PROJECT:Science in the Media: Bringing Cutting Edge Astronomy From Scientists To Students Outreach Program for the Suzaku Satellite

SATELLITES SWIFT AND SUZAKU

INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO AVANZADO EN EDUCACIÓN DEL SURESTE, S. C.

DEVELOPED BY

Jorge Enrique Jiménez Ortega.José Braulio Álvarez Sánchez.

Alberto Hibraim Baldés Ordoñez.Alex Arturo Álvarez Robles.

Cesar Flores Vivanco.Yezzvi Estuard Goicochea Ordinola.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

CONTENTQuestions assigned under NASA´s Education and Public Outreach

Program for the Suzaku Satellite. Materials for Session 1.

1.How do we «see» X-rays?2.What is the SWIFT satellite and

what information can it provide?3.What kinds of objects does SWIFT

study?4.What band of X-rays can SWIFT

detect?5.What is SUZAKU and what

information can it provide?6.What band of X-rays can SUZAKU

detect?7.What is the X-ray background?

"An image is an optical representation of an object produced by light rays from the object being refracted or reflected by a lens or mirror."

George Abell in Exploration of the Universehttp://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/how_l1/images.html

Let´s begin with what an image is…

Image of a tiger Image of a galaxy This is what objects

look like with our eyes

http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/how_l1/images.html

But… An image can be made out of any kind of

electromagnetic radiation.

You just have to have the right kind of detector to 'see' the kind of radiation

you want to study. For

example,In these

figures you can see four

diferent images of

the radiation that CRAB NEBULAemits.

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/

Detectors get the images of

electromagnetic radiation that oureyes can interpret.

So… 1. How do we “see” X-rays?

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/

Satellites have mirrors that redirectX-rays and send them to the detector.

http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/how_l1/xray_detectors.html

http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys301/lectures/other_tel/other_tel.html

Detectors recollect many x-rays that

then form a complete image.

X-rays are guided to the detector with these mirrors.

And … from outer space?

The atmosphere protects us from X-rays;They can be «seen» only through detectors

in satellites.

2. What is the SWIFT satellite and what information can it provide?

Multi wavelength observatory. Its three instruments work together to observe bursts and afterglows in the gamma ray, as well as X-ray, ultraviolet, and

optical wavebands.

Created in partnership by

the U.S.A., U.K., and Italy, which launched it in

2004.

https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/swift/

http://:telescope.livjm.ac.uk

BASICALLY GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN OBSERVATION CYCLES THAT GO LIKE THIS:(1) Gamma Ray Burst, GRB 060418, explodes and emits high-energy gamma

rays (2) and (3) Swift satellite detects gamma rays and sends notification of sky location to ground telescopes, (4) Liverpool Telescope (LT) on mountain top on Canary island of La Palma receives notification and immediately points to correct part of sky to begin to capture optical light from GRB afterglow. (5) Polarisation image taken with LT

polarimeter, RINGO, is transmitted to the Astrophysics Institute at Liverpool John Moores University for analysis by scientists.

3. What kinds of objects does SWIFT study?

4. What band of X-rays can SWIFT detect?

Energy range: 0.2-10 KeVhttp://swift.sonoma.edu/about_swift/general_faq.html

SUZAKU

means «Red

bird of the

South»In Japanese Mythology

5. What is SUZAKU and what information can it provide?

http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/suzaku/gallery/instruments/satellite.html

Satellite created in partnership by the U.S.A. and Japan.

Launched in 2005.

Studies X-rays emitted by

objects in the universe, such as stars, galaxies,

and black holes.

Main objectives of SUZAKU in X-rays

• Perform the first sensitive hard X-ray survey of the sky.

http://swift.sonoma.edu/images/multimedia/images/epo/WRstarBH2close.jpg

• Observe dynamic motions of plasmas in various X-ray sources.

• Survey of nuclear lines from supernova remnants in our galaxy.

Observe the evolution of galaxies and clusters.

Search for highly obscured primordial objects.

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap000114.html

Photo: NASA, N. Benitez (JHU), T. Broadhurst (The Hebrew University), H. Ford (JHU), M. Clampin (STScI), G. Hartig (STScI), G. Illingworth (UCO/Lick Observatory), ACS Science Team y ESA.

IN EVERY DIRECTION AT ALL TIMES, THE SKY GLOWS IN X-RAYS.

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/astro-e2/news/post-mortem.html

X-rays in quantity of energy:

•  low (red)• intermediate (green)

• high-energy (blue)

X-rays SUZAKU can detect

6. What band of X-rays can SUZAKU detect?

http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/suzaku/gallery/instruments/satellite.html

Energy range: 0.2-600 KeVWorks with two

instruments:

1. X-ray CCDsX-ray

Imaging Spectomete

r; (XIS)

2. X-ray Detector

(HXD)

7. What is the X-ray background XRB?

http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/background.html

XRB is high energy from

the early universe traveling

through space.

Half of the X-ray sources seen

come from active galaxies like

quasars. These extremely

luminous galaxies have

supermassive black holes in

their centers that are sucking in

huge quantities of gas. Some of

these supermassive

black holes are so distant that the observed X-rays left them more than 12 billion

years ago!

http://www.doh.wa.gov/portals/1/Documents/Pubs/320-063_bkvsman_fs.pdf

Before Chandra, when X-ray telescopes observed the sky, it was not dark between the points of X-ray light, as this

image shows. 

About half of it comes from sources like galaxies with modest X-ray luminosity produced by stellar-size black holes in binary star systems, hot gas within the galaxy, remnants of supernova explosions, or a combination of the above.

50%

50%

XRB was first detected during a rocket flight intended to study X-rays from the Moon!

… just like the Moon, the rest of space bodies emit X-rays.

 X-ray image of the Moon in the 0.1-2 keV band (1991). Note the decrease in the XRB in the dark

side of the Moon.http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Fabian/Fabian1.html

http://www.satview.org/?sat_id=28773U

You can track SUZAKU!

visit

“The universe is still shrouded in mystery, and with each new

fundamental discovery, a new question arises”.

Dr. Kazuhisa MitsudaDoctor of Science, Professor, Department of High Energy

Astrophysics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA 

Science in the Media: Bringing Cutting Edge Astronomy From Scientists To Students

Public Outreach Program for the Suzaku Satellite