LITERATURE UNDER

U.S. COLONIALISM (1898-1945)

Prepared by : Queenie L. Apa-ap

Philippine literary production during the American Period in the Philippines was spurred by two significant developments in education and culture. One is the introduction of free public instruction for all children of school age and two, the use of English as medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools. Free public education made knowledge and information accessible to a greater number of Filipinos. Those who availed of this education through college were able to improve their social status and joined a good number of educated masses who became part of the country’s middle class. The use of English as medium of instruction introduced Filipinos to Anglo-American modes of thought, culture and life ways that would be embedded not only in the literature produced but also in the psyche of the country’s educated class. It was this educated class that would be the wellspring of a vibrant Philippine Literature in English.

The following are some famous writers during the period and their contributions:

Cecilio Apostol (22 November 1877 - 8 September 1938 / Santa Cruz, Manila / Philippines

A patriot by sentiment, a lawyer by profession, and a man of letters by avocation, CecilioApostol was a colossus in Spanish-Filipino poetry. He was recognized not only in the Philippines but also throughout the Hispanic world as "the greatest Filipino epic poet writing in Spanish." According to Claro M. Recto, Apostol was "the greatest writer of both prose and poetry."

Al HeroeNacional Weep not in the mystery of the tomb, over the Spaniards’ momentary triumph, for if a bullet your cranium destroye your idea, in turn, an empire destroyed. CecilioApostol

POEM!

AurelioTolentino Aurelio Valenzuela Tolentino was a Filipino playwright and dramatist whose works at the turn of the 20th century depict his desire to see Philippine independence from its colonizers. Born: October 13, 1867, Philippines Died: July 5, 1915 Education: University of Santo Tomas

Wilfrido Ma.Guerrero Playwright Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero was a Filipino playwright, director, teacher and theater artist. He has written well over a hundred plays, 41 of which have been published. Born: January 1917, Ermita, Manila Died: May 1995 Plays: Forsaken House

ManuelArguilla Writer ManuelEstabilloArguilla was an Ilokano writer in English, patriot, and martyr. He is known for his widely anthologized short story "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife Born: June 17, 1911 Died: 1944 Education: University of the Philippines Books: How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife, and Other Stories

MagdalenaJalandoni Writer Magdalena Gonzaga Jalandoni was a Filipino feminist writer. She is now remembered as one of the most prolific Filipino writers in the Hiligaynon language. Born: 1891, Philippines Died: 1978

Lope K. Santos Writer Lope K. Santos was a Filipino Tagalog language writer and

former senator of the Philippines. He is best known for his 1906 socialist novel, Banaag at Sikat and to his contributions for the development of Filipino grammar and Tagalog orthography. Born: September 25, 1879, Pasig Died: May 1, 1963 Party: Nacionalista Party Books: Banaag at Sikat

Marcel M. Navarra Gikansa Wikipedia, anggawasnongensiklopedya Ambaksa: tabok-tabok, pangitaasamgapanid Si Marcel M. NavarrausakamagsusulatsapinulongangBinisayangSinugboanon. Sakatag-as ogkalidadsaiyangmgasinulatsaiyangpanahon, giilasiyang "AmahansamodernongpanugilanonsaBinisaya" saiyangmgakakontemporaryo. Angmgaobraniyang "AngHunsoyPagasungsonganUsab", "UgGianodAko", ubp.pipilalamangsaginasaulogniyangmgasugilanon.

Faustino Aguilar MulasaWikipediang Tagalog, angmalayangensiklopedya Tumalonsa: nabigasyon, hanapin Si Faustino S. Aguilar (ipinanganaknoongPebrero 15, 1882 saMalate, Maynila) ay isangPilipinongnobelista, mamamahayag at rebolusyonaryo. Nasakainitanngkabataansi Faustino Aguilar nangdumatingdito at sakupintayongmgaAmerikano.

Benigno Ramos Benigno Ramos was an advocate for the independence of the Philippines from the United States who collaborated with Japan. Educated in Bulacan, Ramos went to work there as a teacher. Born: 1893 Died: 1946

Pedro Gatmaitan MulasaWikipediang Tagalog, angmalayangensiklopedya Tumalonsa: nabigasyon, hanapin Si Pedro Gatmaitan ay itinuturingnapinakamagalingnamakatangmgatulangliriko. Anghindimakakalimutangkatipunanngkanyangmgatulananalimbagnoong1912 ay angTungkosngAlaala. SiyaangunangnakasulatngtulangpasalaysaynaKasal.

JoséCorazón de Jesús Poet JoséCorazón de Jesús, also known by his pen name HusengBatute, was a Filipino poet who used Tagalog poetry to express the Filipinos' desire for independence during the American occupation of the Philippines, a period that lasted from 1901 to 1946. Born: November 22, 1896, Santa Cruz, Manila Died: May 26, 1932 Spouse: Asunción Lacdan Education: Manila Central University

THE END

REFERENCES:

http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?igm=1&i=131 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ http://www.poemhunter.com/cecilio-apostol/ http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/al-heroe-nacional/