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Matt Ray's Introduction to Chef talk from the 2012 Southern California Linux Expo's Build a Cloud Day.
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Introduction to ChefSCALE Build a Cloud Day
@mattray
• U has a cloud
• Now what?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ian_munroe/4758240536/
Congratulations!!!
APIs are awesome!
• You can provision compute resources in seconds
• You can provision storage resources in seconds
• That’s cool.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jdhancock/3634246981/
Chef can help with that
• knife ec2 server create
• knife rackspace server create
• knife terremark server create
• knife voxel server create
• knife gandi server create
• knife cloudstack server create
• knife kvm server create
• knife vsphere server create
• knife eucalyptus server create
• knife openstack server create
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kyz/3122499444/
But then what?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/doctorow/2698336843
You need to configure them
See Node
Application Server
See Nodes
Application Server
Application Database
See Nodes Grow
Application Server
Application Databases
Application Servers
Application Databases
See Nodes Grow
Application Servers
Application Databases
Load Balancer
See Nodes Grow
See Nodes Grow
Application Servers
Application Databases
Load Balancers
See Nodes Grow
Application Servers
Application Database Cache
Load Balancers
Application Databases
Tied together with Config
Application Servers
Application Database Cache
Load Balancers
Application Databases
Infrastructure is a Snowflake
Application Servers
Application Database Cache
Load Balancers
Floating IP?
Application Databases
Evolving Complexity
Load Balancers
Application Servers
NoSQL
Database Slaves
ApplicationCache
Database Cache
Database
Complexity Grows Quickly
DC1
DC3
DC2
http://www.flickr.com/photos/16339684@N00/2681435235/
And it Continues to Evolve
Golden Images are not the answer
• Gold is heavy
• Hard to transport
• Hard to mold
• Easy to lose configuration detail
http://www.flickr.com/photos/garysoup/2977173063/
Jboss App
Memcache
Postgres Slaves
Postgres Master
NagiosGraphite
Typical Boring Infrastructure
• Move SSH off port 22
• Lets put it on 2022
Jboss App
Memcache
Postgres Slaves
Postgres Master
NagiosGraphite
New Compliance Mandate
Jboss App
Memcache
Postgres Slaves
Postgres Master
NagiosGraphite 1 2
3
4
5
6
• edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config
6 Golden Image Updates
• Delete, launch
• Repeat
• Typically manually
8
Jboss App
Memcache
Postgres Slaves
Postgres Master
NagiosGraphite 1 2
3 4 5 6 7
9
10 11
12
12 Instance Replacements
5
Jboss App
Memcache
Postgres Slaves
Postgres Master
NagiosGraphite 1 2
4 5 6 7
8 9
10 11
12
3
• Don't break anything!
In a Maintenance Window
Jboss App
Memcache
Postgres Slaves
Postgres Master
NagiosGraphite
• Invalid Configs
• Bob just got fired :(
With Different IP Addresses?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/francoforeshock/5716969942/
Configuration Desperation
Configuration Management and Automated Systems Integration
is the Answer
http://www.flickr.com/photos/philliecasablanca/3354734116/
Chef Solves This Problem
• But you already guessed that, didn’t you?
Collections of Resources
• Networking
• Files
• Directories
• Symlinks
• Mounts
• Routes
• Users
• Groups
• Tasks
• Packages
• Software
• Services
• Configurations
• Other Stuffhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/stevekeys/3123167585/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/glowjangles/4081048126/
Acting in Concert
http://www.flickr.com/photos/28309157@N08/3743455858/
To Provide a Service
Chef is Infrastructure as Code
http://www.flickr.com/photos/louisb/4555295187/
• Programmatically provision and configure
• Treat like any other code base
• Reconstruct business from code repository, data backup, and bare metal resources.
Declarative Interface to Resources
• Define policy
• Say what, not how
• Pull not Push
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bixentro/2591838509/
That looks like this
extra_packages = case node['platform'] when "ubuntu","debian" %w{ ruby1.8 ruby1.8-dev rdoc1.8 ri1.8 libopenssl-ruby } endextra_packages.each do |pkg| package pkg do action :install endend
Or thissearch(:users, '*:*') do |u| user u['id'] do uid u['uid'] shell u['shell'] home "/home/#{u['id']}" end directory "#{home_dir}/.ssh" do
owner u['id'] group u['gid'] mode "0700" end template "#{home_dir}/.ssh/authorized_keys" do source "authorized_keys.erb" owner u['id'] group u['id'] mode "0600" variables :ssh_keys => u['ssh_keys']
endend
Recipes and Cookbooks
• Recipes are collections of Resources
• Cookbooks contain recipes, templates, files, custom resources, etc
• Code re-use and modularity
• Hundreds already on Community.opscode.com
http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterhacks/4474421855/
• Chef-Client generates configurations directly on nodes
• Reduce management complexity through abstraction
• Store the configuration of your programs in version control
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ssoosay/5126146763/
Nodes
Upload your infrastructureknife cookbook upload apt
knife cookbook upload chef-client
knife cookbook upload java
knife cookbook upload jpackage
knife cookbook upload ntp
knife cookbook upload sudo
knife cookbook upload tomcat
knife cookbook upload users
knife cookbook upload sample
knife role from file base-cloud.rb
knife role from file tc.rb
knife role from file sample.rb
knife data bag create users
knife data bag from file users mray.json
Build it somewhere
#EC2knife ec2 server create -S mray -i ~/.ssh/mray.pem -x ubuntu -G default -I ami-a7a97dce -f m1.small -d omnibus -r 'role[base-cloud],role[tc],role[sample]'
#Rackspaceknife rackspace server create --image 110 --flavor 2 -i ~/.ssh/mray.pem -d omnibus -r 'role[base-cloud],role[tc],role[sample]'
#CloudStackknife cs server create -S "small instance" -T "CentOS 5.5(64-bit) no GUI (KVM)" -i ~/.ssh/mray.pem -d omnibus -r 'role[base-cloud],role[tc],role[sample]'
#Ubuntu Linuxknife bootstrap test.lab -r 'role[webserver]' -i ~/.ssh/mray.pem -x ubuntu --sudo -d omnibus -r 'role[base-cloud],role[tc],role[sample]'
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kathycsus/2686772625
Search
• IP addresses
• Hostnames
• FQDNs
• Search for nodes with Roles
• Find configuration data
pool_members = search("node","role:webserver”)
template "/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg" do source "haproxy-app_lb.cfg.erb" owner "root" group "root" mode 0644 variables :pool_members => pool_members.uniq notifies :restart, "service[haproxy]"end
Pass results into Templates
# Set up application listeners here.listen application 0.0.0.0:80 balance roundrobin <% @pool_members.each do |member| -%> server <%= member[:hostname] %> <%= member[:ipaddress] %>:> weight 1 maxconn 1 check <% end -%><% if node["haproxy"]["enable_admin"] -%>listen admin 0.0.0.0:22002 mode http stats uri /<% end -%>
Pass results into Templates
Jboss App
Memcache
Postgres Slaves
Postgres Master
So when this
NagiosGraphite
Jboss App
Memcache
Postgres Slaves
Postgres Master
NagiosGraphite
Becomes this
Jboss App
Memcache
Postgres Slaves
Postgres Master
NagiosGraphite
Updates can be automatic
NagiosGraphite
Count the resources
Jboss App
Memcache
Postgres Slaves
• Load balancer config
• Nagios host ping
• Nagios host ssh
• Nagios host HTTP
• Nagios host app health
• Graphite CPU
• Graphite Memory
• Graphite Disk
• Graphite SNMP
• Memcache firewall
• Postgres firewall
• Postgres authZ config
• 12+ resource changes for 1 node addition
http://www.flickr.com/photos/evelynishere/2798236471/
CLONING CANNOT COPE WITH THIS
• Chef can.
Build anything
• Simple internal applications
• Complex external applications
• Workstations
• Hadoop clusters
• IaaS infrastructure
• PaaS infrastructure
• SaaS applications
• Storage systems
• You name it
http://www.flickr.com/photos/hyku/245010680/
And manage it simply
http://www.flickr.com/photos/helico/404640681/
• Automatically reconfigure everything
• Linux, Windows, Unixes, BSDs
• Load balancers
• Metrics collection systems
• Monitoring systems
• Cloud migrations become trivial
The Chef Community
• Apache License, Version 2.0
• 550+ Individual contributors
• 100+ Corporate contributors
• Dell, Rackspace,VMware, RightScale, Heroku, and many more
• Nearly 400 cookbooks
• http://community.opscode.com
Questions?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrchippy/443960682/
Questions?
