SMARTERDECISIONS

Richard Goodman

Intergraph (UK) Ltd

Measuring Change With RADAR Imagery

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Why is change measurement important

Why is change measurement important?

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Devastation caused by tornadoes in Alabama, 2011

Why is change measurement important?

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Magnitude 9.0 earthquake in Japan, 2011

Why is change measurement important?

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Mississippi river flooding in Memphis, Tennessee, 2011

UK Floods, 2007

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Why is change measurement important?

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Oil spills

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So why use RADAR data in change

measurement

The Mysterious RADAR image…

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Why use RADAR data in change measurement?

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• Active sensor• No sun illumination required

• Imagery collected in cloudy weather

• Pulse sent from sensor, reflected off features, return captured by

antenna

• SINGLE LOOK COMPLEX (SLC) data format• RADARSAT 1 / 2, COSMO-SkyMed, TerraSAR-X

• 2 bands of data

• Magnitude (strength of return)

• Phase (position of wave on return to antenna)

• Man-made features and infrastructure give

strong returns• Buildings

• Steel/metals

• Sub-surface features

Why use RADAR data in change measurement?

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• Interferometric processing• Interferometric pairs

• Make use of both magnitude and phase layers

• Coherence Change Detection (CCD)

• Differential Interferometric Displacement Mapping (D-InSAR)

• Accuracy to cm level

• Monitoring subsidence• Subsurface oil and water extraction

• Mining

• Natural disasters – earthquakes, volcanoes

• Human activities

Why use RADAR data in change measurement?

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ERDAS Imagine Radar Tools

ERDAS Imagine Radar Tools

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• Radar Mapping Suite• Add-on module

• Operational software• Not a toolkit!

• Directly read data into viewer• No import required

• No resampling of data

• New Radar Analyst ribbon• Fast feature extraction

• Visualisation aids

• Interferometry tools• CCD

• D-InSAR

ERDAS Imagine Radar Tools

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• New Radar Analyst ribbon

ERDAS Imagine Radar Tools

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• Interferometry tools – CCD & D-InSAR

• Wizard-based workflows• Intelligent defaults for parameters

• Experts can take full control

• Phase Un-Wrap algorithm• The heart of the CCD and D-InSAR

• Developed in conjunction with German Aerospace Agency (DLR)

3. Visual Interpretation

4. Automatic Detection

1. Project Setup2. Processing Steps

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Case Studies

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KSAT

Data Analysis and Classification Tool

KSAT DACT Case Study

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• Who/What is KSAT

• Kongsberg Satellite Services AS (KSAT) is a commercial

Norwegian enterprise

• Provides services to European Maritime Safety Agency to detect

and report oil spills using RADAR satellite imagery

KSAT DACT Case Study

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KSAT DACT Case Study

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• Locations

Tromsø Station & Offices at 69°39´N 18°56´E.

80 Employees

Svalbard Satellite Station (SvalSat) at 78°15´N 15°80´E

19 employees

Grimstad, (South Norway) at 58°20´N 8°21´E

4 employees

And TrollSat (Antarctica) at 72°S 2°E – That s far far south…

KSAT DACT Case Study

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• The DACT Project

• KSAT has provided a service using satellite images for detection of

oil spills since 1994

• Can deliver oil spill reports to European end users promptly

• New user requirements had KSAT develop the Data Analysis and

Classification Tool with emphasis on oil spill and vessel detection

from satellite imagery

• Radar imagery ideal for quickly identifying oil spills and linking them

to possible sources (vessels/platforms)

KSAT DACT Case Study

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• The System

• Customised Imagine ribbon interface with KSAT tab

• Contains shortcuts to common tools used in identification, extraction

of oil spills

• External data sources, shipping tracks, wind, wave, current, oil

platforms used to identify possible sources of spill

• Reports generated for each radar scene (clean sea, warning,

notification)

• Target turnaround time is 30 minutes from when imagery available to

report sent

KSAT DACT Case Study

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Interferometry Tools Examples

Qualitative Change Mapping with CCD

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Geoinformatics magazine, July/August 2010

Qualitative Change Mapping with CCD

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Magnitude Change Coherence ChangePhase CoherenceAverage Radar Magnitude

Quantitative Change Mapping with D-InSAR

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Quantitative Change Mapping with D-InSAR

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Using the IMAGINE D-InSAR tool users can map VerticalDisplacement

Max Subsidence = -16.5 cm

Max Uplift = +26.6 cm

Published Displacement: +30/-18

Xia,Ye. Bam earthquake: Surface deformation measurement using radar interferometry. ActaSeismologicia Sinica, Vol.18 No.4 (451~459), July, 2005

Summary – Operational Change Measurement Workflow

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Input raw RADAR data

Detected change

Report

Vector output

Questions?

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