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Presented by Diane Mueller, ActiveState @pythondj Are you unsure what the security and privacy implications are for sensitive corporate data? US Patriot Act is causing many of us to hesitate on leveraging the cloud. Organizations are thinking long and hard about the legal and regulatory implications of cloud computing. When it comes to actual corporate data, no matter what the efficiency gains are, legal departments are often directing IT departments to steer clear of any service that eliminates their ability to keep potential sensitive information out of the hands of Federal prosecutors. Despite all the hype about every application moving into the cloud, some practical patterns are starting to emerge in the types of data corporations are willing to move to the cloud. Covered in this session: (a) Introduction to the US Patriot Act and Data Privacy issues Implications for on Cloud Computing Jurisdictional Issues (b) Best Practices & Practical Patterns Classes of applications that best leverage the cloud (c)What types of applications should stay on-premise Private Cloud Model(s) Building a Compliant Cloud Strategy For more information: email me at dianem {at} activestate {period} com or ping me on twitter at @pythondj visit http://activestate.com/stackato
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Diane Mueller Cloud Evangelist, ActiveState [email protected] http://www.activestate.com/stackato
Implications for Cloud Computing & Data Privacy
US Patriot Act
Founded 19972 million developers, 97% of Fortune 1000Development, management, distribution & cloud deployment for dynamic languagesCloud Solution: Stackato – Private PaaSSome of Our Customers
About ActiveState
Drivers for Cloud ComputingUS Patriot Act & Data PrivacyImplications for Cloud Computing
Agenda
Savings of physical IT costsFaster Deployment TimesHigher Levels of Application Availability Reliability & Fault ToleranceAccess AnywhereCapacity scales as needs changeImproved Time to Market
Cloud Computing Drivers
Maintain privacy & confidentialityPreserve intellectual property rightsPotential for intervention by foreign governments Manage operational & commercial risksComply with industry & jurisdictional regulatory requirements
Complex Balancing Act
Information is no longer in your direct custody or control.handed over to a third party to manageresident in a different jurisdiction or multiple jurisdictions
Mass-market cloud services are subject to “take it or leave it” service agreementsInformation and data may not be “portable” – you can’t take it with you
Cloud Computing Privacy Issues
Signed into law in October 2001 Extended in May 2011
grants privileges to access private data in case of suspected terrorist threats significantly increased the surveillance and investigative powers of law enforcement agencies in the United States
Enter the US Patriot Act
http://www.google.com/transparencyreport/governmentrequests/userdata/
Who is complying?
Example: Dropbox
https://www.dropbox.com/privacy
Where your data lives matters
New powers of surveillance and search/seizure extend to records of anyone (including Foreign Nationals) in the US.
Extends to records in the custody of US companies in Foreign CountriesForeign-based subsidiaries of US companiesForeign-based companies with presence in US
US Patriot Act Expands Surveillance
Changes to Rules of Engagement
Cloud Computing is premised on the concept of infrastructure pooling
regardless of geographic location.
Users may not have visibility in relation to the ultimate location of data.
Data may not in fact be pooled in one place
could be spread across a cloud service provider's network.
Data that is housed or passes through the United States is vulnerable to interception by authorities
applies to:
Everyone living and visiting the country, including any foreign national who spends time on U.S. soil as part of a visa arrangement. Companies based in the U.S., whether they are headquartered there or not
Data effected by US Patriot Act
BBC Worldwide HQ in Londonalso has studios and offices in the U.S making these U.S.-based offices vulnerable to the Act.
Example: BBC
National Security Letters can involve a gag orderprevents the organization from ever disclosing receipt of a letter requiring the handover of records.
Vendors cannot provide a guarantee that their customers would be informedThis contravenes the EU Data Protection Directive which requires organisations to inform users when personal information is disclosed.
Gag Orders & the Cloud
Regulatorsmay restrict the international transfer of certain kinds of data, even require certain kinds of data to be kept separate and not be intermixed with other data.
Examples:AustraliaCanadaEUHIPA
Add Industry & Jurisdictional Regulations
MSFT could not guarantee the sovereignty of European customers’ data in its data centers
If the US Patriot Act was invoked, MSFT would be compelled to hand data over to US authorities and would keep the data transfer secret
This contravenes the new EU Data Protection Directive which requires organizations to inform users when personal information is disclosed
Extremely difficult for US HQ companies to refuse to comply with the Patriot’s Act in deference to the EU Directive
Example: Microsoft Warning
Cloud computing fragmenting along national boundary lines
CEO, Reinhard Clemens
"The Americans say that no matter what happens I'll release the data to the government if I'm forced to do so, from anywhere in the world, certain German companies don't want others to access their systems. That's why we're well-positioned if we can
say we're a European provider in a European legal sphere and no American can get to them."
Remains responsible for protecting and safeguarding informationNeeds to make informed choices
Take be a risk-based approachWhat is the sensitivity of the information?What is the risk to the data?What role does the jurisdiction play in that risk?
If the risk is high and the safeguards cannot be assured, then don’t use the service provider
In principle, the original custodian:
Own the infrastructureRun your own cloud in your data centerHost your own servicesMinimize the number of layers between you and the NSL
Minimizes US Patriot Act
effect
If the Risk High: Consider Private Clouds
Why a Private Cloud?
Keep all your data within your own firewalls Avoids the Gag IssueIf the US Gov’t wants information – they have to ask you, not some cloud provider
Keep all your data within secure containersMulti-tenancy Security by IsolationEnsure Privacy within your organization
Encrypt your data when you transmit it beyond your firewallsControl & Manage your own resources
Greater oversight & control Maintaining security of dataGreater control over computational resourcesExclusive to an organizationManaged either by the organization or a third partyHosted in the organization’s data center or outside
Benefits of Private Clouds
Applications (SaaS)
Application Middleware/Platform (PaaS)
Infrastructure (IaaS)
Security comes in Layers on the Cloud
Cloud Computing Infrastructure IaaS Layer:
Gives you an Elastic PlaygroundPooled ResourcingShared Operating SystemShared Services
Security byUnix User Separation
PaaS Layer:gives your applications individual Playgrounds
Everyone gets their own Operating systemNo Shared ServicesSecurity by IsolationSecure Multi-tenancy
PaaS Layer Gives Containerization
Applications need more than just infrastructure!Applications Need Secure EnvironmentsApplications need middleware components: languages, modules, databases, web serversApps don’t deploy themselvesA PaaS automatically configures and deploys the middleware,
so your SaaS apps practically deploy themselves
Why add a PaaS layer?
What’s in to play with in your PaaS Container? Multi-Choice, End-to-End, Portable & Secure Infrastructure-Agnostic
Maintain accountability and ensure securityKeep your & your clients’ data private & secureEnsure that you are notified requests for information based US Patriot ActStill get all the benefits of cloud (elasticity, pooling resources within your organization, with faster time-to-market) on a private cloudMake migration and deployment with private cloud easier with a private PaaS
Wrap-Up
Hybrid Clouds
Private Clouds
Your App
Public Clouds
Enables Application Portability across Clouds
Any Questions?
www.activestate.com/cloud
Twitter: @activestate (#stackato)Blog: www.activestate.com/blog
Email: [email protected]
#stackato IRC channel on Freenode
Thank you!
