- 1. Presenter: Leeann SillsRegistration # 10/0532/0169Lecturer:
Ms Tabitha Mallampati
2. Informatics? French word informatique which means computer
science. Informatics is defined as computer science + information
science. Used in conjunction with the name of a discipline, it
denotesan application of computer science and information scienceto
the management and processing of data, information, and knowledge
in the named discipline. Thus we have, medical informatics, nursing
informatics,pharmacy informatics and so on 3. What is Nursing
InformaticsA way of helping in the management and processingof
nursing information data through the use ofcomputers.Involves
research and analysis aimed at supportingnursing education and
practice.Deals specifically with the process of gathering
andacquiring nursing health care data. 4. History Nurses have
worked in informatics roles for overtwenty-five years, but the
phrase nursinginformatics was not seen in the literature until
1984.Nursing informatics has established itself as aspecialty in
the nursing field. Nurses have become proficient in utilizing and
adapting complex technology into caring nursing practice for
decades, at least since the time of Florence Nightingale in the
United Kingdom and even earlier, when Jeanne Mance (1606-1673)
founded the first hospital in Montreal, Canada in 1642. 5. History
Various forms of machinery such as ventilators andphysiological
monitors were first used in intensiveand critical care settings,
and are now currentlyused in adapted form in less acute areas, even
inhome care. Nursing has evolved significantly over the past
fewdecades, with many of the changes being driven byadvances in
information and communicationtechnology (ICT). 6. Advances in
Machinery 7. Advances in Machinery 8. Advances in Machinery 9.
Advances in Machinery 10. DefinitionsRognehaugh the use of any
computer and informationtechnologies that support any nursing
functioncarried out by nurses in the performance of theirduties 11.
DefinitionsHannah (1985)use of information technologies in relation
to thosefunctions, within the purview of nursing that arecarried
out by nurses when performing their duties 12. DefinitionsGraves
and Corcoran(1989) a combination of computer science,
informationscience and nursing science designed to assist inthe
management and processing of nursing data,information and knowledge
to support the practiceof nursing and the delivery of nursing care.
13. DefinitionsHebda (1998 ) Defines nursing informatics as "the
use ofcomputers technology to support nursing, includingclinical
practice, administration, education, andresearch. 14. Definitions
ANA Scope and Standards of Nursing Informatics Practice( 2001, pg
vii) Nursing Informatics is a specialty that integrates nursing
science, computer science, and information science to manage and
communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice.
Nursing informatics facilitates the integration of data,
information and knowledge to support patients, nurses and other
providers in their decision-making in all roles and settings. This
support is accomplished through the use of information structures,
information processes, and information technology. 15. Goal The
goal of Nursing Informatics is to improve the health of
populations, communities, families, and individuals by optimizing
information management and communication. This includes the use of
technology in the direct provision of care, in establishing
effective administrative systems, in managing and delivering
education experiences, in supporting life-long learning, and in
supporting nursing research.(Scope of Standards of Nursing
Informatics Practice -American Nurses Association 2001) 16.
Framework of Nursing InformaticsDeals with how this data is
collected andprocessed with an aim to improve
variousdecision-making levels within the nursingprofession.Is
applied to model the human processingof data, information, and
knowledge within acomputer system.Automates the processing of
nursing datato information and the transformation ofnursing
information to nursing knowledge. 17. Framework of Nursing
Informatics?The framework for nursing informatics relies on
thecentral concepts of data, information and knowledge:DATA: is
defined as discrete entities that are described objectively without
interpretationINFORMATION: as data that is interpreted, organizedor
structuredKNOWLEDGE as information that has beensynthesized so that
interrelationshipsare identified and formalized. 18. Data
Information Knowledge Triad 19. Application of Nursing
InformaticsNursing Informatics can be applied to all areas
ofnursing practice which include; Clinical Practice, Administration
Education Research 20. Clinical PracticePoint-of-Care Systems and
Clinical InformationSystemsWork lists to remind staff of planned
nursinginterventionsComputer generated client
documentationElectronic Medical Record (EMR) and Computer-Based
Patient Record (CPR) Monitoring devices thatrecord vital signs and
other measurements directly intothe client record (electronic
medical record) 21. Clinical Practice Computer - generated nursing
care plans andcritical pathways Automatic billing for supplies or
procedures withnursing documentation Reminders and prompts that
appear duringdocumentation to ensure comprehensive charting 22.
Nursing AdministrationHealth Care Information Systems Automated
staff scheduling E-mail for improved communication Cost analysis
and finding trends for budgetpurposes Quality assurance and
outcomes analysis 23. Nursing Education Computerized record-keeping
Computerized-assisted instruction Interactive video technology
Distance Learning-Web based courses and degreeprograms Internet
resources-CEUs and formal nursing courses anddegree programs
Presentation software for preparing slides and handouts-PowerPoint
and MS Word 24. Nursing Research Computerized literature
searching-CINAHL,HINARI, Medline and Web sources The adoption of
standardized language related tonursing terms-NANDA, etc. The
ability to find trends in aggregate data, that isdata derived from
large population groups-Statistical Software, SPSS . 25. Benefits
Electronic Medical Records(EMR)benefits: Improved access to the
medical record. The EMR canbe accessed from several different
locationssimultaneously, as well as by different levels
ofproviders. Decreased redundancy of data entry. For
example,allergies and vital signs need only be entered once.
Decreased time spent in documentation. Automationallows direct
entry from monitoring equipment, as wellas point-of-care data
entry. 26. BenefitsIncreased time for client care. More time is
availablefor client care because less timeis required for
documentation and transcription ofphysician orders.Facilitation of
data collection for research.Electronically stored client
recordsprovide quick access to clinical data for a largenumber of
clients. 27. Benefits Improved communication and decreased
potential for error. Improved legibility ofclinician documentation
and orders is seen with computerized information systems. Creation
of a lifetime clinical record facilitated byinformation systems 28.
Decision Support SoftwareDecision- support software, computer
software programsthat organize information to aid in decision
making forclient care or administrative issues; these
include:Decision-support tools as well as alerts and
remindersnotify the clinician of possible concerns or omissions. An
example of this, is the documentation of patientallergies in the
computer system. The health careproviders would be alerted to any
discrepancies in thepatient medication orders. 29. Decision Support
Software Effective data management and trend-findinginclude the
ability to provide historical or currentdata reports. Extensive
financial information can be collected andanalyzed for trends. An
extremely important benefitin this era of managed care and cost
cutting. Data related to treatment such as inpatient length ofstay
and the lowest level of care provider requiredcan be used to
decrease costs. 30. AdvantagesDatabase advantages shared data;
centralized control; disadvantages of redundancy control; improved
data integrity; improved data security, and database systems;
flexible conceptual design. 31. Advantages More easily archived
Standardized and customized reporting Legible More accurate patient
data, less chance of error Document set maintained 32.
Disadvantages Complex conceptual design process Need for multiple
external databases Need to hire database-related employees High
DBMS acquisition costs A more complex programmer environment 33.
Disadvantages Potentially catastrophic program failures A longer
running time for individual applications Highly dependent DBMS
operations Increased costs to startup, maintain, train, andupgrade
Computer literacy required-fear ofcomputers Confidentiality,
privacy and security difficult toguarantee 34. ConclusionVirginia
Saba (1992) predicted, "By the turn of the century, most health
care delivery systems will function with computers and will be
managed by computer literate nurses. I believe, that by the turn of
the century, "high tech and high touch" will be an integral part of
the health care delivery system," 35. Conclusion At present,
nursing informatics is an emerging field of study. National nursing
organizations support the need for nurses to become computer
literate and versed in the dynamics of nursing informatics. We are
at a transition period. Becoming educated in nursing informatics
is, for the most party, a self-directed and independent endeavor.
Programs that offer basic and further education in nursing
informatics are beginning to spring up around the globe, but many
more are needed to provide easy access for motivated nurses.
