MINERALSSocial Science Holiday

Home work

MINERALSA mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature, represent able by a chemical formula, usually a biogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure. It is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals, and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be a biogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. The study of minerals is called mineralogy.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF MINERALS

TYPES OF MINERALS

METALLIC MINERALS Metallic minerals contain metal in raw

form.Metals are hard substances that conduct heat and electricity and have a characteristic lustre or shine.Iron ore,bauxite,manganese and chromites contain iron.

METALLIC MINERALS

Metallic minerals contain metal in raw form.Metals are hard substances that conduct heat and electricity and have a characteristic lustre or shine.Iron ore,bauxite,manganese and chromites contain iron.

NON – METALLIC MINERALS

EXTRACTION OF MINERALS Minerals can be extracted by; Mining Drilling Quarrying

MINING It is the process of taking out minerals from

rocks buried under the earth’s surface is called Mining.

2 TYPES OF MININGOpen – Cast MiningMinerals that lies at shallow depths

are taken out by removing the surface layer is called as Open –Cast Mining .

Shaft –MiningDeep bores, called shafts have to

be made to reach mineral deposits that lie at great depths . This is called shaft mining.

2 TYPES OF MINING

DRISTIBUTION OF MINERALS Minerals occur in different types of rocks. Some are IGNEOUS rocks , some in

metamorphic rocks while others occur in sedimentary rocks.

CONTINENT – WISE DRISTIBUTION OF MINERALS

Asia CHINA- Iron ,TIN ,antimony AND TUNGSTEN. INDIA-IRON, MANGANESE, ZINC AND MANY OTHER

MINERALS. INDONESIA & MALAYSIA-THE CONTINENT

PRODUCES MORE THAN HALF OF WORLDS TIN.

EUROPE IRON -ORE DEPOSITS- RUSSIA,UKRAINE,SWEDEN

AND FRANCE. MINERAL DEPOSITS OF

COPPER,LEAD ,ZINC,MANGANESE AND NICKEL ARE FOUND IN EASTERN EUROPE AND RUSSIA.

CONTINENT – WISE DRISTIBUTION OF MINERALS

NORTH AMERICA CANADIAN SHIELD-IRON –ORE, NICKEL,GOLD,URANIUM

& COPPER . APPALACHIANS REGION-COAL WESTERN CORDILLERAS-COPPER,LEAD,ZINC,GOLD

AND SILVER.SOUTH AMERICA BRAZIL-IRON – ORE COPPER-CHILE & PERU SOUTH AMERICA-GOLD, SILVER,DIAMOND, ZINC,MICA

& CHROMIUM MINERAL-OIL –VENEZUELA,CHILE,PERU&COLUMBIA

CONTINENT – WISE DRISTIBUTION OF MINERALS

AFRICA RICH MINERALS-DIAMOND,GOLDAND

PLATINUM.AUSTRALIA LARGEST PRODUCER IN BAUXINE. LEADING PRODUCER INGOLD ,DIAMOND,IRO

–ORE TIN AND NICKLE.ANTARTICA IRON-ORE ,SILVER,GOLDAND OIL ARE ALSO

PRESENT IN COMMERCIAL QUANTITIES.

DRISTIBUTION IN INDIA

USES OF MINERALS Minerals are used in many industries. Minerals which are used for gems are usually

hard. Copper is another metal used in everything

from coins to pipes. Silicon used in the computer industry is

obtained from the quartz. Aluminum obtained from it’s ore bauxite

used in is automobile ,airplanes etc.

CONSERVATION OF MINERALS Minerals are non renewable resource. It takes 1000 of years for the formation and

concentration of Minerals. The rate of formation is much smaller than

the rate at which the humus consumes these minerals.

It is necessary to reduce wastage in the process of mining.

Re-cycling of metals is another way in which the mineral resources can be conserved.

THANK YOU BY Preranaa Prasad VIII C