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Open Data Potential for Smart Cities
Prof. Sören Auer
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
The Web evolves into a Web of Data
Linked Open Data
FacebookOpen Graph
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
Trans-port/
MobilityEnergy
Edu-cation
Communication
Cuture
Econo-my
Gover-nance
Aspects of Smart Cities
What connects all these Smart City aspects?
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
• Open Data Strategy (Ref: IP/11/1524) expected to deliver €40 billion boost to the EU's
economy each year
• Data becomes a tradable commodity, “the value of data increases the more you share it”
Potential of Open Data
©Nigel Holmes 2012 / from The Human Face of Big Data
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
Extreme variety of
• Data sources
• Data structures/data models (XML,CSV,RDB,
…)
• Stakeholders: Data owners/publishers &
consumers (authorities, administrations,
citizens, companies, …)
• Licenses (proprietary, CC, Open Data, …)
Not only Big Data, also large amounts of
„Small Data“
What are the challenges
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data 1. Uses RDF Data Model
Addressing the challenges with Linked Data
SRII-Asia2013
Bangkok
17.9.2013
SRII_Thailandorganizes
starts
takesPlaceIn
2. Is serialised in triples:SRII_Thailand organizes SRII-Asia2013SRII-Asia2013 starts “20130917”^^xsd:dateSRII-Asia2013 takesPlaceAt Bangkok
3. Uses Content-negotiation
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
• Uses established Web Technologies (HTTP, URI
etc.)
• No centralized authority required
• RDF is a lingua franca for integrating data on the
Web
• Entities, attributes and properties can be uniquely
identified
• Provenance built-in
• Easy to migrate from shallow semantic
representations (thesauri, vocabularies) to
complex ones (ontologies)
• Mature stack of standards and technologies
available
Advantages of Linked Data
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
What is Linked Open Gov Data?
Linked Data Linked OpenGovernement Data
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
Open Government Data Ecosystem for Smart Cities
Politics• On different levels:
(supra-) national,regional, municipal
Civil society• Grass-roots initiatives• NGOs• Pluralism
Business• Startups• SMEs• Large companies
Research• Science• Collaborative projects
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
Open Data for Smart Cities: Who is it for?
Data literate citizenry
Data journalists
Policy experts
Decision makers
Mobile and web developers
Academics / researchers
Public bodies
Companies
Civic society / NGOs
And so on...
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
• Transparency
• Accountability
• Efficiency
• Public Service Delivery
• Engagement
• Data Improvement
• Societal value
• Economic value
Open Data Benefits
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
• Let citizens experiment with apps visualizing governmental spending – leverage the creative
potential
• Reach better societal agreement
• Identify overspending, potential for savings, misuse
Open Budget Data
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
• It is hard for public transportation
agencies to develop the best user interfaces
• Why not letting citizens and companies solve this?
Open Transportation Data –Increase Efficiency of Public Transport
Smart Cities
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
• Publish Open Data in RDF reusing vocabularies
which can be understood and
combined by apps in
unforeseen ways
What has to be done?
Where we are now
Where we should be
make your stuff available on the Web (whatever format) under an open license
link your data
use URIs to denote things
use non-proprietary formats(e.g., CSV instead of Excel)
make it available as structured data(e.g., Excel instead of image scan of a table)
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
http://lod2.eu
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
By opening data companies, organizations and interested citizens are able to build applications and mashups on to of the data.
Open Data …applications follow
http://lod2.eu
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
Service-orientation to increase “customer” satisfaction (businesses, citizens)• Linked Data and apps, visualizations, mashups build on top help
businesses and citizens to build value-added services
Intra-government collaboration for efficient/effective government• Linked Data helps establishing a pay-as-you-go data integration
ecosystem
Increased transparency• Standardized vocabularies allow to quickly compare data from
different sources and do fact checking
Not using the chances arising from the interlinking of government data puts the development of our data economy and the realization of associated positive societal and economical effects at risk.
Summary: Benefits of Linked Data
We need SMART Big City Data
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
Inter-linking/ Fusing
Classifi-cation/
Enrichment
Quality Analysis
Evolution / Repair
Search/ Browsing/ Exploration
Extraction
Storage/ Querying
Manual revision/ authoring
LOD Lifecyclesupported byDebian basedLOD2 Stack
http://stack.lod2.eu
LOD2 Title . 02.09.2010 . Page 22 http://lod2.eu
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
Address
University of LeipzigFaculty of Mathematics and Computer ScienceInstitute of Computer ScienceDepartment of Business Information Systems
Postfach 10092004009 LeipzigGermany
Coordinator
Thanks for your attention!
http://lod2.eu
Contact
Prof. Sören AuerProject LeaderPhone: +49 (341) 97-32367Fax: +49 (341) 97-32329Email: [email protected]://www.iai.uni-bonn.de/~auer
