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Chapter 19: Reconstruction Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction

TX History Ch 19.2

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Page 1: TX History Ch 19.2

Chapter 19: ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction

Page 2: TX History Ch 19.2

Bellwork

What come to mind when you here the word

“radical”?

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Andrew Johnson &

Presidential Reconstructio

n

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Radical Republicans & Congressional Reconstruction

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Radical Republicans React

• Problems:

– Black codes

– Southerners elected people who had led rebellion

– Laws passed that benefited wealthy landowners

– Denying equal rights and violence against African Americans

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Radical Republicans React

•Radical Republicans:

–Believed Congress needed to take a greater role in Reconstruction

–Loyal state governments could only be created with participation of Unionists & African Americans

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Radical Republicans React

•Radical Republicans:

–Wanted to give African American men the right to vote

–Pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 through Congress

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Radical Republicans React

•President Johnson vetoes Civil Rights Act of 1866:

–Believed act gave too much power to federal government

–Rejected principle of equal rights

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Radical Republicans React

•Congress reacts:

–Congress overturns veto

–14th Amendment to U.S. Constitution—guaranteed citizenship and equal rights to African Americans

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The Reconstruction Acts

• 1866 elections: Republicans gain majorities in both houses of Congress

• Congress passes Reconstruction Acts:

– Southern state governments again declared provisional

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The Reconstruction Acts• Congress passes Reconstruction

Acts:

– South divided into 5 military districts

– States had to write new constitutions guaranteeing African American rights & suffrage

– Ratify 14th Amendment

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The Reconstruction Acts

•Marked beginning of Congressional Reconstruction

•Congressional Reconstruction meant that the terms for rejoining the Union were made more difficult.

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The Reconstruction Acts

•Texas & Louisiana encompassed the Fifth Military District

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The Reconstruction Acts

•Philip Sheridan—commander of the Fifth Military District

General Philip Sheridan

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The Reconstruction Acts

•Gen. Sheridan replaces Gov. Throckmorton with Elisha M. Pease

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The Reconstruction Acts

•Andrew Johnson—president who tried to block Congressional Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson

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The Reconstruction Acts

•President Johnson impeached by the House in 1866

•President Johnson was NOT removed from office.

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The Texas Republican Party

•Congressional Reconstruction led to development of Republican Party in Texas

•Mostly Unionists, African Americans, & Mexican-Americans

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The Texas Republican Party

• Feb 1868: Republicans had strong turnout in elections for constitutional convention

– More than 80% of black men voted

– High ranking Confederate and most prewar officeholders could not vote

– 78 of 90 delegates were Republican, 9 were African American

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The Texas Republican Party

•Republican Party splits

–One Faction wanted to put Radical Republicans in power

•Led by E.J. Davis & George T. Ruby

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The Texas Republican Party

•George T. Ruby—African American leader of the Union League

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The Texas Republican Party

•Republican Party splits

–Moderate Republicans

•Led by Andrew J. Hamilton

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The Constitution of 1869

•Convention of 1868-69 controlled by Republicans

•Gave equal rights to African Americans, including voting

•15th Amendment—gave African American men right to vote

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The Constitution of 1869

• The Constitution

– Gave governor power to appoint state judge & officials

– Changed term of governor from 2 to 4 years

– Increased school funding

– School attendance compulsory

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The Constitution of 1869• Constitution

approved by wide margin

• E.J. Davis elected governor

• 14th & 15th Amendments ratified

• March 1870: Texas restored to the Union

Edmund J. Davis

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Congressional Reconstruction

Causes Effects