Institutional GIS

Civilization

There has never been a civilization that did not produce and use maps.

Geography

• Unifies practically all environmental variables

• Most compact & consistent way to handle environmental variables

• Helps simplify complicated environmental issues

• “Common ground”

Maps

• “Science of princes”

• Society invests in spatial information gathering

• Maps are powerful• Invite action• Present opportunities

• Romantic

Mercenary Geographers

• Hallowed tradition:Columbus, Magellan, Cook, Burton, even Neil Armstrong

• “You pay, we find”

• We today are not really that different

Obstacles

Social inertia

Institutional inertia

Individual inertia

Can go nowhere fast

Institutional issues

“Yes its a dull story, but one that has to be told”

Overheard at the opening of a dental museum

Institutional inertia

• Based on stable information flows

• Status quo is “nice”

• Information is power

• Institutional political crisis caused by “innocent” technology

Individual inertia

• Information “ownership” equal to organizational position

• Not “my” problem

• Bred by irregular contact with information (managers)

• Less prevalent among technology users,(daily contact with information)

Institutional Planning

• In US is considered “key” to long term success

• Rare here

• Helps organization accept changes introduced by new technology

• Concentrate development

• “Get with the program”

Roles

MentorSponsorAnalystUserOperatorSystem supplierData supplier

System Sponsor

Active responsibility

Political responsibility

Financial responsibility

Something to gain or lose

Also darn hard to find

Mentor

Trusted, neutralRequires some institutional task

accomplishedSees GIS as tool to accomplish

his taskPrevents “hijacking”

GIS Technology

Its no longer a cult

Production &delivery ofGIS info

Symbolicvalue of GIS

Control overGIS

Political Impact of GIS

after The Management of Information Systems

ImplementationImplementationof GIS in of GIS in

OrganizationsOrganizations

Re-distributionof institutionalpower

Institutional issues

Iron Law of Distribution:

Them that has, getsThem that has, gets

Institutional Viewpoints on Implementation

Cost Schedule Performance

Top Management Couldn’tcare less

Budget Couldn’tcare less

Couldn’tcare less

Client

Implementor

Nakorn Ratchasima GIS

Open System Standard technology Extensible system Multi-purpose Multi-user


Open system Important for long-term survival of system Developers can get at most important parts of the system Intranet (HTML, ColdFusion, SQL, JavaScript) Public, published database design GIS programming via VisualBasic/ Avenue /AML


Standard technology Nothing funny or hard to find/maintain Mainly off-the-shelf Standard OS (WindowsNT Thai & Windows95 Thai, its in Thai) Client/Server technology for both GIS & Database management GIS: Arc/Info & ArcView (a leading GIS company with offices in

Thailand) Database: SQL Server (a leading software company with offices in

Thailand) ColdFusion: leading internet/intranet development language (high-

level, 4GL, maintained via the internet) Intranet/SQL/OS tightly integrated Connection to National Registration database Hardware all locally obtained


Extensible system Intranet technology allows easy distribution of data &

applications to all desktops within the municipality Coldfusion & HTML allow further database application

development Stored SQL procedures allow GIS & database applications

to share & standardize code Further develop GIS applications using VisualBasic, Avenue

& MapObjects Live connection to National Registration database Plug & play to internet


Multi-purpose / Multi-user Tax collection City planning Election Environmental issues Education 191/Security Infrastructure Recreation Toursim promotion Almost whatever you need or can imagine


Internet Plug & play upgrade from current system Globally promote Korat Link to hotels, tourist sites: offer on-line, dynamic

tourist information, hotel & tour booking, etc. Conduct business via the internet (eCommerce) Generate dollar income! Ennis, County Claire, Ireland wired whole town to

internet (if we only had the money)


Design Goals Tightly integrate SQL & GIS databases Easy to use Consistent data entry via pulldown menus Automatic calculations rather than data entry Return most queries to user within 20 seconds Capture all transactions for easy roll-back Close-of-business-day for all time consuming

processes (tax estimation, data QC, data integrity checks, etc run late at night, eg after 1:00 am)


Tax Estimation Uses tax rate tables and information provided by

GIS applications Sign tax calcuated at data entry time House & property taxes calculated nightly after

close-of-business-day Tax rate tables (attribute data) updated via intranet Tax zones (spatial data) updated via GIS

application


Costs/Benefits 5.9 million baht total project About 37,000 parcels (159 baht per parcel) About 56,000 houses (105 baht per house) About 187,000 people (31 baht per person) Around 63 baht per asset (house & parcel) Plus indirect (not yet quantified) benefits to other divisions in

Korat City Compared to Ban Bung’s 375 baht per parcel

(about 2.25 million baht for 6,000 parcels. budget does not include hidden costs of data automation, free software, etc)


Concept City staff are already experts at what they do Not make the city’s staff experts in building large, detailed

GIS databases Make the city’s staff experts in using & maintaining large,

detailed GIS databases


Arc/Info

ArcView Intranet

MapObjects

SQL Databse SQL stored procedures

SQL stored proceduresSQL sto

red procedures

Use & Re-Use SQL Stored Procedures