Fat is made up of a

glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

connected with

bonds. This is why

they are called “triglycerides.” A

glycerol molecule is

composed of

CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2

(OH).

Triglycerides are broken

down into one monoglyceride (1

glycerol molecule

and 1 fatty acid)

and 2 fatty acids alone. The human

body is able to

absorb these easily

in the small intestine.

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Protein makeup is simpler than fat. It is

basically broken down into many

amino acids that are essential for

living. The amino acids are sequenced

in an order that is unique to the

protein.

Proteins are broken down beginning in the stomach. The stomach’s gastric juices (hydrochloric acid and pepsin) break down protein into its separate amino acids. Then, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the small intestine further break it down into a form that can be absorbed into the body.

AMINO ACIDS

There are many, many amino acids

Humans don’t need all of them

They only need twenty

Of those twenty, 12 of them can be

manufactured by the body

The other 8 cannot and must be

obtained by eating

These are called essential amino acids

Amino acids are not stored in the body

They must be obtained daily so that we

can live because the extras aren’t stored

for later use

This is a diagram of

long sequence of

amino acids (129)

that make up the

protein lysozyme.

http://terra.dadeschools.net/books/Biology/BiologyExploringLife04/0-13-115075-8/text/chapter5/concept5.4.html

These are made of long chains of simple sugars bonded together. Complex carbohydrates are known as polysaccharides. A simple sugar is known as a monosaccharide.

Glucose is the most common monosaccharide.

Cellulose is the most common polysaccharide made of many glucose molecules.

Carbohydrates are broken down first into simple sugars beginning in the mouth. Enzymes in the stomach and small intestine also help with this project. Afterwards, the simple sugars are broken down into energy able to be used by the body. The speed at which this happens is called the GlycemicIndex.

This is a diagram of a complex carbohydrate made from the monosaccharide glucose each pentagon shape represents one of the glucose molecules held together with bonds.http://211.174.114.20/hint.asp?md=204&no=11629