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Highlights key events in exploration history from 1000 AD to the present and moves on to cover the advent of extreme sports
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Famous Firsts:
Explorers to Extreme Sportsman
Outdoor Culture and Technology
The Walker School
Leif Eriksson
Born c. 970 – Died c. 1020
Icelandic explorer and the
first European thought to
have landed in North
America in Newfoundland in
1000 A.D.
Martin Behaim
Born on October 6th,
1459 - Died July 29th,
1507.
Created the first globe
(or model of the Earth)
in 1492.
He was living at Fayal in
the Azores.
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Born 1475 - Died
January 15th, 1519.
Credited with being the
first European to lead an
expedition known to
have seen or reached
the Pacific from the
New World in 1513.
Ferdinand Magellan
Born in Spring 1480 – Died
April 27th, 1521.
This was the first known
successful attempt to
circumnavigate the Earth.
Charles Marie de la Condamine
Born Jan. 28th, 1701 - Died
Feb. 4th, 1774
He was a French
mathematician, physicist,
explorer, and geographer.
Set out to measure the
earth at the equator.
Significantly explored and
mapped the Amazon in
1735.
Daniel Boone
Born October or November
22nd 1734 – September
26th, 1820th.
Credited as an American
pioneer and hunter.
Discovered much of
Kentucky and other land
west of the 13 colonies.
1775 Boone blazed the
Wilderness Road through
the Cumberland Gap and
into Kentucky
Captain James Cook
October 27, 1728 -February 14, 1779
Cook was the first ship's captain to stop the disease scurvy (now known to be caused by a lack of vitamin C) among sailors by providing them with fresh fruits.
First European to land on New Zealand and Hawaii
Dr. / Sir Gilbert Blane
Born August 29th, 1749 – Died
June 26th,1834
Blane did much to improve the
health of sailors by heeding
their diet and enforcing due
sanitary precautions. Largely
due to his advocacy, the entire
navy in 1795 made the use of
lime juice obligatory to prevent
scurvy.
Matthew Flinders
Born16 March1774 –
Died19 July 1814
Famous for
circumnavigating
Australia
He circumnavigated
between December
1801 and June 1803
Sacajawea
Born c. 1787 – Died
December 20, 1812
Guided Lewis and Clark
to the Pacific
United States
1804 and 1806
Alexander von Humboldt
1769-1859
Credited with
developing the first
isotherm map,
containing lines of equal
average temperatures, in
early 1800’s
John Franklin
Born April 15, 1786 and died
June 11, 1847.
Made trips to the Arctic.
Credited with proving the
existence of a northwest
passage from the Atlantic
ocean to the Pacific ocean.
His first Arctic expedition
was in 1819.
David Livingston
Born19 March 1813 –
Died1 May 1873
Credited with
discovering Victoria Falls
and mapped out much
of Africa
In Central Africa
Discovered it in 1855
John Wesley Powell
Born March 24, 1834 –
Died September
23rd,1892
First to explore
Colorado River and
Green rivers in Utah
and Arizona in 1869.
James Holman
Born October 15th, 1786
– Died July 29th, 1857
Credited with having
traveled over 250,000
miles and the most
countries of any other
man.
He was also blind.
Louis-Sébastien Lenormand
Born May 25, 1757 – Died
December 1837
A French physicist,
inventor and pioneer in
parachuting
In 1783, Louis-Sébastien
Lenormand made the first
parachute jump from the
tower of the Montpellier
observatory.
Matthew Flinders
Born March 16th, 1774 –
Died July 19th, 1814.
Credited with identifying
and correcting the effect
of iron components and
equipment on board
wooden ships upon
compass readings.
Mary Kingsley
Born October 13,th 1862 -
Died June 3rd, 1900.
Her first trip to Africa was in
1893.
The first European Women
to enter remote parts of
Gabon.
She greatly influenced
European ideas about Africa
and its people.
Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Born January 28th, 1841
– Died May 10, 1904
First to complete
traversal of Africa
Ronald Amundsen
Born July 16, 1872 –Died June 1928
First person to successfully navigate the fabled Northwest passage (1905)
First person to reach the South Pole (1911)
First person to fly over the North Pole
Robert Edwin Peary
Born May 6th, 1856 –
Died February 20th, 1920
Credited with the
European discovery
Credited with discovering
Cape Jesup at the north
tip of Greenland, the
northernmost land on
earth.
Geoffrey Winthrop Young
Born 1876 – Died1958
Known climber.
Credited with starting the
extreme sport of urban
climbing by climbing on
roofs for sport in 1890.
Frederick Albert Cook
Born on June 10th, 1865 –
Died on August 5, 1940
Dr. Cook was a founding
member of two New
York-based clubs: the
Arctic Club (1894-1913)
and The Explorers Club
(1904-present)
Charles Lindbergh
Born February 4, 1902 -
Died August 26, 1974
Flew the first nonstop
flight from New York to
Paris. On May 20, 1927.
Benton MacKaye
Born March 6th,1879 -
Died December 11th,
1975
First passionate and
persistent advocate and
visionary of the
Appalachian Trail
Earl V. Shaffer
First to hike the AT from
end to end in 1948.
Sir Edmund Percival Hillary
Born July 20th 1919 –
Died January 11th, 2008
First man to summit
Everest in Nepal on the
29th of May1953.
Jacques Piccard
Born July 28, 1922
Explorer and Engineer
who studied ocean
currents.
First to reach the ocean
floor in the Deep
Challenger on January
23, 1960.
Yuri Gagrin
Born on March 9, 1934 -
Died on March 27, 1968.
First man in space, and he
became the first human to
orbit the earth on April 12,
1961 .
He was a Russian astronaut
Neil Armstrong
Born on born August 5th,
1930.
He is the first person to
have set foot on the
Moon in 1969.
Sir Ranulph Fiennes
Born March 7, 1944.
In 1982 Fiennes led the first polar circumnavigation of the Earth.
He and a friend also made the first unsupported walk across the continent of Antarctica, each man dragging a 500-pound sledge. The 97 day trip is the longest polar journey in history.
Patrick de Gayardon
Born January 23rd, 1960 –
Died April 13th,1998
He was one of the first
persons to develop the
unique style of sky surfing
in the late 1980s.
Philippe Jeantot
Achieved recognition as a
sailor for long-distance,
single-handed racing and
record-setting.
He founded the Vendée
Globe, a single-handed,
round-the-world, non-stop
yacht race.
Reinhold Messner
Born September 17,
1944.
First person to climb all
fourteen eight-thousand
foot peaks.
Laird Hamilton
Born on March 2, 1964.
Credited with starting
tow-in surfing in 1992 at
the North Shore in
Hawaii with friends
Darrick Doerner and
Buzzy Kerbox.
Jason Lee
Developed the Mountain Board
and the sport of Mountain
Boarding in 1993.
Sue Hendrickson
Born December 2, 1949.
She is still alive.
Found the largest T Rex
fossil. This was found in
South Dakota in 1990.
Kit DesLauriers
Born January 25, 1965.
First person to successfully
ski all seven summits (the
highest peak on each of the
seven continents).
She also becomes the first
American and first woman
to ski from the Everest
summit.