THE ROOTS OF VOCABULARY: GREEK ROOTS AND LATIN ROOTS

Learning ObjectiveWe will use Greek and Latin word roots to *determine the

meaning of words.

*determine = figure out

Track with me; read with me; tell partner.

What are we going to do today?

We know that words are broken into parts that help us figure out their meaning: Prefixes:Prefixes:

un- un- undoundore- re- refillrefillpro- pro- for,for,

forwardforward

Prefixes are at the beginning of words.

pre- means before fix means attach, repair

Whiteboards:

Suffixes:Suffixes: -ful -ful joyfuljoyful -ly -ly sadlysadly -ness -ness kindnesskindness

Suffixes are at the end of words.

So, “prefix” means “attached before.”

Which word part is found at the end of words?

We know that words are broken into parts that help us figure out their meaning.

PrefixesPrefix Meaning Example

re- back, again

refill

tri- three triplet

un- not undo

SuffixesSuffix Meaning Example

-ful Having careful

-less Without, missing

joyless

-ly In the manner of

hopefully

Tell your partner:

An example of a prefix is ______ which means ______.

How do word parts like prefixes and suffixes help us _______?

A root is a set of letters that have meaning. It is the most basic form . Affixes are added to the root to create a new word.

A root can be at the front, middle or end of a word.

Many words in the English language are based on Greek & Latin word roots What is a word root?

Example:

The Latin root ject means “throw”So project can mean “to throw forward”

English words can have all three parts:

prefix + root + suffixab + duct + ed

away from + to lead/pull + verb: past tenseabducted means ”pulled or lead away from”

i.e. The general was abducted by masked gunmen.

Concept

Roots can appear more than once, and anywhere in the word.

Word Meaning

geology earth study / study of the earth

telegraph distance writing / writing that travels far

tricycle three wheels

asocial not being companionable / not wanting to join others

Which one of the following shows a root with an affix?

1. bicycle 2. hippopotamus

How did you know?

Importance

Knowing and using Greek and Latin word roots can help you figure out the meaning of words you don’t recognize.

This will make you a better reader and writer.

Why is it important to know how to use Greek and Latin word roots? Can anyone share a different reason?

Skill

Skill Steps

1.1. HighlightHighlight the word root (or roots). the word root (or roots). What does the word root mean?What does the word root mean?

2.2. Look at the remainder of the word:Look at the remainder of the word: What does the prefix mean?What does the prefix mean?

What does the suffix mean?What does the suffix mean?

3.3. Use the word root table to determine the Use the word root table to determine the meaning.meaning.

root + suffix

I Do

astrologyastro = stars

-logy = study ofSo it means:

"the study of stars”

We Do

biologybio = life

-logy = study ofSo it means:

“the study of life”How did I determine the meaning of astrology?Frame: “We determined the meaning of astrology by ______________.”

How did we know biology meant ‘the study of life’?Frame: “We knew that biology meant ‘the study of life’because _______________________.”

prefix + root I Do

empathyem- = having pathy = feeling

So it means:“having feeling”

The soldier had empathy for the prisoner.

We Do

enamoren- = havingamor = love

What does enamor mean?

“having love”

How do you know that?

root + root

I Do

pseudonympseudo = falsenym = name”false name”

Samuel Clemens wrote under the pseudonym “Mark

Twain.”

We Do

aqueductaque = water

duct = to lead/pullWhat is an aqueduct used

for?

How do you know that?

prefix + root + suffix I Do

retrospectiveretro = backwards

spect = look-ive = having quality

of“quality of looking

backward” History is a retrospective way

of looking at life.

We Do

carnivorecarni = meat

vor = eat-e = one who

“one who eats meat”What does carnivore mean?

How did you know?

Closure What do we call the most basic form of a word

that has meaning?

• What does portable mean?

• Why do you think knowing and using Greek and Latin word roots is important?

Independent Practice

Follow the steps and directions.

Write the meaning on the line following the word.

A List of Greek and LatinWord Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes

Root Meaning Root Meaning Root Meaning Prefix/Suffix Meaning

duct to lead/pull micro small phobia fear of ab- away from

tele distance spect look, see auto self a-, un-,-less

not, without

graph write, draw aque, aqua water rupt break em-. en-, -y, -ful

having,marked by

bio life astr, aster stars scope see, watch retro- backwards

geo earth logy, ology study of pseudo false -ive, -ic having quality of

rium house cycle wheel dynam power -al result of

trans across nym, nom name ject throw -able, -ible ability

pathy feeling for amor love pro forward -oid resembling, like

cent, centi hundred derm, derma skin vor eat greedily -or, -er, -e one who

carn meat chron time soci joining in, being together

ex- out of

omni all, every meter measure ped, pod foot, footed bi- two

struc, struct build cent hundred con, com together, with tri- three

hydro water trans across -ly in the manner of

The Greek Alphabet

Capitals Small letters Name

A α αμπθαμζ

B β βενα

Γ γ gamma

Δ δ delta

Ε ε epsilon

Ζ ζ zeta

Η η eta

Θ θ theta

Capitals

Small letters

Name

Ι ι iota

Κ κ kappa

Λ λ lambda

Μ μ mu

Ν ν nu

Ξ ξ xi

Ο ο omicron

Π π pi

Ρ ρ rho

The Greek Alphabet

Capitals

Small letters

Name

Σ ς, σ sigma

Τ τ tau

Υ υ upsilon

Φ φ phi

Χ χ chi

Ψ ψ psi

Ω ω omega

The Greek Alphabet

Prefixes

multiple

prefix symbol

sub-multip

le

prefix symbol

101 deca da 10-1 deci d

102 hecto h 10-2 centi c

103 kilo k 10-3 milli m

106 mega M 10-6 micro μ

109 giga G 10-9 nano n

1012 tera T 10-12 pico p

1015 peta P 10-15 femto f

1018 exa E 10-18 atto a

Roots

Base Meaning Origin

aqua water Latin

circ, circum around Latin

compute to compute Latin

labor, lab work Latin

mod, medi middle Latin

meter, metr measure Greek

Base Meaning Origin

opt eye Greek

ortho straight Greek

phon sound, voice Greek

photo light Greek

son sound Latin

term boundary, limit

Latin

vac empty Latin

Roots

Base Meaning Origin

ant, anti against Greek

auto self Greek

deca, dec, deka

ten Greek

di, dis two, twice Greek

dia through, across

Greek

extra beyond Latin

hemi half Greek

hypo, hyp under, less then

Greek

Prefix List

Base Meaning Origin

inter between Latin

intro within Latin

iso equal Greek

kilo thousand Greek

macro long, large Greek

mega great Greek

micro small Greek

mono one Greek

Prefix List

Base Meaning Origin

multi many, much Latin

non, ne not Latin

penta five Greek

pro before, forward

Latin

quad, quatr four Latin

semi half Latin

sub under, below, up from below

Latin

Prefix List

Base Meaning Origin

super, supra above, done Latin

syn, sym, syl together, with Greek

tele far off Greek

trans over, across Latin

tri three Latin

un not Latin

uni one Latin

Prefix List

Homework (submitted on September 3th)

Find ten words based on Greek and Latin roots in book of physics and write the meaning of it.

Translate one paragraph from book of physics into Indonesian.