Introduction to Internet of Things (IOT)

Prepared ByS.Sankar

16PHD0247Full Time Research Scholar

SCOPEVIT University

Guided ByDr. P. Srinivasan PhDAssociate Professor

SITEVIT University

AGENDA

• Definition• History• Introduction• Architecture• Protocol• Implementation Tool• Research areas and challenges• Applications

DEFINITION

• Collection of inter-related physical devices connected

over the internet that able to exchange the data from

one device to another devices with less human

involvement

HISTORY OF IOT

• British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton coined the term in 1999 while working at Auto-ID Labs.

• Kevin Ashton “IOT” definition as “ Global network of objects connected to Radio frequency identification.”

INTRODUCTION

• Wireless Sensor Network• Cloud Computing• RFID• RFID connecting to IOT

Wireless Sensor Network:

• A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless

network consisting of spatially distributed

autonomous devices using sensors to monitor

physical or environmental conditions.

Difference between WSN and IOT

Wireless Sensor Network

Internet of Things

Things connected to wireless network and gather some data or monitoring the environment

IOT= WSN+ Internet + Cloud Storage + Mob/ Web Application

Cloud Computing :

Definition:

• Cloud computing means storing and accessing the

data over internet instead of our computer hard drive

RFID:

• RFID is a method of identifying unique object using radio

waves

• RFID system are made up of three components

1. Reader

2. Antennas

3. Tags

Connecting RFID Tags to IOT

Communication Principle

Address Updating

IOT Architecture

Service Oriented Architecture of IOT

1. Sensing Layer: • it is used to gather data from objects2.Network Layer: • it provides the infrastructure to support over wired or

wireless connection among things3.Service Layer:• It is used to create and manage the services required by

user application4. Application Layer:• It provides the interaction methods with user application

IOT Common Standards

• W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)

• IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)

• EPC global

• IEEE (Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers)

• ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards

Institute)

IOT Protocol Standards

Application Layer Protocol:

1. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP):

• It follows the stateless client-server architecture

• It is suitable for tiny devices with low power,

computation and communication capabilities

2. Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT):

• It is suitable to connect embedded devices, network

with application

3. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

• It is suitable for multi-party chatting, voice and video

calling and telecommunity

4. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol(AMQP):

• It is wire level protocol

5. Data Distribution service (DDS):

• It is used for multicasting application

2. Infrastructure Protocols:a. Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy

Networks (RPL):• This protocol is standardized by IETF• This routing protocol supports simple and complex

traffic models like i. Point to pointii. Point to multi pointiii. Multi point to point

b. 6LoWPAN(IPV6 Low power wireless personal area network):

• This standard provides header compression to reduce

the data transmission overhead, forwarding to link-

layer to support multi-hop delivery

3. IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee)

• This protocol was created to specify a sub layer as

Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer

(PHY) for low rate wireless private area networks (LR-

WPAN)

• It provides a reliable communication, operability on

different platforms and a large number of nodes

4. Physical Layer:

a. LTE-A ( Long Term Evolution- Advanced):

• This protocol is suitable for long term durability of

infrastructure especially for smart cities

Implementation Tool

Real Time Implementation:1. Embedded system2. Wireless network and cloud storage3. Decision making and Machine learning4. Web/ Mobile ApplicationSimulation Tool:• Contiki Os – Cooja Simulator

Research Areas and Challenges in IOT

• Availability• Reliability• Mobility• Performance• Management• Scalability• Interoperability• Security and privacy• Video based IOT• Social Internet of things

Applications

• Transportation and logistics domain

• Healthcare domain

• Smart environment (home, office, plant , city)

• Personal and social domain

References

1. Kevin Ashton,”That ‘ internet of things’ Thing”, RFID journal, 2002.

2. Sandra Dominikus and J orn-Marc Schmidt,” �Connecting Passive RFID Tags to the Internet of Things“, WWW.iab.org.

3. RFID Basics white paper4. Luigi Atzori, Antonio Iera, Giacomo Morabito,” The

Internet of Things: A survey”, Computer Networks 54 (2010) 2787–2805.

5. Jayavardhana Gubbi,Rajkumar Buyya,Slaven Marusic,Marimuthu Palaniswami,” Internet of Things (IoT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions”, Future Generation computer system, Volume 29, Issue 7, September 2013, Pages 1645–1660.

6. Shancang Li&Li Da Xu&Shanshan Zhao,” The internet of things: a survey”, Inf Syst Front (2015) 17:243–259.

7. Maria Rita Palattella, Nicola Accettura, Xavier Vilajosana, Thomas Watteyne,” Standardized Protocol Stack for the Internet of (Important) Things”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 15, No. 3, Third Quarter,2013.

8. Ala Al-Fuqaha, Mohsen Guizani, Mehdi Mohammadi, Mohammed Aledhari,”Internet of Things: A Survey on EnablingTechnologies, Protocols, and Applications”, Ieee Communication Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 17, No. 4, Fourth Quarter 2015.

9. G. Marrocco, C. Occhiuzzi, F. Amato, “ Sensor-

oriented passive RFID”, in: Proceedings of TIWDC

2009, Pula, Italy, September 2009.

10. C. Floerkemeier, C. Roduner, M. Lampe, RFID

application development with the Accada middleware

platform, IEEE System Journal 1 (2) (2007) 82–94.