Industrial Symbiosis on the Island of Händelö

Michael Martin Environmental Technology and Management

Linköping University

Overview

• Händelö

• Industrial Symbiosis (Händelö-Norrköping)

• Bioenergy Complex

• Are there benefits?

• What if it was a fossil system?

• It can be better!

• Future Work

2 2

Händelö

3 3

Industrial Symbiosis on Händelö

Exchanges of:

– Industrial By-products

– Agricultural By-products

– Waste (?)

– Energy

– Fuels

– Water

Many companies

4 4

Industrial Symbiosis (Norrköping-Händelö)

E.ON Econova biofuel

ashes

waste

Norrköpings kommun

Ve

hicle

gas

Bio

gas

Hh

-waste

District h

eatin

g

sludge

Holmen Paper

Graphic Packaging

reje

ct

sludge

Fibre sludge

slud

ge

Agroetanol Svensk Biogas stillage

steam

Vehicle gas

Agriculture

wheat

bio

fertilize

r

Biodiesel production?

glycerin

Seed cake

Göran Årsjö Däckstommar

Colmec

rubber

tyres

Tidnings- Retur

newspaper

IL Recycling

newspaper

cardboard

Cleanaway

Paper, glue

Returpack

PET-bottles

Rosti- primpac

PET

Forestry

Wood chips

Wood chips

Clusters

6 6 Bioenergy

Forest/Paper PET & Paper

Recycling

Norrköping

Heat and Power

What’s unique about Händelö?

BIOENERGY Let’s take a look…

E.ON, 2011

Agroetanol, 2011

11

Scenario 3 25 times more

biogas than default!

Svensk Biogas, 2011

Svensk Biogas, 2011

Biogas

Fertilizer

Wood Chips

Agroetanol

E.ON

Ethanol

Agroetanol

E.ON

Norrköping

Svensk

Biogas

13

14

Bioenergy on Händelö

14

• 210 Million Liters of Ethanol/year

– For low blending in Sweden (5% ethanol in gasoline)

• 500,000 Nm3 Biomethane

• 27,000 Tonnes Waste from Norrköping

• Heat and Electricity to Norrköping

World leading grain based ethanol producer

Again… So what is unique about

Händelö?

Renewable Energy System

• CHP-Based on Renewable Fuel

• Heat and Electricity come from burning forest

industry wastes and municipal wastes

Other important aspects for system:

• Electricity from Swedish average system

• Biogas system receives “hot” product

• Cereals primarily from region

16 16

Leads to many benefits…

Integrated Case: Ethanol and

Biogas

• Changes and effects to the system based on one

by-product exchange

• Impacts from increasing by-product exchange

• Learn about modeling industrial symbiosis and

quantifying benefits

18 18

Existing Scenario

19

Default Scenario

20

CO2 Emissions (Tonnes/year)

21

61 000

61 500

62 000

62 500

63 000

63 500

64 000

64 500

65 000

65 500

Default Existing

CO

2-e

q E

mis

sio

ns (

To

nn

es)

Not only CO2!

Resource Consumption

Cereal inputs (kg)

23

165 500 000,00

166 000 000,00

166 500 000,00

167 000 000,00

167 500 000,00

168 000 000,00

168 500 000,00

169 000 000,00

169 500 000,00

Default Scenario Existing Scenario

Inp

uts

of

Cere

als

(kg

)

Energy System is Important!

What if there were a different

energy system?

25

Coal

Natural

Gas

Electricity

Heat

or

26

Electricity

0,00%

5,00%

10,00%

15,00%

20,00%

25,00%

30,00%

35,00%

40,00%

Coal Natural Gas

Incre

ase i

n C

O2-e

q e

mis

sio

ns (

%)

27

Process Heat

0,00%

20,00%

40,00%

60,00%

80,00%

100,00%

120,00%

Coal Natural Gas

Incre

ase i

n C

O2-e

q e

mis

sio

ns (

%)

Industrial Symbiosis &

Biofuels

IS & Biofuels

• Introduction of Bioenergy Systems = Beneficial

• Many material and by-product exchanges

possible

• Biogas can be added to systems easily to

upgrade wastes/by-products

• Biofuel efficiency (energy & materials) can be

optimized by integration

• NO SUCH THING AS WASTES!

29 29

It can be better!

More synergies/exchanges

• Replace fossil fuels with biofuels

• Pipelines-Reduced Transport

• Process optimization

• Increase type and amount substrates

• Introduce a biodiesel plant…

31 31

33

Future Applications of Research

• What happens both economically and

environmentally?

• How can “benefits” and “impacts” be quantified

using the Renewable Energy Directive (RED)

guidelines?

• What implications does the RED have for

industrial symbiosis?

• How can introduing biogas to the system

upgrade/upcycle materials and wastes?

Thank You

michael.martin@liu.se