Technology Transfer General Concepts. Part II

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Technology Transfer/Universities/General Concepts

GENERAL CONCEPTS PART II

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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: Free information

1. CONCEPT OF TRANSFER

2. ADVANTAGES OF TRANSFER FOR THE TECHNOLOGY PROVIDER

3. ADVANTAGES OF TRANSFER FOR THE TECHNOLOGY RECEIVER

4. TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER MECHANISMS

5. PROPERTY RIGHT LICENSING

6. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

7. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING

8. PERSONNEL MOBILITY

DOCUMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Payment required

9. HOW TO WORK WITH TECHNOLOGY PROVIDERS


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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Free information


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1. CONCEPT OF TRANSFER

Concept

The aim of the transfer of a specific technology is to enable the receiver to use it in the same conditions and with the same benefits as the provider, for the purpose of technological innovation.

In fact, to speak of transfer implies that there is an agreement reached by consensus (licence, project, personnel recruitment...) between the provider and the receiver of the technology for this purpose.

In those cases where there is no formal consensus between both parties and the receiver only has access to a part of the knowledge, it is perhaps more appropriate to speak of knowledge transmission rather than knowledge transfer.

In these cases, there may be a dissemination of knowledge but this may be insufficient for its commercial use in the creation of innovations (there is an additional need for formal support from the knowledge producer).

Occasions when knowledge transmission (or "informal transmission" mechanisms as you will see further on) can occur are: attendance of conferences, reading and study of technical documentation (patent reports and designs, scientific articles, technical journals...) specific conversations with experts, visits to production facilities or trade shows, etc.


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2. ADVANTAGES OF TRANSFER FOR THE TECHNOLOGY PROVIDER (I)

Economic returns:

Obtention of supplementary income for investments made in research and development (R&D) for technology development.

Obtention of income for exploitation (appreciation) of technologies not used in the organisation or which have already been exploited in a market or sector.

Obtention of income for component orders and technology maintenance.

Attribution of the technology transfer agreement reached as an asset that increases the provider's intangible asset value.

Market access:

Application of the results of an R&D process in the provider's economic and social environment; dissemination of R&D project results; real technology marketing; support and incorporation of capital for the commercial stage of the technology; reduction of marketing risks, etc.

Entry (generally for companies) into markets that are relatively large (United States, Europe, Asia...), distant (international) or complex (language, culture, regulatory environment, entry barriers...).


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2. ADVANTAGES OF TRANSFER FOR THE TECHNOLOGY PROVIDER (II)

Increased competitiveness:

Improved effectiveness of R&D activities when sharing skills and experience, costs and risks, public financial assistance or technological development tasks jointly with the receiver, depending on the case.

Improved public image as a technological provider and/or mastery of one or several areas of scientific, technological or technical knowledge.

Improved productivity owing to relocation of part of the productive operations (generally in companies) to geographical destinations with better cost rations, economies of scale, public incentives, qualified workforce, etc.

Possibility for creating technological standards in the market when transferring technology quickly and easily for its expansion.

Increased diversification in the (technological and commercial) activity of the organisation.

Improved technology:

Better use of improvements, updates or accessories to the technology developed by the receiver after the transfer process for its ongoing development.


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2. ADVANTAGES OF TRANSFER FOR THE TECHNOLOGY PROVIDER (III)

Knowledge access:

From the receiver: scientific, technological and technical know-how and experience from qualified personnel; market requirements; socio-economic environment; providers; competitors; regulations; networks of contacts with technological and/or commercial interest; etc.

Infrastructure access:

From the receiver: technological assets, production facilities, equipment, laboratories, materials, commercial network, etc.


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3. ADVANTAGES OF TRANSFER FOR THE TECHNOLOGY RECEIVER (I)

Increased competitiveness:

Access to the technology required for the creation of innovative goods and services that improve differentiation and competitive advantage in the marketplace.

Increased intangible assets owing to the incorporation of property rights, technological assets and/or knowledge.

Obtention of legal authorisation for the manufacture, utilisation or exploitation of the legal rights associated with the technology, which would otherwise be restricted by industrial property, competition or similar laws.

Reduction of risk time and cost in developing technology from scratch.

Knowledge access:

From the provider: scientific, technological and technical know-how and experience from qualified personnel; state of the art, networks of contacts with technological and R&D interest; etc.

Infrastructure access:

From the provider: technological assets, pilot or demonstration facilities, equipment, laboratories, materials, technological network, etc.


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3. ADVANTAGES OF TRANSFER FOR THE TECHNOLOGY RECEIVER (II)

Reduction of technical risk:

Acquisition of technology that has already been partially or fully developed and tested.

Use of the work carried out previously by provider including the acquired knowledge and experience.

Time reduction:

Lowering of technology development time in oreder to accelerate the porcess of innovation and marketing new products (time-to-market).

Cost reduction:

Savings in having to invest in technologies developed by third parties (duplicating technology, impossibility of gaining subsequent legal protection).

Savings in investment in and maintenance of technical resources and scientific and technical human resources.

Use made of the huge number of scientific and technical advances and the speed with which they are achieved (impossibility of being "technologically self-sufficient"), and of the results of publicly-funded research.


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4. TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER MECHANISMS


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R&D projects

R&D projectsPoperty

rights licence

Poperty rights

licence

Personnel mobility

Personnel mobility

Purchase-buy

equipment goods

Purchase-buy

equipment goods

Technical assistance

and trainning

Technical assistance

and trainning

Mergers and acquisitionsMergers and acquisitions

Creation of companiesCreation of companies

Technolo-gical

alliances

Technolo-gical

alliances

Mecanisms access to

knowledge

Mecanisms access to

knowledge



5. PROPERTY RIGHT LICESING

Property right licensing agreements are the most representative and traditional way of obtaining technology.

They consist of obtaining legal authorisation for the manufacture, use and/or commercial exploitation of technology and knowledge protected by means of industrial and intellectual property rights. Licences exist for patents, designs, marks and know-how.

In certain cases there is mention of industrial franchise when it concerns the obtention of a licence together with the property rights involved in a business: technology, mark, commercial contacts, work processes, etc.


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6. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Research and development projects, or technological cooperation projects, refer to collaboration in the framework of an activity that generates new technologies, products or processes.

An R&D project can be made either "under contract", where the company subcontracts a provider to generate 100% of the technology, or as a "collaboration", where the technology is jointly developed by two or more parties through a partnership as a group or consortium.

The R&D collaboration project – similar to a technological alliance – is widely used in projects funded through national and international public R&D programmes (the Spanish Ministry of Science-funded Programa Cenit, the EU Framework Programme...) and in public-private R&D consortia (technology platforms...).

Technology transfer takes place in the framework of the project results, given that it is originated as initial scientific and technical knowledge.


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7. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINNING

Technical assistance consists of offering specialist technical advice and/or services outside of the limits set by property rights and industrial secrets.

This includes a wide range of possibilities, such as: technical assistance (advice/consulting, engineering, studies, technological support...), specialist services (tests, analyses, certification...), training in key areas (production, management, research...) and even industrial subcontracting (manufacturing, component supply...).


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8. PERSONNEL MOBILITY

Personnel mobility refers to a mechanism whereby expert personnel or with expertise in the scientific or technical fields of interest for the company are incorporated from a technology provider.

It may involve permanent incorporation (hired by the company according to habitual process) or a temporary incorporation (stay, exchange...) that allows important scientific or technical knowledge to be passed on.

The person being incorporated can range from a graduate to a senior scientist and doctor, or even a technologist with several years of research experience.


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DOCUMENTS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Payment required


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9. DOWNLOADABLE DOCUMENTS

How to work with technology providers


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List of issues to be taken into account in the implementation of data protection


Thank you for your interest

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