Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1

History of Biometrics ............................................................................................................. 3

2 Background ............................................................................................................................. 4

Advantage & Disadvantage of Biometrics Technology ........................................................ 5

MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd................................................................................................... 6

Comparison of Tradition & Biometrics Systems @ MSC ..................................................... 7

Working Mechanism of Finger Print System ........................................................................ 7

Biometrics Technology Overview ......................................................................................... 7

3 Analysis................................................................................................................................... 8

Based on MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd ................................................................................... 8

Challenges in implementing Biometrics System for MSC .................................................... 8

MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd Benefits of Biometrics Technology ......................................... 8

Comparison with the traditional system ................................................................................ 9

Biometrics Solution Matrix for MSC Pvt Ltd...................................................................... 10

SWOT Analysis on MSC Biometrics Technology .............................................................. 13

PEST Analysis on MSC Biometrics Technology ................................................................ 13

Benefits & Disadvantage of Finger Print System (Based on the MSC Staff Review) ........ 14

4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 15

Future of Biometrics ............................................................................................................ 15

References ................................................................................................................................ 17

Appendix

Figure 1 Overview of Some Biometrics .................................................................................... 1

Figure 2 Basic Criteria for Biometrics Security Systems (Rahultech, 2010) ............................ 2

Figure 3 Timeline of Biometrics (Shepard, 2007) ..................................................................... 3

Figure 4 Types of Biometrics (Manivannan Padma, 2011) ....................................................... 4

Figure 5 MSC Traditional Attendance System .......................................................................... 6

Figure 6 MSC Biometrics Attendance System .......................................................................... 6

Figure 7 Typical Structure of Finger Print System .................................................................... 7

Figure 8 MSC Data Accuracy Graph ......................................................................................... 9

Figure 9 MSC Payroll Process Graph ........................................................................................ 9

Figure 10 Biometrics Solution Matrix Overview .................................................................... 11

Figure 11 MSC Biometrics Solution Matrix Result ................................................................ 12

Figure 12 MSC Finger Print System Benefits ......................................................................... 14

Figure 13 MSC Finger Print System Disadvantages ............................................................... 14

1

Figure 14 Future in Biometrics Market (Cannon & Cambier, 2011) ...................................... 16

Table 1 Advantage & Disadvantage of Biometrics Technology ............................................... 5

Table 2 Comparison of Traditional & Biometrics System ........................................................ 7

Table 3 Biometrics Overview .................................................................................................... 7

Table 4 Biometrics Comparison Table MSC Pvt Ltd ................................................................ 8

Table 5 Biometrics Comparison MSC ....................................................................................... 9

Table 6 Swot Analysis MSC .................................................................................................... 13

Table 7 PEST Analysis MSC ................................................................................................... 13

1

1 Introduction

From the beginning of the human culture, people are always trying to secure their

properties because some people are always eager to snatch others properties. Biometrics is

considered as a basic form of identification and access control in today’s 21 century computer

science (Bio=Pertaining to biology & Metric’s=Science and art of measurement). In other

word, it refers to the identification of human beings by their characteristics (both physical &

behavioural). Today’s modern computer society increasingly depends on the systems to

provide the secure environment & secure services to its people or the users. It became

paramount to ensure the security of a system through means to identify the validity of an

individual’s requesting access to it. This process is normally organized by extracting some

form of the information from the individual to check against information held by the system

about the original users.

Biometrics recognition is a key form of authentication which is increasingly used in a

wide range of application using advanced pattern recognition algorithms applied through

powerful information and communication technologies (ICT). It is also considered as an

automated method to accurately recognize individuals based on distinguishing physiological

and behavioural traits. It is a subset of the broader field of the science of human identification

(ITU, 2009). Technologies used in the biometrics simply include the recognition of the

human finger print, faces, eye lens or irises, voices and keystroke patterns as displayed in

figure 1.

The parts of the human body recognition used even since the dawn of mankind as a

means of interpersonal recognition and authentication. Face recognition has been used for a

long time since the human started using the passport for unique identification, the person

showing the passport and the real owner of the passport is verify by match the face of the

person with the photo in the passport. In 19960 the first automated biometrics recognition

applications came in effects but the companies did not take off due to its high cost, low

accuracy and lack of standards benchmarks for the quality.

(1) Fingerprint

(2) Iris

(3) DNA

(4) Keystroke pattern

Figure 1 Overview of Some Biometrics

2

The further the use of biometrics systems, issue of privacy as well as security will

need to be carefully addressed as the high levels of expectation in accuracy, reliability,

performance, adaptability etc. there are the seven basic criteria for biometrics security such as

uniqueness, universality, permanence, collectability, performance, acceptability and

circumvention (Schuckers, 2001).

Figure 2 Basic Criteria for Biometrics Security Systems (Rahultech, 2010)

Nowadays, biometric techniques are used mainly in security operations. For example,

they are used in prison visitor system, state benefit payment systems, border control, gold and

diamond minds and bank vaults. Clearly these are areas where security is an issue and fraud

is a threat. Recent world events have led to an increased interest in security that will propel

biometrics into mainstream use. Areas of future use include workstation and network access,

Internet transactions, telephone transactions and in travel and tourism (Joseph, 2001).

MindShare Pvt Ltd is a professional graphics, web, multimedia and advertising

company, launched in the year of 2008 at Kathmandu, the hub of developing Nepal, with

innovative visions in the technocratic arena. MSC are leading, next generation Technology

Company with strong business interest in web design, graphics design and advertisement.

Their spectrum of services includes web design, graphics design, internet marketing, print

and online media advertising.

3

MSC vision and mission is an ambulation of their corporate philosophy and motto of

providing the next generation IT services. To envision, design and construct the most

magnificent web/graphics to contribute tangibly in overall success of their clients. Quality,

customer satisfaction, transparency and corporate business responsibility are the pillars of

their vision and mission. At MSC they believe when creativity, technology and marketing

combine through strategic planning incredible results are achievable. With the best interests

of their clients in mind, their actions are always focused on conversions and business growth.

History of Biometrics

Authentication is a fundamental component of human interaction with computers.

Traditional means of authentication, primarily passwords and personal identification numbers

(PINs), have until recently dominated computing, and are likely to remain for years to come.

However, stronger degrees of certainty that a user is who he or she claims to be are becoming

commonplace.

Figure 3 Timeline of Biometrics (Shepard, 2007)

4

2 Background

Biometrics has long being touted as a powerful tool for solving identification and

authentication issues for immigration and customs, and computer security. It involves

measuring one or more unique physiological human characteristics – the shape of the body,

fingerprint, DNA, iris pattern etc. These technologies have enormous promise because they

can never be forgotten, lost or copied unlike the current methods of cards and passwords

verification. The potential market of biometrics technology grow rapidly in the world after

the 9/11attack on (Pentagon) USA by Al Qaeda. Likewise, the several Hollywood/

Bollywood films like (Charlie’s Angels, Total Recall and Mission Istanbul) etc. start using

the concept of biometrics.

Figure 4 Types of Biometrics (Manivannan Padma, 2011)

There are different types of biometrics: Some are ages old; others are new and

employ the latest technology. Technological improvement will surely refine older methods

and lead to the innovation of new ones. The most popular biometric technologies include

fingerprinting, hand geometry, signature verification, voice verification, retinal scanning, iris

scanning and facial recognition:

Fingerprinting: This is the most well-known non-invasive biometric technique. There are

several sub-methods within fingerprinting, with varying degrees of accuracy and precision.

Some can even detect when a live finger is present. This method has been refined over the

years. Training is an issue with this technique (Joseph, 2001).

Hand geometry: This method measures the physical aspects of the hand and fingers. It is

easy to use.

Voice Verification: A number of such products exist, although flaws exist with regards to

local acoustics. This method is still developing and will undoubtedly improve over time.

Signature verification: Widely accepted as a means of identification, which is promising in

its use as a biometric measure

5

Retinal scanning: An accurate method, it does require the subject to look into a device and

focus on a specific location (Joseph, 2001). This will likely limit consumer acceptance. It is

currently considered a marginal biometric technology.

Iris scanning: Less intrusive than retinal scanning, this method is easier to use, and has great

potential as an identification device.

Facial recognition: Unobtrusive detection and verification are the strong points of this

technology.

Based on the above mentioned technologies we can find much more similar

technology working with the basic principal of the biometrics. According to the unfortunate

events of 11th

September,2001, the pattern of iris scanning is the best one to the recognition

process as compare to others because the possibility of having the same iris pattern is 1/1000

million and the population of earth is near 7 million that’s way the probability is at least 1

percentage. No systems can be 100% secure so biometrics can be a very useful for tackling

with the security concerns in 21st century.

Advantage & Disadvantage of Biometrics Technology

Advantage Disadvantage

Unique biological features: Biological

features like fingerprint, iris etc. is very

effective in security. Hence it cannot easily

disguise.

False reading: A “false acceptance” or “false

rejection” kind of technical vulnerability

becomes a greatest disadvantage of

biometrics.

Time saving: Unlike other process biometrics

can identified or rejected a user in a couple of

second

Copying: These system can also scan the

duplicate copy of the original hence can be

controlled by others.

Reduce fraud: It cannot be shared reflects

complete security

Expensive: Only large business companies

can afford these system hence is not

economically friendly.

Accountability: An individual is responsible

to any event in the system and it cannot be

forged by others.

Unreliable: Technology like voice & iris

recognition can be failure in case of sickness

like eye problems, throat problems etc.

Table 1 Advantage & Disadvantage of Biometrics Technology

6

MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd

Figure 5 MSC Traditional Attendance System

Figure 6 MSC Biometrics Attendance System

7

Comparison of Tradition & Biometrics Systems @ MSC

Traditional Paper Based System

Advantages Disadvantage

MSC don’t have to worry about crashing

MSC systems.

MSC have to worry about too may paper and

staff to compile everything.

Biometrics Finger Print System

Advantage Disadvantage

It helps MSC for payrolls, employees

attendance

System might crash if not handle properly

Table 2 Comparison of Traditional & Biometrics System

Working Mechanism of Finger Print System

Figure 7 Typical Structure of Finger Print System

Biometrics Technology Overview

Uses of Biometrics (Main) Error of Biometrics Factors Affecting Biometrics

Technology

Medical/Forensic False Positive (Innocent people

are wrongly identified)

Skin Putty/Laser Eye

Surgery

Business/Educational False Negative

(Criminals/Terrorist evade

detection)

Mirrored Sunglasses/Poor

Lighting

Security Failure to Enrol (unable to read

the characteristic of persons for

various reasons)

Air & Weather Conditions

Table 3 Biometrics Overview

8

3 Analysis

Based on MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd

Deploying biometrics to any organization requires a solid understanding of the

fundamentals of the technology, including why it is deployed, how it works, and how

performance and accuracy are measured. While leading biometrics with MSC Pvt Ltd the

following benefits are measured in the time interval of 3 years. MSC implemented the finger

print system within the organization to track down the staff evolvement in the organization.

Before implementing the finger print system the organization is based on the traditional

papers works to hold the record of the staff’s behaviour.

Finger Print System (Biometrics System in MSC)

Features:

1. Record Staff Attendance

2. Prepare Report

Cost: Rs 40,000

Challenges in implementing Biometrics System for MSC First, MSC Pvt Ltd needs the database of the staff including the basic parameters like

staff ID, name, classification and address. Then they need to collect the finger print of each of

the staff and store them. They need a platform to store them, and then the attendance of the

staff like IN o OUT may contain thousands of records each day should store in the centralized

repository. They also need an application to read and process the biometrics data to prepare

the report.

MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd Benefits of Biometrics Technology

MSC Traditional Approach (Paper

Works)

MSC Modern Approach (Biometrics

System)

Poor Security Security Increased

Poor Accountability Accountability Increased

Low Convenience Convenience Increased

Table 4 Biometrics Comparison Table MSC Pvt Ltd

Using Biometrics technology MSC increased the three basic factors for the

organizational development. The increased awareness of the security issue in the company

has grown more pronounced. Using biometrics finger print to secure the computers provides

a high ratio of certainty as what staff accessed what computer at what time. This will directly

contribute the company to track the record of each staff and remark their performance.

Hence, the efficiency of the company increased. Likewise, traditional methods of

authentication like passwords is more likely to forgettable but the biometrics authentication

system remains stable with this condition. For any security reasons the newly implemented

system stay stronger because biometrics authentication process cannot be copied by others

staff or outsider so that the tracking process help in case of the fraud detection process.

9

Comparison with the traditional system During comparison phase in MSC, I compare the data provide by the company to that

of the data with the biometrics finger print system in terms of process effectiveness in

preparing the payroll. With the traditional system, it is more difficult to prepare the payroll at

the end of every month because the papers based traditional system requires more time and

effort. The exiting process doesn’t handle the fraud detection approach. But the biometrics

system simplifies the process and the accuracy of the data sectors is improved.

Process Effectiveness (For Payroll)

Traditional System (Paper Works) Biometrics Finger Print

System

Data Accuracy Low High

Payroll Process Slow Fast (Automated)

Fraud Detection Hard to measure Easy to track Table 5 Biometrics Comparison MSC

Figure 8 MSC Data Accuracy Graph

Figure 9 MSC Payroll Process Graph

10

From the above, information I conclude that MSC biometrics technology is scalable, cost

effective, efficient and easily manageable system.

1. Scalability: MSC can add any new staffs to the system without doing much

modification to the system.

2. Cost Effective: The cost is another important factor for the company because

calculating the payroll directly includes the time and effort of another staff in the

traditional approach but in biometrics system it is managed by the system itself

though the system implementation is costly.

3. Efficient: Staffs can view their attendance and the status of their leave. So, MSC can

generate the monthly payroll in ease. Also the staff efficiency in the work is strongly

increased.

Biometrics Solution Matrix for MSC Pvt Ltd The biometrics solution matrix is a guide to deploying biometrics for specific

applications, designed to help deployer’s assess the nature of their specific authentication

problems. This solution defines the five matrixes such as urgency, scope, exclusivity,

effectiveness and receptiveness (Nanavati , Thieme, & Nanavati, 2002). (See Figure Below):

11

Figure 10 Biometrics Solution Matrix Overview

12

Figure 11 MSC Biometrics Solution Matrix Result

As shown in the figure (Generated accordingly with the help of the interview with Mr Mohan

Krishna Maharjan, Managing Director MSC Pvt Ltd) solution matrix, finger print biometrics

technology is a moderate solution for the physical access /time and attendance within the

company. The limiting factors are described below & they are calculating between (1 to 10

marks):

1. Scope (8/10): The strongest positive factors for finger print system growth are the

very broad range of potential use of the technology. The use of biometrics to control

movement into areas or to track the attendance is not niche market-there are

potentially countless applications for biometrics technology. Not only are the

potential locations for this solution innumerable, but the number of staffs who would

be enrolled in such systems is also very high.

13

2. Receptiveness (7/10): These are almost invariably aimed at staffs, who are

moderately receptive to the introduction of the technology. Generally speaking this

system will view as time & attendance solution which increased the accountability but

receptiveness will decreased if solutions do not operate as easily and reliably as the

existing authentication methods.

3. Exclusivity (5/10): Biometrics Finger print system might be only solution to an

authentication problems or one of many potential solutions. They are stronger

solutions in applications in which they are the only viable alternative to an

authentication problem.

4. Urgency (6/10): An authentication problem may be deemed urgent as the result of

substantial risk to valuable data, assets, revenues or company safety. Less urgent

problems may direct less risk to these elements biometrics deployment become more

important to a company where the authentication problem they must solve urgent.

5. Effectiveness (6/10): When the biometrics system deployed correctly can solve the

problems through the verification and identification or through simple deterrence but

the situation in which neither of these approaches is effective.

SWOT Analysis on MSC Biometrics Technology

SWOT Analysis of MSC Biometrics Finger Print System

Strength

Very Secure

Uniqueness

Ease of capture

Weakness

Latent prints, cuts and dirt can mar

image

Subject to spoofing attempts

Opportunities

Law enforcement of company

database

Threats

Data Accuracy

Validity of machine accuracy Table 6 Swot Analysis MSC

PEST Analysis on MSC Biometrics Technology

PEST Analysis of MSC Biometrics Finger Print System

Political

Bureaucracy Influence

Legal issues & regulations

Philosophy or Ideology of political

party & the government in power

(Security Standard in Nepal)

Economic

Business Confidence

Insurance Claims

Impact of taxation

Technology

Ability to provide flexible and robust

solution

Enforcing the new technology

Data Transmission

Internet based marketing

Social

Society Attitude to privacy &

protection (Fear To Use)

Environmental impact of security

products

Ageing population Table 7 PEST Analysis MSC

14

Benefits & Disadvantage of Finger Print System (Based on the MSC Staff

Review)

Figure 12 MSC Finger Print System Benefits

Figure 13 MSC Finger Print System Disadvantages

15

4 Conclusion

In conclusion, biometrics technology is a new technology for most of us because it

has only been implemented in public for the short period of time. There we can find much

more application working in the fields of biometrics technology which has many advantages

that can improve human lives such as improved security and effectiveness, reduced fraud and

password administrator costs, ease of use and makes live more comfortable. Though having

huge number of problems like information privacy, physical privacy and religious objectives

etc. but incorporate some meaningful advantages to the mankind (Nanavati , Thieme, &

Nanavati, 2002).

Although at present biometrics has limited mainstream usage, biometrics has found a

home in popular culture, specifically the movies. Movies have used biometrics in sci-fi or

adventure films, including such movies as Total Recall and Charlie’s Angels. Examples of

biometrics in movies include forged identities through high tech facemasks, voice disguise,

forged hands or fingerprints, even false retinal images through the use of contact lenses.

Whether the movies are prophetic in depicting how easily biometrics can be circumnavigated

remains to be seen. Without question, as with all security measures, there will always be

those who seek to evade detection.

Future of Biometrics

Criminal Identification (Today’s Trends Finger Print Search in the local, nation &

international databases) is the use of biometrics technology to identify the identity of the

suspect, detainee, or individuals in a law enforcement application. The primary role is to

identify the individuals in order to conduct the law enforcement (Nanavati , Thieme, &

Nanavati, 2002).

Growth in the criminal identification market will be driven by the advent of

inexpensive, functional solution that expands biometrics capabilities into new jurisdictions

and environment. Price is a major factor in criminal identification systems, since the live-scan

acquisition cost millions of dollars.

The advent of automated DNA solutions could have a tremendous impact on the

criminal identification market. Databases with criminal DNA sample were already being

populated and searched in USA. Not only is the population of these databases a basic

precondition for high scale searching based on DNA samples, but the efforts are under way to

streamline and automate the matching process.

Citizen Identification will be driven by various a situation in which strong

authentication of citizen is a necessity. Many countries like Nepal lack of verifying citizens.

The use of biometrics to provide government services because it provides benefits to both

government and the citizens is accepted to be the biometrics revenue growth. Citizen

Identification capable of carrying information such as Voters Registration, Issuance Cards,

and emergency medical information will also drive the use of biometrics citizen

identification.

16

Surveillance is the use of biometrics to identify the identity of individuals present in

the given space at the point of time. Today’s trends biometrics surveillance system in mainly

functional in the casinos, traffic police sectors & as well as organization sectors like

education, banks, hotels etc. through the automated surveillance cameras. The two factors

may inhibit the surveillance system i.e. performance & privacy. Facial technology of

biometrics is not idealized for the use in the surveillance system application. The angle,

distance, lighting and temporal change introduced between initial image captured and

subsequent identification attempts reduce the accuracy. The following figures clarify the

glorious future of biometrics technology.

Figure 14 Future in Biometrics Market (Cannon & Cambier, 2011)

17

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