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Everyone loves it when things are fast, and that statement holds true whether you're visiting http://www.livingsocial.com or whether you're hitting the OpenStack Nova API and requesting, "Please show me all the instances which I've got running". Nobody ever writes in asking for support and saying, "All of my API calls are completing far too quickly. Slow it down!". Optimizing the performance of software is arguably a never ending crusade. At some point in time you'll get things fast enough that you can say, "Any effort invested beyond this point is not adding value for the business" but then along comes new code which adds a zillion awesome features, but also regresses performance back to a level where it needs another tune-up. In the process of transforming our infrastructure and preparing our new OpenStack IaaS to host all our applications, we've been looking for performance wins across the whole stack. We've got some aggressive targets to meet. We've investigated many hardware options and chosen an optimal solution, we've instrumented some of the OpenStack APIs and benchmarked to produce interesting results, and whilst we're not done yet, we do have a "Half-Time Match Report". Join me as I walk through our learnings so far and propose follow-on areas for investigation and optimization.
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Wednesday, 17 October 12
MAKING CLOUDS GO FASTERFOR FUN AND PROFIT
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SpeakersWho crafted this talk?
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Alex Howells@nixgeek
Technical OperationsLivingSocial
[email protected]://github.com/agh
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Paul Thomas@ftergl0w
Technical OperationsLivingSocial
[email protected]://github.com/AfterGlow
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Bedtime ReadingYou can get a copy of these slides after the talk -
https://speakerdeck.com/u/nixgeek
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Problem?8
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PerformanceIt doesn’t need to be rocket science.
It does matter though!
I promise I’m not trolling you.
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“Oh man, that was too fast!It’s so much betternow it’s slow!!”
-- Average User
In a parallel universe...
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YEAH RIGHTI wish I had users who were that easy to please!
But since we live in the real world...
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“Why is that dude smiling?!This is too slow!
Why can’t it be faster?”
-- Average Users
In our universe...
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THINGS ARE IMPROVINGCactus => Diablo => Essex => Folsom
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But things can improve faster with focus!
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Today
Mostly reliable,but can be a bit slow!
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The Future?
Faster. More scalable.A real driving experience.
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Why should I listen to you?
What’s the big deal?16
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WE’RE A LOT LIKE YOU!Developers. Operators. Engineers. Users.We see potential. We see opportunities.
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AirspaceLivingSocial PaaS
We care about speed because ...
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* Scaling services up/down needs to happen fast! * Needing to maintain huge pools of “slack capacity” to account for sudden spikes in traffic sucks. * Upgrading applications should be fast.
What does fast mean to us? One example?
New instances online in under 10 seconds.
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Performance Matters
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What could your business do if instances came online in under 5 seconds vs. 50 seconds?
> Makes integration tests leveraging the Cloud complete much faster. > Seasonal spikes? React to them faster - happier customers spend more money. > Engineers who don’t grumble that “getting servers is a pain in the ass”. > Deploy new applications and services more quickly and easily.
Along with many other things ...
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What do we do?
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Think Positive22
Because solutions are better than problems!
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Two-ProngedApproach
Hardware & Software“A Love Story”
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Warning!
Picking the right hardware is quite hard.It’s often individual to your users needs.
What works for us may not rock your world.
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Hardware26
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Our Servers
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Supermicro 1027R-WRFT+2x Intel Xeon E5-2670 (8C/16T 2.60GHz)16 x 8GB 1600MHz ECC MemoryLSI 9266-8i (1-LD RAID-10)8 x Intel 520-series 240GB SSDDual-Port Intel X540 10GBASE-T
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Benefits
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* ‘Just right’ balance of CPU/RAM for us.
* Exceptional ephemeral I/O performance > Not using eMLC - trade off? > We can think about SQL on IaaS
* A surplus of network bandwidth
Servers are not a bottleneck!
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Our Network
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Top of Rack -Arista Networks 7050T48-port 10GBASE-T Switch+ 4-port 40GbE (uplinks)
Zone Spine -Arista Networks 7050Q16-port 40GbE Switch
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Benefits
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* A network which runs Linux!* Ability to automate it via ZTP and Chef
* Non-blocking communication in a rack.* Provision 160Gbps to spine via four cables.* Under 2:1 contention for comms in/out of rack.
* Less need to think about QoS!
Network is not a bottleneck!
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Software31
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Production
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Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (‘Precise Pangolin’)Hypervisor -- KVM
CloudScaling OCS 1.3 .. based off OpenStack Essex ..
Moving to OCS 2.0 in near future... .. that one is OpenStack Folsom ..
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Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (‘Precise Pangolin’)Hypervisor -- KVM
Useful for development and testing .. we’re running OpenStack Folsom now ..
Most of the data shown later was grabbedwith help from DevStack running on similarhardware to our production environment.
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WHAT NOW?We’ve picked the hardware stack. It’s awesome.
We’ve got our software installed. It’s looking great.
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Support calls are imprecise. We need data!
Monitoring35
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Old School* Is my service (API) responding on TCP/8774?* Am I able to make a GET and fetch instance info?* Is my server running all the processes it should?* Are there any errors on my network ports?
If any of this looks broken,send me alerts saying so!
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New Thinking
* “How long did my website take to show?”* Individual performance of each click or API call* Inspection of latency within the application
If lots of users interactions are slow,then I want you to alert me.
If its just an outlier - log it and shut up.
“End-User Experience Monitoring”
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DEMO TIME!Because pretty pictures are awesome.
We’ll call the slowest transactions our “Disaster Porn”.
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Boundary
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“AppViz”
* Port-to-port throughput/latency* How much SQL traffic are you doing?
Updates in real-time.Look backwards in time.
Powered by IPFIX (RFC 5101)
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Tracelytics
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Lots more cool stuff to help ...We’ll blitz through a few more things next ...
Latency Trends* Over the last 60 minutes* Over the last 24 hours* Over the last 7 days
Top Tip: This is bad news.
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TracelyticsPatches
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If you want to try out OpenStack APM -https://github.com/Afterglow/tracelytics-openstack
Any questions? Just open an issue!
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Glance
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Keystone
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Nova
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Nova
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Nova
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Nova
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“Call to Arms”
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Reminder about those patches -https://github.com/Afterglow/tracelytics-openstack
> Performance regression tests as an OpenStack CI gate?> More people talking about “How I fixed those >5 second outliers!”> Better ‘shared knowledge’ about what settings to tweak for added oomph> Architectural analysis asking about “big picture” (big impact) changes
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CreditsBecause these folks are awesome
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N.B. Not intended as an exhaustive list of all the awesome people in the world/room!
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http://www.livingsocial.com
Credits
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http://www.cloudscaling.com
Credits
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http://www.aristanetworks.com
Credits
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http://www.tracelytics.com
Credits
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We’re done talking,thanks for listening!
Any questions?
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Interested?E-mail Ken -
Or just find me!
Reminder that these slides are over at -https://speakerdeck.com/u/nixgeek
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