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Management is the process of Management is the process of designing and maintaining an designing and maintaining an environment in which environment in which individuals, working together in individuals, working together in groups, efficiently and groups, efficiently and accomplish selected aims.accomplish selected aims.
MANAGEMENT
What is Data?Data consists of a series of facts or statements that may have been collected, stored, processed and/or manipulated but have not been organized or placed into context.
When data is organized or arranged in a meaningful manner, it becomes information.
What is Information?
• Accuracy• Complete• Economical• Reliable• Relevant
• Simple• Timely• Verifiable• Accessible• Secure
CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUABLE INFORMATION
ACCURATE
Accurate information is error free. In some cases inaccurate information is generated because inaccurate data is fed into the transformation process.
COMPLETE
Complete Information contains all the important facts.
ECONOMICAL
Information should be relatively economical to produce.
RELIABLE
Reliable information can be dependent on. In many cases, the reliability of the information depends on the reliability of the data collection method.
RELEVANTRelevant information is important to the decision maker.
SIMPLEInformation should also be simple
TIMELYTimely information is delivered when it is needed
VERIFIABLEInformation should be verifiable. This means that can check it to make sure it is correct.
ACCESSIBLEInformation should be easily accessible by authorized users
SECUREInformation should be secure from access by unauthorized users.
What is a System?
A system is set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals.
The elements themselves and the relationships among them determine how the system works.
System have inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs and feedback.
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Information system is a set of inter-related elements and components that collect (input), manipulate (process), and disseminate (output), data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEMSYSTEM
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
FEEDBACK
INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
Customers SuppliersCustomers Suppliers
Regulatory Stockholders CompetitorsRegulatory Stockholders CompetitorsAgenciesAgencies
ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
Computer-Based Information System
( C B I S )
A computer based information system (CBIS) is a single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store and process data into information
For example :
Payroll System
Order Entry System
Inventory Control System
Components of a CBIS
Hardware
Software Database Telecommunication People Procedures
Hardware
Hardware consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing and output activities.
Tangible parts of computer systems
Hardware includes :
Input Devices
Processing Devices
Output Devices
Storage Devices
Software
Software is the computer programs that govern the operation of the computer. These programs allow the computer to, for example, process payroll, send bills to customers and provide better customer service
There are two basic types of software:
System Software
Application Software
Database
A database is an organized collection of facts and information
An organization’s database can contain facts and information on customers, employees, sales information and much more.
Different databases include:
Oracle MS-Access SQL Server MYSQL
Telecommunication
Telecommunications is the electronic transmission of signals for communications and enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks.
Group of computers connected together is called computer network.
Networks are used to connect computers and computer equipment in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communication.
People
People are the most important element in most computer-based information system. Computer system personnel include all the people who manage, run programs and maintain the systems.
Procedures
Procedures include the strategies, policies, methods and rules for using a CBIS.
Types of Information Systems
Information SystemInformation System
ManagerialManagerial
T P S
O A S
P C S
M I S
D S S
E I S
OperationalOperational
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM
( T P S )A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to record completed business transactions.
Payroll System Inventory Control System