RDA TRAINING WORKSHOP

Facilitated byPETER KATIVHU

peter.kativhu@gmail.compkativhu@uzlib.uz.ac.zw

+263 8644 04 04 04September 2016

To create an efficient instrument to establish whether the library contains a particular item specified by access points such as:

1. Easy Retrieval (descriptive) 2. Holdings information (who has it)3. Content of information (choice)

Why do we catalogue

Recommended Dietary Allowances Recommended Daily Allowance Russian Digital Alliance ...???

What does RDA stands for?

• RDA: Resource Description and Access• FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records• FRAD: Functional Requirements for Authority Data• JSC: Joint Steering Committee • AACR2: Anglo American Cataloguing Rules Second Edition• MARC: Machine Readable Cataloguing• GMD: General Material Designation• SMD: Specific Material Designation• WEMI: Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item• FISO: Find, Identify, Select, Obtain

Acronyms

RDA is new cataloguing rules – successor to AACR2

Based on the conceptual models of FRBR and FRAD

Has online subscription product (RDA Toolkit) with print version

Designed for the digital world

Designed for different Information providing Institutions

What is RDA?

Information resources is expanding to different formats

Formats/carriers could be paper-based, audio or digital For instance:

the content of a visual image can be captured on an information carrier like film.

Another content type is sound that can be recorded as notation in printed scores or captured as an MP3/MP4 file

Why RDA?

AACR was originally published in 1978. The world has changed since then:

• The internet happened• We are no longer using card catalogues• We have more information carriers than • before• Technology is growing everyday

AACR was revised in 1988, 1998 and 2002, but all the revisions basically followed the same structure as AACR2

Why replace AACR?

Card Catalogue

Card Catalogue

Computer Catalogue (OPAC)

AACR was developed in the era of the card catalogue, and much of the terminology in AACR reflects that, for example terms like ‘heading’, ‘main entry’ and ‘added entry’.

During the draft of AACR3 there was a concern about the need to move closer to the alignment with FRBR model.

Shortfalls of AACR2

Simplifies the process of transcription by taking what you see on the resource.

Eliminates many of the AACR2 rules that instruct cataloguers to alter the data that they are transcribing.

New elements are being added to RDA, some to solve problems with AACR2 and some to add elements that are lacking in AACR2

How RDA works?

User oriented. It allows users to ―easily find, identify, select, and obtain the materials they need within the system

The end user is presented with data that can be easily read and correctly interpreted.

Advantages of RDA

Easy to understand due to the use of English language terms instead of Latin.

Spelled out forms replacing the abbreviations used in AACR2.

More flexible framework than AACR2. Cataloguers can use a number of different encoding schema, including Dublin Core, MARC21, and Metadata Object Description Standard.

Advantages of RDA …

It is more adaptable to an online network and new types of media

RDA is also fully online, so there are no manuals to purchase or paper to print, saving the libraries money

Advantages of RDA …

Initial implementation is costly – subscription and training

The system needs to be installed on all computers and all cataloguing records need to be converted over (not enforced)

The library staff needs to be trained to acquire skills on how to use RDA

The library must pay a subscription rate to use RDA online.

Disadvantages of RDA

Committee of Principals (COP)

Co-publishers who manage the AACR Fund

Joint Steering Committee for the Development of RDA (JSC)

In South Africa there is an RDA Steering Committee as well (RDA-SA)

Who is responsible for RDA facilitation

• During the 1990s, IFLA took the lead in bibliographic control to develop a conceptual model known as FRBR

• Published in1998• It reinforces the objectives of catalogues and the

importance of relationships. • It helps users to fulfill basic tasks with respect to the

catalogue; enabling people to find, identify, select and obtain information they want.

• These are known as the FRBR user tasks (FISO).

FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

FRBR Modeling the Bibliographic Universe‐ utilizes an entity relationship framework:‐

• Entities (a class of things)• Relationships (associations among entities)• Attributes (characteristics of the entities) [RDA calls these

“elements”]

FRBR model

Framework identifies and defines entities of interest to users

Systematically analyses data users expect to find in a bibliographic record

“Users” are broadly defined• Traditional library patrons and staff• Publishers, distributors, retailers, and information• providers outside traditional library settings

Qualities of FRBR

• Entities that are related to each other• They can be described through data elements or attributes. • The entities themselves are sorted into three groups:

Group 1 - entities – WEMI (resource)Group 2 - entities – Person, family and corporate body (agent) Group 3 - includes 1 & 2 plus – concept, object, event and place (Subject

FRBR uses an Entity-Attribute-Relationship structure

FRBR Entities

The data elements describing a resource that are covered in RDA generally reflect the attributes and relationships associated with the entities WEMI that are defined in FRBR. Those entities are defined in RDA as follows:

◦Work—a distinct intellectual or artistic creation (i.e., the intellectual or

artistic content)◦ Expression—the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form

of alpha-numeric, musical or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms

◦Manifestation—the physical embodiment of an expression of a work◦ Item—a single exemplar or instance of a manifestation.

WEMI (Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item)

WEMI – Example

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work

Physical -recording ofcontent

Intellectual/artistic content

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

Abstract entity ideas‐ No single material object one can point to Recognized through individual realizations or expressions Exists only in the commonality of content between and among

the various expressions

Two examples of Work attributes: ◦ 1. Title of the Work:

◦ 2. Form of Work: (e.g., novel, play, poem, essay, biography, symphony, concerto, sonata, map, drawing, painting, photograph, etc.).

The Work in FRBR

The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of:Alpha numeric notation‐Musical notationChoreographic notationSoundImageObjectMovementOr any combination of such forms

It is how the ideas are communicated

Two examples of Expression attributes: Book written in EnglishSong sung in Shona

The Expression in FRBR

Represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form.

Encompasses a wide range of materials Manuscripts, Books, Periodicals, Maps, Posters, Sound recordings, CD ROMs, Multimedia kits‐

Three examples of Manifestation attributes: ◦1. Publisher/Distributor:

◦2. Date of Publication/Distribution:

◦3. Capture mode: (e.g., analogue, acoustic, electric, digital, optical etc.).

The Manifestation in FRBR

Item is a concrete entity:

A single physical object (e.g., a copy of a one volume monograph, a single audio ‐cassette, etc.)

or: Can comprise more than one physical object (e.g., a monograph issued as two

separately bound volumes, a recording issued on three separate compact discs, etc.)

Two examples of Item attributes: ◦ 1. Item identifier: (e.g., call number, accession number, bar code, etc.). Or (e.g., a

rare book collection, a branch library, etc.). ◦ 2. Provenance of the Item: The provenance of an item is a record of previous

ownership or custodianship of the item.

The Item in FRBR

WEMI – Example

The JSC has included FRAD’s (Functional Requirements for Authority Data) basic concepts in RDA.

Basically, entities in the bibliographic universe, such as those identified in FRBR, are known by names or identifiers or both.

In the cataloguing process, those names and identifiers are used as the basis for constructing controlled access points.

The FRBR model has been extended into the realm of authority data.

FRAD: Functional Requirements for Authority Data

• Now we have these two models from IFLA• They give us a picture of how we might design systems in the

future• Cataloguers are no longer work in isolation – new technology

developments• Catalogues, and especially bibliographic data, can now be

integrated into the wider Internet environment.• New kinds of links can be made • New displays can be generated for users from the data that

can be packaged in new ways, all of it on a global scale.

Link Between FRAD,FRBR and RDA

Amana Eish…??? Tombozora Ahh!!!

How to tell when you have an RDA recordLook for “‡e rda” in the 040 field

336, 337 and 338 fields

Other more MARC fields added

Features of RDA

• RDA tells us what to record, a little about how, nothing about where to record it

• LC policy tells us more about how and definitely where

• Name attributes are now being recorded in many distinct fields, as well as the 670, by cataloger judgment

• Specific attributes used to break conflict are still additions in the authorized access point (1XX)

RDA and the authority record

Take note: new authority fields

Take note: new authority fields

Take note: new authority fields

W attributes found in what field?

• preferred title : 1XX $t, 130, 240, 245, 7XX $t• date of work : 130 $f• other distinguishing characteristic of the work : depends on

what the distinguishing characteristic is• intended audience : 008/22 ; 6XX $v [Juvenile resources]• key : 240, 130, 7XX• medium of performance : 240, 130, 7XX• numeric designation of a musical work : 240, 130, 7XX • coordinates of cartographic content : 255

W: bibliographic/authority record

E attributes found in what field? • content type : 336

• date of expression : $f of expression access point• language of expression : 008/35-37, 041, 546, 130/240 $l,

7XX $l• summarization of content : 520• other distinguishing characteristic : depends on the

characteristic• Scale [Core for cartographic resources] : 507

E: bibliographic/authority record

• title proper : 245 $a• statement of responsibility for the title proper : 245 $c• edition statement : 250 $a• place of publication/distribution/manufacture/ production : 264 $a• publisher/distributor/manufacturer/producer : 264 $b• date of publication/distribution/manufacture/ production : 264 $c• series statement : 490• carrier type : 338• media type : 337• extent : 300 $a• dimensions : 300 $c • identifier for the manifestation : 020, etc.• mode of issuance : 362• physical medium : 340• URL : 856• frequency : 310/321• note on changes in carrier characteristics : 500• digital file characteristic : 352

M: bibliographic/authority record

I attributes found in what field?

• restrictions on use : 5XX• item identifier : barcode in Item record• access restrictions on the item : 5XX

I: bibliographic/authority record

RDA Record in Millennium

A MARC bibliographic record includes data identifying many FRBR entities – the Group 1 entities of:

• Work• Expression• Manifestation• Item (sometimes)

• It can also include the persons, families, corporate bodies – and relationships.

The attributes, or as RDA calls them, the elements may be stored in a MARC record in a subfield or a field.

Conclusions

The focus of RDA is the user◦ Each section is explicitly related to user tasks◦ Fewer abbreviations and omissions◦ No limitations on the number of access points

Summary

QUESTIONS?????

QUESTIONS?????

QUESTIONS?????

THE END!!!