Long Term Evolution (LTE) -

04/08/23 Tinniam V Ganesh - http://gigadom.wordpress.com

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Tinniam V [email protected]


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Market conditions Mobile data is growing at an exponential speed Mobile data in US & Europe expected to grow

at a CAGR of 55% & 42% respectively Mobile data revenues expected to grow at a

rate of 18% Mobile broadband connections will reach 1

billion by 2012 segmented between 3G & 4G technologies

Highlights1. Annual IP traffic will exceed ½ a zettabyte in 4

years by 2012 (10 21)2. Internet video (Youtube, DVD sharing ,IPTV)

account for 30% of IP traffic3. Video communication and dynamic video will

increase the burden on the network4. Global IP traffic will double every two years to

2010 and beyond


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The explosion of mobile data

In the last 2 years • 1 billion new mobile subscriptions added• 2 billion wireless devices sold

Device range from Mobile phones, Smartphones, Netbooks, PDAs, Wireless dongles and Tablets

• Currently there are 3.5 billion subscribers worldwide• 3G accounts for 350 million with 30 million added every quarter• LTE forecast to reach 32.6 million by 2013


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The rise and rise of data


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Growth in data traffic


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The birth of LTE

To handle the growth in mobile data traffic a feasibility study on theUTRA & UTRAN Long Term Evolution was started in December 2004.

The objective was "to develop a framework for the evolution of the 3GPP radio-access technology towards a high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio-access technology”

In 3GPP Rel 8 the specifications of the EPS (Evolved Packet Core) which consisted of the E-UTRAN (Enhanced UMTS Terrestial Radio Access Network) and EPC (Evolved Packet Core) was created.


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Elements of the LTE SystemLTE encompasses the evolution of • Radio access through E-UTRAN (eNodeB)• Non-radio aspects under the term System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

Entire system composed of LTE & SAE is called Evolved Packet System (EPS)

At a high level a LTE network is composed of 1. Access network comprised of E-UTRAN2. Core Network called Evolved Packet Core (EPC)


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UE – User Equipment used to connect to the EPS (Evolved Packet System). This is an LTE capable UE

The LTE network is comprised of a) Access Network b) Core Network

Access network ENB (eNodeB) – The evolved RAN consists of single node, the eNodeB that interfaces with UE. The eNodeB hosts the PHY,MAC, RLC & RRC layers. It handles radio resource management & scheduling.

Core Network (Evolved Packet Core-EPC) MME (Mobility Management Entity) – Performs paging, chooses the SGW during UE attach

S-GW (Serving Gateway) – routes & and forwards user data packets

P-GW (Packet Gateway) – provides connectivity between the UE and the external packet networks.

LTE Network Elements


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LTE Technologies

LTE uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) for lower latency and better spectral efficiency

Uses MIMO (Mulitple In Multiple Out) LTE uses several transmit & receive paths reducing interference with increase in spectral efficiency and throughput.

Flatter architecture – Fewer Network elements in the LTE Evolved Packet Core(EPC). This results in lower latency because of lesser number of hops as compared to 3G. Absence of RNC like Network Element(NE).


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Operator strategies for LTE deployment

Voice & SMS are the main source of revenue for the telecom companies. LTE strategy should be one of the following

1. Data only services on LTE2. Data only services on LTE with 2G – 3G voice3. Data service on LTE and IMS based VOIP (VoLTE)4. Voice and data service on LTE (VoLGA)

The above 3 strategies are not alternatives but a path for evolution

1. Data only option targeted to customers with LTE dongles, netbooks, air cards etc2. Voice will remain a major revenue generator for CSP. LTE for data an 2G- 3G network for

voice calls. Operators will need to implement a CS-Fallback option (3GPP 23.272) to support voice on 2G-3G networks. The call will fall back to GSM-UMTS network for voice

3. Voice and data service on LTE uses the IMS for voice services and LTE for data. This is based on an all –IP network. On Feb 15,2010 the One Voice was adopted by GSMA as the Voice over LTE (VoLTE). This is an end-to-end LTE ecosystem.


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2.5G GPRS Network Elements


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LTE & 3G Network Elements


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3.99G (4G)

LTE

Upto 100 Mbps

2009+


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LTE

2010

~100 Mbps


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The evolution of mobile technology

Year Standards Technological evolution

1. 1999 3GPP Rel 99 GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS based(2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G)

2. 2001 3GPP Rel 4 Minor upgrades to UMTS, radio interface

3. 2002 3GPP Rel 5 HSDPA , IMS architecture (3.5G)

4. 2005 3GPP Rel 6 Higher speeds

5. 2007 3GPP Rel 7 HSPA+,PoC, Voice & Video over VOIP

6. 2008 3GPP Rel 8 EPS (E-UTRAN/LTE) (3.99G/4G)

7. 2009 3GPP Rel 9 Enhancement to EPS

8. 2010 3GPP Rel 10 LTE- Advanced (4G)


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LTE Development Timeline


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Technological Evolution


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LTE will have to co-exist with the existing technologies like 2G,2.5G & 3G.Operators need to plan LTE deployment in an ecosystem comprising 2G,3G & 4G technologies

Evolutionary path for LTE


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Forecasted market share of various technologies


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LTE provides download speeds of 100 Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplinkReduced latency ( <10 ms ) for better user experienceLTE has a better spectral efficiency (can squeeze more data)Lower cost per bit (flatter architecture)LTE base station cost is 1/5th of HSPA cost

Backwards compatible o Works with GSM/EDGE/UMTSo Utilizes existing 2G, 3G and new spectrum

Reduced CAPEX/OPEX via simple architecture

In short LTE provides high throughput, low latency , better spectral efficiency and lower cost-per-bit.LTE provides for better QoE (Quality of Experience)

LTE benefits


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LTE- Faster, Simpler & Cheaper


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LTE Benefits

1/3 rd of OpEx is Technical Operations. LTE by virtue of the fact that is a simpler network reduces this costOperators will upgrade their legacy SONET/ATM based transport to Ethernet/IP based LTE/SAE packet core between 2010 - 2015


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LTE – Benefits

1. Superior QoE (Quality of Experience)2. Improved Performance (faster throughput, lower latency3. Better ROI


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LTE Services

Based on the features of LTE newer an richer services can be provided1. Video services (high throughput)2. Low Latency (Gaming)3. Real time video conferencing (high quality)4. M2M services


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LTE devices

Several considerations need to taken for LTE devices- Multi-mode (LTE,3G,2G,HSPA etc)- Multi-band (700 Mhz, 800 Mhz,900 Mhz…)- Dual stack (IPv4/IPv6). Migration to LTE implies a transition to IPv6. Greater number of

devices will be connected all the time. IPv4 exhaustion is a possibility. There is a need for dual stack (IPv4/IPv6) devices


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The future of LTE

The LTE networks for future will consist of many eNodeBs, femto cells and Home eNBs. This will be complex network that will have to monitored and controlled. 3GPP TR 36.902 addresses the issue of Self Optimizing/Self Organizing Network (SON). SONs comprises of 3 key aspects

1. Self configuring2. Self optimizing3. Self healing4. LTE- Advanced based on 3GPP Release 10


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Commercial deployments will happen between 2010 - 2010US, Europe, Japan are already mature 3G markets.LTE is a natural evolution in these markets

Plans for LTE deployments are afoot in the following nations

1.Japan - KDDI, Softbank, NTT Docomo 2.USA - AT&T, Verizon & Telus 3.Australia - Telstra & Optus 4.Europe T-Mobile, Vodafone, Telefonica & FT-Orange

Clearwire is planning for LTE deployments

India is to rollout 3G in the beginning of 2011. LTE may take a few years to enter India and will be based on the demands on the 3G network

LTE Deployments worldwide


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LTE versus its competitors

The biggest rival of LTE in the 4G race is WiMAX (Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access)

WiMAX is based of the IEEE 802.16e standard and promises high speed data access

WiMAX may be popular in some niche areas

However the LTE has a better evolution path as compared to WiMAX.

LTE can co-exist with GSM,WCDMA,HSPA networks and provides a smooth ungrade

LTA will improve the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) as compared to HSPA.

LTE offers better through, reduced latency and improved spectral efficiency

LTE allows reuse of existing site infrastructure like antennas, feeder cables, antenna masts, power supply etc


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Players in the LTE field

Access – eNodeB, Microcells, Picocells, FemtocellsHuawei, Interphase, Airvana, Fujitsu, Motorola, ALU, Trillium

Enhanced Packet Core (EPC)Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, Nokia Siemens, Huawei, Motorola, Trillium


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Thank You !!!

Tinniam344/1/201204/08/23 V Ganesh

[email protected]

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Long Term Evolution (LTE) -