Prepared by:Dhaval D Bhimani

MCA –Div-1Enroll-150511201709

QR Codes

Content• Why QR Codes?• History, Purpose and Function• What does 2D mean?• How to scan QR Codes?• Features• Anatomy Of QR Codes/How It is Scanned?• List Of Business Applications.• Problems/Solutions• Risks• References

Why QR Codes?• Well, QR codes put information at your fingertips with just one click. • No matter how modern or slick your cell phone is, simply clicking on one

of these images to visit a website or online map is much easier than typing information on your phones keypad. As a business owner, the applications are almost endless.

• QR codes can be attached to any print media including brochures, presentations, programs or business cards. Most business owners include their web address on their business card. Consider how simple it would be for a customer to learn about your business or to contact you if all they had to do was scan your QR code and go instantly to your website.

• In today's competitive business environment, it benefits the business owner to make it as easy as possible for potential clients to learn about their business and to choose them.

A QR Code (it stands for "Quick Response") is a mobile phone readable bar code that can store website URL's, plain text, phone numbers, email

addresses and pretty much any other alphanumeric data.

QR (for Quick Response) is a more powerful code than the traditional barcodes. It can be read by mobile phones (smart phones) equipped with

scanner applications of QR codes. It is used mainly to display website addresses (URLs) in Ads.

Store digital information on analogue media, Paper [or any other real life item] - based hyperlinks

[But they don’t necessarily need an internet connection]

History, Purpose, and Function

Drayton Mercure

Continue..• QR codes owe their existence to the development and

success of barcodes. • Since their creation barcodes became very popular due to

the speed at which they could be scanned, the accuracy they provided, and their multiple functionalities.

• With increased popularity, and proper recognition of the convenience associated with barcodes, demand for barcodes that could store more information, had more variation, and would take up a smaller printing area continuously grew.

• It was invented in Japan in 1994 for tracking parts in a Toyota car factory, and put under open source code in 1999 (free License by Denso-Wave even if they still own the patent rights and the Trademark).

QR Code can store up to 7089 numeric characters, 4296 alphanumeric characters or 2953 bytes (8-bit binary).

Continue..

History1952 Patent of first barcode device

1966 Begins commercial use; lack of standard

1970 UGPIC (Universal Grocery Products Identification Code) established to make industry standard

1973 UGPIC turns into UPC(Universal Product Code) (today’s standard barcode)

1974 Barcodes implemented in a supermarket for the first time

1988 Intermec Corporation creates the first 2D barcode

1994 Denso Wave creates the QR Code for manufacturing vehicles

2010 QR Readers appear as apps for Smart Phones

2011 QR Codes become mainstream advertisements Drayton Mercure

How do you scan a QR code?

• take your phone• Launch your reader• Black berries & some Android phones come with software• Many users will have to download an app

• Scan the code with your camera• Enjoy magically delivered content

• Nope• Data is encoded in the graphic itself ( “direct” code)• Plain text can be returned where there’s no cell / wifi signal

DO YOU NEED AN INTERNET CONNECTION TO MAKE THIS MAGIC HAPPEN?Features

High Capacity Encoding Of Data

• While conventional bar codes are capable of storing a maximum of approximately 20 digits.

• QR Code is capable of handling several dozen to several hundred times more information.

• QR Code is capable of handling all types of data, such as numeric and alphabetic characters, Kanji, Kana, Hiragana, symbols, binary, and control codes. Up to 7,089 characters can be encoded in one symbol.

Small Printout Size

• Since QR Code carries information both horizontally and vertically, QR Code is capable of encoding the same amount of data in approximately one-tenth the space of a traditional barcode. (For a smaller printout size, Micro QR Code is available.)

Dirt And Damage Resistant

• QR Code has error correction capability. Data can be restored even if the symbol is partially dirty or damaged. A maximum 30% of code words can be restored.

• Rotated code can be scanned perfectly.

Readable From Any Direction

• QR Code is capable of 360 degree (omni-directional), high speed reading. QR Code accomplishes this task through position detection patterns located at the three corners of the symbol. These position detection patterns guarantee stable high-speed reading, circumventing the negative effects of background interference.

• QR codes are made up of black squares and white squares. Each of these squares is called a module. In every QR code, there are certain modules that must not be covered or edited, else the code won’t scan.

Message Data• Data bits are read starting from the lower-right corner and moving up the

two right-hand columns in a zigzag pattern.• The first three bytes are 01000000 11010010 01110101. The next two

columns are read in a downward direction, so the next byte is 01000111. Upon reaching the bottom, the two columns after that are read upward. Proceed in this up-and-down fashion all the way to the left side of the symbol (skipping over the timing pattern where necessary).

• Here is the complete message in hexadecimal notation.• Message data bytes:

40 d2 75 47 76 17 32 06 27 26 96 c6 c6 96 70 ec

How Businesses Use QR codes

Transport ticketing

Entertainment

Commercial tracking

Product labelling/marketing

Send audiences to a website for browsing

Send short messages

Connect to WI-FI networks

Get coupons

Purchase items

Advertise products

Parker Bennett

The websites below are free sites that you can use to create QR Codes.

• https://www.the-qrcode-generator.com/

• https://webqr.com/• QR codes are not time limited in

anyway and don’t expire. You can generate as many as you need. There are no limits on the number of times they can be scanned.

Generators can produce different:• Capabilities [URLs, app store links, Google map]• Graphic customization• Languages, sizes, URL shorteners, simultaneous Datamatrix generation.

Making QR codes: all generators are [of course] not created equal.

Offline Handy Scanners

Problems..• Small or Complex QR Codes Can’t be Scanned by Smart

phones With Lesser Quality Cameras• Complex 2D barcodes are more challenging and time

consuming to scan. In the case of QR codes, more stored content forces a larger code size. In general, it’s best to minimize data stored in 2D barcodes. Always use a URL-shortener to shrink hyperlinks.

• Tip: Always provide a back-up (i.e. hyperlink, SMS text message, etc.) option for users to retrieve info within the code. A back-up enables non-smart phone users to also participate.

•Bit.ly & goo.gl URL shorteners let you create & track QR codes• Add “.qr” to the end of any shortened

bit.ly or goo.gl link• Goes to QR code that resolves to original link• Allows for metrics including Google Analytics• See how many “clicks”, phone OS, user path, etc

If you can’t afford fancy metrics...

Testing Scannability is Imperative.

• Before you make print or distribute barcodes be sure to test for scannability.

• Testing factors:• Smartphone cameras (resolution/auto-focus)• Reader apps• Scan context (i.e. lighting, shadows, surfaces)• Scan distance• Scan timing

Risks• However, there are risks with their use. They

include possibly linking to an unsafe webpage that uses or includes malware or malicious content.

• Your personal, private, or sensitive data such as contacts, files, passwords, and transactions could be accessed. Privacy settings could be corrupted, identity can be stolen, you could get a virus, etc.

• To avoid make sure to scan QR codes from trustworthy sources. If you are not diligent, you could fall right into/for their trap.

References

• http://www.qrstuff.com/• http://www.onlinebarcodereader.com/• http://www.mobile-qr-codes.org• http://www.ucreative.com• http://www.vincentabry.com• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code