ASeminar on

Green Computing

PRESENTED BY:

NIKUNJ AGRAWALFinal Year (computer Science And Engineering)

Under the guidance of :

Prof. V.S.Gulhane

INDEXWhat is Green Computing? Green Computing...Why?Approaches to Green Computing How to Implement? Future of Green Computing GREEN IT For BusinessVirtualisation Industrial implementations of

Green ComputingConclusion References

What is Green Computing?

"The study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment."

Green Computing – Why?

Growing public environmental awareness

Increasing impacts on environmental and human health

Corporate social responsibility(Cont.)

Approaches to Green Computing •Virtualization •Power Management •Power supply •Storage •Video Card •Display•IT Equipment Recycling•Remote Conferencing & Telecommuting Strategies•Product longevity(contd.)

Approaches to Green Computing

(contd.)• Algorithmic efficiency• Resource allocation• Terminal servers• Operating system support

How to Implement?•Audit your data centre and remove unused equipment and software.

•Virtualise applications, storage

and servers in the data centre

wherever appropriate.•Consider consolidating data

centres.

•Introduce videoconferencing or

telepresence facilities.

•Power-sucking displays can be

replaced with green light displays made

of OLEDs, or organic light-emitting

diodes.

•Use of toxic materials like lead can be

replaced by silver and copper.

•Making recycling of computer with an option of reuse or resale.

•Buy and use a low power desktop or a

laptop computer (40-90 watts) rather a

higher power desktop (e.g. 300 watts).

•Thin clients can use only 4 to 8 watts of

power at the desktop as the processing is

done by a server.

•For desktops, buy a low power central processing unit (CPU). This reduces both power consumption and cooling requirements.

•Buy hardware from manufacturers that

have a hardware recycling scheme, and

recycle your old computer equipment

rather than sending it to landfill.

•Turn your computer and monitor off when you are not using it.Enable hibernation.•Avoid an unnecessary operating system version upgrade which requires a hardware upgrade.

•Replace your CRT screen with an LCD

screen.

•Keep your PC for at least 5 years.This

reduces energy consumption by 40%

CPU uses 120 WattsCPU uses 120 Watts

CRT uses 150 WattsCRT uses 150 Watts -8 hours of usage, 5 days a week = 562 KWatts-8 hours of usage, 5 days a week = 562 KWatts

• if the computer is left on all the time without if the computer is left on all the time without proper power saver modes, this can lead to proper power saver modes, this can lead to 1,600 KWatts1,600 KWatts

-for a large institution, say a university of 40,000 -for a large institution, say a university of 40,000 students and faculty, the power bill for just students and faculty, the power bill for just computers can come to $2 million / year computers can come to $2 million / year

Energy use comes fromEnergy use comes from -electrical current to run the CPU, motherboard, -electrical current to run the CPU, motherboard, memory memory -running the fan and spinning the disk(s) -running the fan and spinning the disk(s) -monitor (CRTs consume more power than any other -monitor (CRTs consume more power than any other computer component) computer component) -printers-printers

Energy Use of PCs

E-waste Impacts in China

Photos Courtesy of Basel Action Network

FUTURE OF GREEN COMPUTING:

The plan towards green IT should include new electronic products and services with optimum efficiency and all possible options towards energy savings.

GREEN IT FOR BUSINESS:

Rising energy prices, together with

government-imposed levies on carbon

production, are increasingly impacting on the

cost of doing business, making many current

business practices economically unsustainable.

It is becoming progressively more important for

all businesses to act in an environmentally

responsible manner, both to fulfill their legal

and moral obligations, but also to enhance the

brand and to improve corporate image.

Data Centers:

Data centres consume a lot of electricity. Many

server computers run at less than 30 per cent

capacity and, although more effective than the

average desktop machine, this isn’t using them to

their fullest potential. If you can double the amount

of work each processor does, you can halve the

number of devices in use and cut the overall

environmental impact. A common way to achieve

this is with virtualisation software .

Power to run a small data center

A practical exampleA practical exampleOne server might use 400 WOne server might use 400 W

In 24 hours it would use 9.6 kWhIn 24 hours it would use 9.6 kWh

$.10/kWh = $1/day (approx)$.10/kWh = $1/day (approx)

500 servers = $500 per day500 servers = $500 per day

+$500 for cooling = $30K/month!+$500 for cooling = $30K/month!

Benefits of saving energyBenefits of saving energy•Saving energy is GREEN

Saving energy is cost efficientSaving energy is cost efficient

Virtualisation

• Virtualization: Duplicating hardware with Virtualization: Duplicating hardware with softwaresoftware

• Important in Cloud ComputingImportant in Cloud Computing

Virtualization

Realizing a piece of hardware such as a web Realizing a piece of hardware such as a web server or file server in software rather than server or file server in software rather than hardwarehardwareWriting a program that does the same exact Writing a program that does the same exact thing as a piece of hardwarething as a piece of hardwareSavingsSavingsManufacturingManufacturingServicingServicingDisposalDisposalPowerPower

Types of Virtualization

1.Operating System1.Operating SystemEX: Running Linux inside of VMwareEX: Running Linux inside of VMwareEX: Running Windows on a MacEX: Running Windows on a MacEX: Running VM images in a cloudEX: Running VM images in a cloud2.Application Server (Load Balancing)2.Application Server (Load Balancing)Dividing a high volume of requests to different serversDividing a high volume of requests to different serversApplicationsApplicationsThin Client concept (Google Apps)Thin Client concept (Google Apps)Seeing a file system but not knowing (or caring) where the Seeing a file system but not knowing (or caring) where the files are physically stored (perhaps in many locations)files are physically stored (perhaps in many locations)

Green Effects of VirtualizationVMware publishes numbers that say between 50-70% VMware publishes numbers that say between 50-70% can be saved from virtualizationcan be saved from virtualizationThe Gartner group says that the energy savings of The Gartner group says that the energy savings of jobs running VMware alone will power all of New jobs running VMware alone will power all of New England! (they give no actual rates or metrics but England! (they give no actual rates or metrics but this is an interesting claim)this is an interesting claim)

Who is doing this?Who is doing this?The USDA used virtualization to reduce/consolidate The USDA used virtualization to reduce/consolidate 255 servers into 22!255 servers into 22!4 Years ago, Los Alamos National Laboratories 4 Years ago, Los Alamos National Laboratories undertook a virtualization project that undertook a virtualization project that decommissioned 100 servers, resulting in the use of decommissioned 100 servers, resulting in the use of only 13. This has resulted in a savings of almost only 13. This has resulted in a savings of almost $1.5 Million dollars$1.5 Million dollars

INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATIONS OF GREEN COMPUTING:

➤ Blackle ➤ Fit-PC ➤ Zonbu computer ➤ Sunray thin client ➤ The Asus Eee PC ➤ Other implementations

Conclusion

The greenest computer will not miraculously fall from the sky one day, it’ll be the product of years of improvements. The features of a green computer of tomorrow would be like: efficiency, manufacturing & materials, recyclability, service model, self-powering, and other trends.

REFERENCES1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_computing

2.www.climatesaverscomputing.org

3.a b c San Murugesan, “Harnessing Green IT: Principles and

Practices,” IEEE IT Professional, January-February 2008, pp 24-

33.

4.‘Green IT For Dummies’-Hewlett Packard Limited Edition

5.”Green IT: Why Mid-Size Companies Are Investing Now”

6.Jones, Ernesta " New Computer Efficiency Requirements". U.S.

EPA.

7.INTELLIGENT COMPUTING CHIP-GREEN COMPUTING

8.Report of the Green Computing Task Group Green Computing and

the Environment

THANK YOU!