While preparing for the

shutdown, the operators wanted to perform a test to see how long the turbines could run the emergency cooling system if power is interrupted by an accident.

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April 25April 25thth, 1:05 pm, 1:05 pm

With the reactor "slowing" down in preparation for the shutdown, the power in Reactor No. 4 drops to about 1600 mega watts. The operators make a simple but fatal error by setting the regulator improperly.

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April 26April 26thth, 12:28 am, 12:28 am

The power crashes down to only 30 mega watts. The reactor is becoming hard to control.

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April 26, 1:23amApril 26, 1:23am

• Thirty-six seconds after the test had begun, the shift supervisor attempts to drop all control rods back into the reactor realizing the power was rising beyond its limits. In four and a half seconds, the power level inside the reactor rises 120 times the reactor's capacity.

• The first explosion broke the pressure tubes, releasing steam which blew the containment lid off the reactor.

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April 26, 1:24amApril 26, 1:24am

The second explosion was the reactor fuel and graphite inside the core exploding, sending chunks of graphite and other radioactive elements flying. It destroyed the building, and caused more than 30 roof fires.

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What did it look like?What did it look like?

Before After

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How did the country react?How did the country react?

• The morning after the explosion, there was no hint of a disaster.

• After 36 hours of be exposed to radiation, people were told to pack their clothing and evacuate their homes.

• There as was a 30 kilometer or 18 mile evacuation.

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What was the effect on other What was the effect on other countries?countries?

• Nearly nine tons of radioactive material - 90 times as much as the Hiroshima bomb - were hurled into the sky.

• Winds over the following days, mostly blowing north and west, carried fallout into Belarus, as well as Russia, Poland & other countries around the world.

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What about the What about the environment?environment?

• At the nuclear power station itself, several attempts were made to clear away and contain chunks of graphite and other radioactive solids.

• They sent in volunteers.• The volunteers were only

allowed to be in the power station for 90 seconds or less.

• The radiation levels were 15,000 times greater than a normal person's exposure in a year.

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What about the What about the environment?environment?

• Any movable objects near the plant were buried; cars, trucks, and even topsoil.

• Some 60,000 buildings had to be washed with special chemicals, and even some roofs had to be replaced.

• A special solution was sprayed throughout the danger zone on streets and walkways to prevent radioactive dust from blowing and further contaminating the area.

• Nearby trees that had absorbed the radiation were all cut down and buried in concrete pits.

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Is it still working?Is it still working?

• Chernobyl continued to produce electricity for another 14 years, until international pressure forced its closure in 2000.

• An official exclusion zone around the plant remains in place, extending for 30 kilometers (18 miles). It is one of the most radioactive spots on Earth.

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Ukraine Ukraine

• Agricultural Problems:– Millions of acres of farmland have been

poisoned• Causes food shortages; hurts economy

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UkraineUkraine

• Air Pollution:– Cancer has increased because of radiation– Deforestation because of acid rain