Alaa SadikPh.D, Hull, UK

Department of Instructional & Learning Technologies College of Education

www.AlaaSadik.net

Workshop 3Workshop 3 Information & Instructional Information & Instructional TechnologiesTechnologies

.

Centre for Educational TechnologyCentre for Educational Technology

PART ONETypes of Instructional Media

PART TWOMessage Design

Information & Instructional Information & Instructional TechnologiesTechnologies

PART THREEUtilization of Media & Technology

PART FOURApplications 1

PART ONETypes of Instructional Media

Types of Instructional Media

Image, Text and Audio

The HumanEar

Text (words, numbers, signs, symbols, equations, etc.)

The ear consists of three basic parts the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.

Each part of the ear serves a specific purpose in the task of detecting and interpreting sound.

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Image (drawing, graph, photo, map, etc.)

The HumanEar

Line DrawingIllustrated DrawingKroki Sequenced DrawingComparative DrawingCartoonCaricaturesMapsPosters

ChartsFlowchart Hierarchical DrawingGeometrical FiguresScreenshotsPhotographs

Types of Instructional Images

A simple representation of forms or objects by means of lines, curves and indicators to explain idea or show relationship.

Line Drawing

A simple and attractive artwork that helps simplify concept or make an idea or relationship simple and clear.

Illustrated Drawing

A group of pictures in a specified sequence that tell a story or illustrate a phenomena with titles and captions.

Sequenced Drawing

A complex picture aims to explain the similarities and differences between two or more objects.

Comparative Drawing

A map is a simplified depiction of a space or specific region, which highlights relations between objects within that space with navigational aids and appropriate scale.

Maps

A poster is a graphic advertisement aims to post a specific message quickly and simply in a public place.

Posters

A chart is a visual representation of data (using lines, bars, pies…) that displays the relationship among variables, usually cast along x and y axes.

Charts

Flowcharts

A flowchart is a diagram consisting of a set of specified symbols (rectangles, diamonds, circle..) and connecting arrows that shows step-by-step progression through a procedure, process or system.

Geometrical Figures

A two- or three-dimensional drawing illustrates a geometrical concept or relationship using accurate measures.

Screenshots

A screenshot is an image captured by the computer to record the visible items on the monitor or another visual output device.

A visual representation captured using ordinary or special optical or digital camera.

Photographs

Audio (human voice, sound effects, etc.)

The HumanEar

The human ear consists of ...

The New Media Class Hierarchy - Temporal

- Static

- Computational

- Directive

(Waters, 1998)

Temporal (animation)

The HumanEar

LandingThe pilot managed to land the airoplane safely

Temporal (video)

Auditory Physiology Lab.

This figure shows a summary of the maximum efferent mediated adaptation of the DPOAE for 168 intensity combinations of the primary tones in 0.4 dB steps.

Computational (graphs)

Define

Values

Using

Sliders

Directive (sliders)

Multimedia

Transmission that combine different media of communication (text, graphics, audio, animation, video, etc.)

The human ear consists of three parts:

1. The outer ear

2. The middle ear

3. The inner earListen

TheThe HumanHuman EarEar

Multimedia

PART TWOMessage Design

Communication Process - Sender

- Message (to carry the content)

- Medium (to carry the message)

- Receiver

- Domain

Communication Process

Media & Experience

Dale’s Cone of Experience

Dale’s Cone of Experience At the top:

provide more information, compress information, faster for those able to process it, need more instructional support.

At the bottom: involve the learner, encourage active learning, provide less information, more stimuli and richer experience

Dale’s Cone of Experience

PART THREEUtilization of Media & Technology

Writing boards Flipcharts OHP transparencies 35 mm slides Videotapes Models/real objects/samples/shapes … … … Audio-video-conferencing Digital projectors Smart classrooms Computers (software and storage media) The Internet

Media & Technology Used in Higher Education

Writing Boards

e-Boards

Samples, Real Objects & Models

Samples, Real Objects & Models

Projectors

Smart Classrooms

Instructional Software1. Applications

2. Drill-and-Practice

3. Tutorials

4. Simulation

5. Instructional Games

6. Problem-Solving

7. Multimedia

8. Teacher Utilities

ApplicationsA group of applications programs that is designed to automate general-purpose and specific tasks such as word processing, database management, spreadsheet, attendance, accounting, grade reporting, scheduling and others.

Drill and PracticeDrill and practice software provides exercises in which students work example items one at a time and receive feedback on their correctness.

TutorialsA tutorial exposes the learner to material that is believed not to have been previously taught or learned. A tutorial often includes pre-test, post test and drill and practice activities.

SimulationsA simulation is a computerized model of real or imagined system designed to teach how a system works and allows learners to create their own sequence for using simulation.

Problem-SolvingProblem-solving software is a type of content-free or content-based programs that places emphasis on critical thinking, analysis, logic and reasoning via the presentation of set of data or problematic event.

Teacher UtilitiesNon-instructional or administrative programs used to prepare instructional materials or organize, store, evaluate and report information on pupils’ achievement and progress.

MultimediaPrograms that support the interactive use of text, audio, still images, video and graphics and manipulate them to support learning.

Authoring and Support Tools

- For general purposes

FrontPage, MX Flash, etc.

- For instructional purposesToolBook Instructor, Authorware, etc.

Authoring ToolsGneral FrontPage

Authoring ToolsInstructional ToolBook Instructor

Authoring ToolsInstructional ToolBook Instructor

Authoring ToolsInstructional ToolBook Instructor

Authoring ToolsInstructional ToolBook Instructor

Support Tools

- Word processors

- Photo editors

- Drawing tools

- Audio/video editors

- Web browsers

Photo editors PaintShop ProContains all the tools you need for creating, editing, and retouching your images. It is friendly enough for the casual user and professional.

Support Tools

Drawing toolsSmartDrawContains all the tools you need for drawing shapes, instructional graphics, maps and flowcharts and export them in standard formats.

Support Tools

Video editorsPinnacle StudioContain many tools to edit and produce professional video clips.

Support Tools

Multimedia authoring Liquid MediaRich multimedia authoring & presentation software package, capable of stunning effects with fluid motion.

Support Tools

WebCT - Tutor utilities- Course tools- Interaction tools

Delivery and Management Systems

BlackBoard - Content builder- Communication tools- Assessment tool- Student administration

Delivery and Management Systems

PART FOURApplications 1

PowerpointFrontPagePhotoStory