Preliminary Results from the Baseline Household Survey

Jacob Mazalale

Outline

• Background• Methods• Preliminary Results• Next Steps• Discussion

Background

As was presented before

Objective Assess status quo on utilisation and expenditure for maternal and newborn care at the community/household level

We present results from the household baseline survey

Methods

• Sampling Strategy– Unit of analysis• a woman who has completed a pregnancy in

the previous twelve months

– A two-staged sampling strategy• Randomly selected 2 enumeration areas (EAs)

in catchment area of each H/F – 2*33 = 66 EAs

• Randomly select 26 women from each enumeration area. – 28*66 = 1,716 women

Methods

• Close-ended questionnaire

• Collected data on• Demographics• Socio-economic status• Distance to facility• Utilisation of MCH services• Out of pocket expenditure

Methods

• Data from both intervention and control facilities.

• Data collected by trained enumerators • 2 enumerators assigned to each EA. • Using EA maps– EA was split into six parts which were

shared between the enumerators.

Results• Descriptives (n=1,813)

Variable Total (n, %) Balaka (%) Dedza (%) Mchinji (%) Ntcheu (%)

Sample Size (n,%) 1,813 453 (25) 453 (25) 455 (25) 452 (25)

Age mean(sd) 25.6 (6) 25 (6) 26 (7) 26 (6) 26 (6)

ReligionChristians 1,574 (87) 332 (73) 385 (85) 420 (92) 437 (97)

Non Christians 239 (13) 121 (27) 68 (15) 35 (8) 15 (3)

Marital StatusMarried 1,579 (87) 384 (85) 396 (87) 405 (89) 394 (87)

Unmarried 234 (13) 69 (15) 57 (13) 50 (11) 58 (13)

Education

No Formal 805 (44) 137 (30) 240 (53) 215 (47) 213 (47)

Primary 770 (42) 244 (54) 169 (37) 170 (37) 187 (41)

Secondary & above

238 (13) 72 (16) 44 (10) 70 (16) 52 (12)

Results

• Descriptives (n=1,813)

Variable Total Balaka Dedza Mchinji Ntcheu

Household members mean (sd) 4.9 (2) 5.0 (2) 4.9 (2) 5.1 (2) 4.7 (2)

Household Setting (n, %)

Rural 1,626 (90) 397 (88) 402 (89) 405 (89) 422 (93)

Urban 187 (10) 56 (12) 51 (11) 50 (11) 30 (7)

Biological Children

mean (sd) 2.7 (2) 2.8 (2) 2.6 (2) 2.8 (2) 2.5 (2)

Distance to Official/Closest H/F (in kms)

mean (sd) 5.7 (3) 5.1 (3) 5.2 (4) 6.2 (3) 6.4 (3)

Results• Utilisation of MNHC Services (n=1, 813)

VariableTotal (n, %) Balaka (%) Dedza (%) Mchinji (%) Ntcheu (%)

ANC Utilisation- went to ANC at least once

Yes 1,798 (99) 99.8 98.5 99.1 99.3

No 15 (1) 0.2 1.6 0.9 0.7

ANC Utilisation- went to ANC at least 4 times

Yes 799 (44) 47 43 44 42

No 1,014 (56) 53 57 56 58

ANC Utilisation- made first ANC Visit in 1st trimester

Yes 270 (15) 17 16 11 15

No 1,543 (85) 83 84 89 85

Results

Non Facility Based Delivery

Total (n, %) Balaka (%) Dedza (%) Mchinji (%) Ntcheu (%)

No 1,654 (91) 397 (88) 416 (92) 428 (94) 413 (91)

Yes 159 (9) 56 (12) 37 (8) 27 (6) 39 (9)

Who are the women that are not utilizing delivery care

Results

Total (n, %) Balaka (%) Dedza (%) Mchinji (%) Ntcheu (%)

PNC Utilisation – attended PNC at least once within 48 hrs of

delivery

Yes 1,518 (84) 93 77 80 86

No 295 (16) 7 23 20 14

Had Family Planning Counseling During PNC

Yes 1,417 (78) 84 71 75 81

No 396 (22) 16 29 25 19

Currently Using Modern Family Planning Methods

Yes 1,032 (57) 54 53 53 64

No 781 (43) 46 47 47 36.

Results• Bivariate Analysis for Non Institutional DeliveryVariable Facility Based

DeliveryNon Facility Based Delivery

P- value for Chi2 or t- statistics

Age in years 25.4 (0.15) 28.13 (0.57) <0.001

Household size 4.88 (0.04) 5.42 (0.14) 0.0002

# of children 2.6 (0.05) 3.7 (0.17) <0.001

Distance to facility 5.68 (0.08) 6.26 (0.25) 0.0324

Social Economic Status 1st Quintile 2nd Quintile

3rd Quintile4th Quintile5th Quintile

321 (88.43)322 (88.71)337 (93.09)334 (92.01)340 (93.92)

42 (11.57)41 (11.29)

25 (6.91)29 (7.99)22 (6.08)

0.021

Literacy Illiterate Literate

597 (36.)1057 (64)

76 (48) 83 (52)

0.004

District BLK DZ MC NU

397 (24) 416 (25)428 (26)413 (25)

56 (35)37 (23)27 (14)39 (25)

0.007

Ever had Stillbirth No Yes

1558 (94) 96 (6)

146 (92) 13 (8)

0.229

Next Steps

• Regression model on determinants of non facility based deliveries

• Modeling determinants of out of pocket

• Thank you!!!