Linked Data Usecases

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

Linked Data Usecases

Dr. Myungjin Lee

2 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology

Agenda

• Introduction of the Linked Data

• Linked Data for Cross-Domain

• Linked Geographic Data

• Linked Government Data

• Linked Media Data

• Linked Data for User Generated Con-

tent

• Linked Publication Data

• Linked Life Science Data


Introduction ofthe Linked Data


What is Linked Data?

• a method of publishing structured data so that data can be interlinked and become more useful

• based on standard Web technologies such as HTTP, RDF and URIs.

• to share information in a way that can be read au-tomatically by computers.


Stack and Requirements for Linked Data

an elemental syntaxfor content structurewithin documents

a simple languagefor expressing data models,

which refer to objects ("resources")and their relationships

a vocabulary for describingproperties and classes

of RDF-based resources

a protocol and query languagefor semantic web data sources

a string of characters used to identify a name or a resource


Four Principles of Linked Data

1. Use URIs to identify things.

2. Use HTTP URIs so that these things can be referred to and looked up ("dereferenced") by people and user agents.

3. Provide useful information about the thing when its URI is dereferenced, using standard formats such as RDF/XML.

4. Include links to other, related URIs in the exposed data to improve discovery of other related information on the Web.


5 Star Linked Data

★ Available on the web (whatever format) but with an open licence, to be Open Data

★★ Available as machine-readable structured data (e.g. excel instead of image scan of a table)

★★★ as (2) plus non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of excel)

★★★★ All the above plus, Use open standards from W3C (RDF and SPARQL) to identify things, so that people can point at your stuff

★★★★★ All the above, plus: Link your data to other people’s data to provide context

http://www.cafepress.com/w3c_shop


The Linking Open Data cloud dia-gram


Media

User Generated Content

Publications

Government

Geographic

Cross-Domain

Life Sciences

Domain Number of datasets Triples (Out-)Links

Media 25 18,4185,2061 5044,0705

Geographic 31 61,4553,2484 3581,2328

Government 49 133,1500,9400 1934,3519

Publications 87 29,5072,0693 1,3992,5218

Cross-domain 41 41,8463,5715 6318,3065

Life Sciences 41 30,3633,6004 1,9184,4090

User-generated Content 20 1,3412,7413 344,9143

Total 295 316,3421,3770 5,0399,8829


Linked Data forCross-Domain


DBPedia

• a project aiming to extract structured content from the information created as part of the Wikipedia project

• as of September 2011, more than 3.64 million things, more than 6.5 million interlinks, and over 1 billion pieces of information (RDF triples)



The DBpedia Information Extraction Framework

• Source– an abstraction over a source of Media Wiki pages

• WikiParser– a parser which transforms an Media Wiki page source into an Abstract Syn-

tax Tree (AST)

• Extractor– a mapping from a page node to a graph of statements about it

• Destination– an abstraction over a destination of RDF statements


Freebase

• a large collaborative knowledge base consisting of metadata composed mainly by its community members

• as of May 2012, approximately 22 million topics

"Freebase is the bridge between the bottom up vision of Web 2.0 collective

intelligence and the more structured world of the semantic web."

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=mNifT2hhQYwveM&tbnid=ZfUYLduqZKLD0M:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.freebase.com%2Fwiki%2FFreebase_Labs&ei=9f6GUYnpPM3klAWBroBY&psig=AFQjCNFHcHxNt2b-XR_x7XdlO3PIt_jDCw&ust=1367887990037202

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=yvKZPJQs5jIg0M&tbnid=KAprTkC0jcKPMM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fgigaom.com%2F2012%2F01%2F13%2Ftim-oreilly-why-im-fighting-sopa%2F&ei=j_-GUe-yM8nIkAXB5IDICQ&psig=AFQjCNETxVEZhxYZI9ogL-EJQLnl51qA-A&ust=1367888143881880



OpenCyc

• Cyc– an artificial intelligence project that attempts to assemble a

comprehensive ontology and knowledge base of everyday common sense knowledge

• OpenCyc– mainly taxonomic assertions, not the complex rules avail-

able in Cyc– 239,000 concepts, 2,093,000 facts, and 69,000 owl:sameAs links to external (non-Cyc) semantic data

– the RDF-compatible content extracted from OpenCyc us-ing the open source Texai


Linked Geographic Data


GeoNames

• a geographical database available and accessible through various web services, under a Creative Commons attribution license

• over 10,000,000 geographical names correspond-ing to over 7,500,000 unique features

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bi4wxGLCaWZUTM&tbnid=K9ZVKeZNqkMz8M:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofbritain.org.uk%2Fplace%2Fplace_links.jsp%3Fp_id%3D533&ei=XguHUbqICcyrlQXJr4GoBw&psig=AFQjCNH5BVHFrxhOGCZvw-0HJYs9pAgLdw&ust=1367891166197458



LinkedGeoData

• an effort to add a spatial dimension to the Web of Data / Semantic Web collected by the OpenStreetMap project according to the Linked Data principles

Dataset #Triples

Ontology 8K

RelevantNodes 66Mio

RelevantWays 65Mio

RelevantWayNodes 74Mio

RelevantNodePositions 60Mio

DBpedia Interlinks 101K

GeoNames Interlinks 487K

http://linkedgeodata.org/



etc.

• Linked Sensor Data– an RDF dataset containing expressive descriptions of ~20,000 weather sta-

tions in the United States

• U.S. Census– Basic geographic data for the U.S., the states, counties, cities, ZCTAs, and

congressional districts.– 1,016,219 triples in N3 format

<http://www.rdfabout.com/rdf/usgov/geo/us/sc/counties/hampton_county> rdf:type usgovt:County ;

usgovt:fipsCountyCode "049" ;usgovt:fipsStateCountyCode "45:049" ;dc:title "Hampton County" ;dcterms:isPartOf <http://www.rdfabout.com/rdf/usgov/geo/us/sc> ;geo:lat 32.796299 ;geo:long -81.131622 ;census:population 21386 ;census:households 8582 ;census:landArea "1449823309 m^2" ;census:waterArea "7369890 m^2" ;census:details

<http://www.rdfabout.com/rdf/usgov/geo/us/sc/counties/hampton_county/censustables> .<http://www.rdfabout.com/rdf/usgov/geo/us/sc>

dcterms:hasPart<http://www.rdfabout.com/rdf/usgov/geo/us/sc/counties/hampton_county> .


Linked Government Data


Open Government Data

• By “open”, “open” data is free for anyone to use, re-use and re-distribute.

• By “government data” we mean data and informa-tion produced or commis-sioned by government or government controlled entities.

Open

GovData

OpenData

OpenGov

DataGov

OpenGovData


United States

• Data.gov– "The purpose of Data.gov is to increase public access to high value, ma-

chine readable datasets generated by the Executive Branch of the Federal Government.“

– "a repository for all the information the government collects"– over 250,000 datasets

• Data-gov Wiki– a project investigating open government datasets using semantic web

technologies– to translate datasets into RDF, to get them linked to the linked data cloud,

and to develop interesting applications on linked government data– Dataset Statistics

• 417 RDFlized datasets and 6.46 billion RDF triples• 35 Non-Data.gov Datasets and 0.9 billion more RDF triples

http://logd.tw.rpi.edu/



United Kingdom

• Data.gov.uk – a UK Government project to make available non-personal

UK government data as open data– over 9,000 datasets– the use of Linked Data standards for flexible and easy re-

use– Dataset

• Environment, Finance, Legislation, Location, Reference, Statistics, Transport, etc.



All around the world

Country Official? Rating Datasets

Sweden N ★★ few

New Zealand Y ★★ many

Ireland Y ★★★ few

Canada Y ★★★ many

United States Y ★★★★ many

Spain N ★★★★★ few

United Kingdom Y ★★★★★ many

Korea ? ? ?


Korea

• 공공데이터포털– 국가가 보유하고 있는 다양한 공공정보를 국민에 개방하여

이를 편리하고 손쉽게 활용할 수 있도록 지원– 1,717 datasets and 242 Open APIs– http://www.data.go.kr

• 공공 DB 피디아– 24 Datasets and 50,184 Resources– http://lod.data.go.kr


<rdf:RDF xmlns:ns1="http://lod.data.go.kr/sample/schema#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:ns0="http://lod.data.go.kr/schema/dataset#" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://lod.data.go.kr/sample/data/DS-0501"> <ns0:sampleResource rdf:resource="http://lod.data.go.kr/sample/data/DS-0501/SportFacility/SD10209PUEF"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://lod.data.go.kr/sample/data/DS-0501/SportFacility/SD10209PUEF"> <ns0:prefLabel> 자전거체험장 </ns0:prefLabel> <ns0:nodeLabel> 자전거체험장 </ns0:nodeLabel> <ns1:phone>02-2204-7634</ns1:phone> <ns1:name> 자전거체험장 </ns1:name> <ns1:manageOrg> 성동구도시관리공단 </ns1:manageOrg> <ns1:description> 남녀노소 모두 편하게 이용할 수 있는 자전거체험장 </ns1:description> <ns1:address> 서울특별시 성동구 마장동 802-2 마장 2 교 ~ 사근램프 사이 </ns1:address> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://lod.data.go.kr/sample/schema#SportFacility"/> </rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>


Seoul, Korea

• 서울 열린 데이터 광장– 서울시의 공공정보를 민간에 공개하고 소통함으로써 공익성 , 업무효율성 ,

투명성을 높이고 시민의 자발적 참여로 새로운 서비스와 공공의 가치를 창출– http://data.seoul.go.kr

• 서울 열린 데이터 광장 Linked Data Beta 서비스– 행정동 기준 행정구역 및 문화시설과 문화재 13,600 여종– http://lod.seoul.go.kr

http://data.seoul.go.kr/index.jsp



KDATA (Linked Data for Korea)

• W3C 의 시맨틱 웹 표준 기술로 Linked Data 를 구현한 공개 기반 데이터

• http://kdata.kr• http://www.li-st.com

http://kdata.kr/index.jsp

http://kdata.kr/index.jsp


Domain Triples

국가코드 3,899

엔터테인먼트 44,278

행정구역 2,969

초중고등학교 126,469

교육청 1,130

대학교 2,833

사회적 기업 5,539

서울시 개방 화장실 47,340

야구선수 및 팀 228,872

지하철역 4,450

역사 5,392

행정데이터표준용어 109,101

한옥마을 1,155

공공 WiFi 설치정보 1,671

KDATA 분류용어 808

전통시장 4,535

국립공원 10,605

문화재 80,156

공공체육시설 49,799

생물분류 3,256

문화시설 9,418

공원정보 및 프로그램 2,429

가격안정모범업소 16,212

가격안정모범업소 상품목록 14,300

공공시설물 인증제품 6,931

제설함 위치정보 39,218

야생동식물정보 115,099

야생동식물 출현정보 139,608

합계 1,077,472



LinkedMedia Data


MusicBrainz

• MusicBrainz– a project that aims to create an open content music data-

base– information about 750,000 artists, 1 million releases, and

12 million recordings

• LinkedBrainz– to help MusicBrainz publish its database as Linked Data– mapped to concepts in the Music Ontology

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=eotj8SvzRRt2kM&tbnid=vtMXzoCqiZahIM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmusicbrainz.org%2Fdoc%2FAbout%2FLogos&ei=JUuHUbfyJMiwkgXw1oDoBQ&bvm=bv.45960087,d.dGI&psig=AFQjCNExMWBagHplu_9FjxIg3FVJDTDHgg&ust=1367907483613277


Music Ontology

• main concepts and properties for describing music (i.e. artists, albums, tracks, but also performances, ar-rangements, etc.) on the Semantic Web


Linked Data on BBC

• Problems– lot of data (broadcast between 1,000 and 1,500 programs a

day)– hand-crafted, customized sites– often not maintained– often not persistent

• build upon Open Data Repositories– such as MusicBrainz and Wikipedia


Data from Wikipedia

Data from MusicBrainz



BBC Ontologies

• Programmes Ontology– every programme brand, series and episode broadcast by the BBC– the Programmes Ontology to expose data following the Linked Data ap-

proach, enabling the interchange of programme information on the Semantic Web

• Wildlife Ontology– a simple vocabulary for describing biological species and related taxa– terms for describing the names and ranking of taxa, as well as providing sup-

port for describing their habitats, conservation status, and behavioural charac-teristics, etc

• Curriculum Ontology– a core data model for formally describing the national curricula across the UK– to provide a model of the national curricula across the UK


LinkedMDB

• publishing the first open semantic web database for movies, including a large number of interlinks to several datasets


Linked Datafor User Generated Content

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=5wYZEopaZ2oSJM&tbnid=9yyVUXRuOAkvGM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wavecommunications.co.uk%2Ftv-and-audio-for-corporate-websites%2Freversioning-user-generated-content&ei=0FKHUcmuHIalkgXB9IDIBA&psig=AFQjCNHAcHArkV7mhxup5TnK8hSxAqR5EA&ust=1367909456508540


flickr™ wrappr

• to extend DBpedia with RDF links to photos posted on flickr

• to generate a collection of flickr photos for each of the 1.95 million DBpedia concepts



Revyu.com

• a web site where you can review and rate things

http://revyu.com/


Open Graph Protocol

• to integrate web pages into the facebook’s social graph based on RDFa

<html xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml"> <head> <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1285016/" /> <meta property='og:image' content='http://ia.media-imdb.com/…140_.jpg'> <meta property='og:type' content='movie' /> <meta property='fb:app_id' content='115109575169727' /> <meta property='og:title' content='The Social Network (2010)' /> <meta property='og:site_name' content='IMDb' />...


Linked Life Science Data

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=wIVklqiIWm5X9M&tbnid=OlP7Ev5gpnuYWM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kmhlawyers.com%2Fpractice-areas-2%2Fmedical-negligence-malpractice%2F&ei=UVyHUb_eD4ickQXz74DYAg&psig=AFQjCNGkSd8H731zfXNKqIhwlFsbGTWxVg&ust=1367911889302313


BIO2RDF

• a Biological data-base using the Se-mantic web tech-nologies to provide interlinked life sci-ence data


Linked Life Data

• a semantic data integration platform for the bio-medical domain

• Search and explore over RDF statements from various sources including UniProt, PubMed, En-trezGene and so forth


Select drugs related to asthma that are linked to a molecular interaction

PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>PREFIX biopax2: <http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level2.owl#>PREFIX uniprot: <http://purl.uniprot.org/core/>PREFIX drugbank: <http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/drugbank/resource/drugbank/>SELECT distinct ?fullname ?drugname ?indicationWHERE {

?physicalEntity skos:semanticRelation ?protein . ?protein uniprot:recommendedName ?name. ?name uniprot:fullName ?fullname . ?target skos:exactMatch ?protein . ?drug drugbank:target ?target. ?drug drugbank:genericName ?drugname. ?drug drugbank:indication ?indication. filter(regex(?indication, "asthma", "i"))

}


References• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_data• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web_Stack• http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData• http://lod-cloud.net/• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dbpedia• http://dbpedia.org/About• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freebase• http://www.freebase.com/• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCyc• http://www.cyc.com/platform/opencyc• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoNames• http://www.geonames.org/• http://www.geonames.org/ontology/documentation.html• http://linkedgeodata.org/About• http://wiki.knoesis.org/index.php/SSW_Datasets• http://www.rdfabout.com/demo/census/• http://www.slideshare.net/cygri/the-state-of-linked-government-data• http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/linked-open-government-data-15708234• http://data-gov.tw.rpi.edu/wiki/The_Data-gov_Wiki• http://data.gov.uk/linked-data• http://musicbrainz.org/• http://wiki.musicbrainz.org/LinkedBrainz• http://musicontology.com/• http://www.slideshare.net/alabarga/linked-data-in-industry• http://www.bbc.co.uk/ontologies/• http://linkedmdb.org/• http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/flickrwrappr/• http://revyu.com/• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Graph_protocol#Open_Graph_protocol• http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/social-semantic-web-on-facebook-open-graph-protocol-and-twitter-annotations• http://bio2rdf.org/• http://linkedlifedata.com/• http://www.slideshare.net/echo4ngel/linked-data-in-healthcare-and-life-sciences-16926052


Dr. Myungjin Lee

e-Mail : [email protected] : http://twitter.com/MyungjinLee

Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/mjinlee

SlideShare : http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/

Thanks foryour attention.