Type theoriesPersonality Theories

Prepared By Manu Melwin JoyResearch Scholar

School of Management StudiesCUSAT, Kerala, India.Phone – 9744551114

Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com

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SAMSAMANTHA

TypeType A

Choleric

Types Vs Traits

Personality type refers to the psychological classification of different types of people

Personality trait refers to psychological classification of different levels or degrees

For example, according to type theories, there are two types of people, introverts and extroverts. According to trait theories, introversion and extroversion are part of a continuous dimension, with many people in the middle.

4 Temperament theory

Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient four humors theory. It may have origins in ancient Egypt or Mesopotamia, but it was the Greek physician Hippocrates (460–370 BC) who developed it into a medical theory. Next, Galen (AD 131–200) developed the first typology of temperament. The word "temperament" itself comes from Latin "temperare", "to mix". In the ideal personality, the complementary characteristics or warm-cool and dry-moist were exquisitely balanced.

Temperament theory

Blood

Yellow bile

Black bile

Phlegm.

Sanguine (pleasure-seeking and sociable)

Choleric (ambitious and leader-like)

Melancholic (introverted and thoughtful)

Phlegmatic (relaxed and quiet)

4 Temperaments

4 humors

Melancholic (introverted and thoughtful)

Sanguine (pleasure-seeking and

sociable)

Choleric (ambitious and leader-

like)

4 Temperaments

Phlegmatic (relaxed and quiet)

5 Temperament theoryFive temperaments is a theory in psychology, that expands upon the Four Temperaments proposed in ancient medical theory. The development of a theory of five temperaments begins with the Two-factor models of personality and the work of the late William Schultz, and his FIRO-B program. It is a measure of interpersonal relations orientations that calculates a person's behavior patterns based on the scoring of a questionnaire. Although FIRO-B does not speak in terms of "temperament," this system of analysis graded questionnaires on two scales in three dimensions of interpersonal relations. When paired with temperament theory, a measurement of five temperaments resulted

5 Temperament theory

Blood

Yellow bile

Black bile

Phlegm.

Sanguine (pleasure-seeking and sociable)

Choleric (ambitious and leader-like)

Melancholic (introverted and thoughtful)

Phlegmatic (relaxed and quiet)

5 Temperaments

4 humors

Supine (Low self esteem)

Melancholic (introverted and thoughtful)

Phlegmatic (relaxed and quiet)

Choleric (ambitious and leader-

like)

Supine(Low Self esteem)

Sanguine (pleasure-seeking and

sociable)

Type A and Type B theory

Type A personality behavior was first described as a potential risk factor for heart disease in the 1950s by cardiologists Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman. After a ten-year study of healthy men between the ages of 35 and 59, Friedman and Rosenman estimated that Type A behavior doubles the risk of coronary heart disease in otherwise healthy individuals.[

Type A and Type B theory

Ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status

conscious, can be sensitive, care for other

people, are truthful, impatient, always try

to help others, take on more than they can

handle, want other people to get to the

point, proactive, and obsessed with time

management. People with Type A

personalities are often high-achieving

"workaholics" who multi-task, push

themselves with deadlines, and hate both

delays and ambivalence.

Type A

Live at a lower stress level and

typically work steadily, enjoying

achievements but not becoming stressed

when they are not achieved. When faced

with competition, they do not mind losing

and either enjoy the game or back down.

They are often reflective, thinking about

the outer and inner worlds. Furthermore,

Type B personalities may have a poor

sense of time schedule and can be

predominately right brained thinkers.

Type B

Type D theory

Type D personality, a concept used in the field of medical psychology, is defined as the joint tendency towards negative affectivity (e.g. worry, irritability, gloom) and social inhibition (e.g. reticence and a lack of self-assurance). The letter D stands for 'distressed'. Johan Denollet, professor of Medical Psychology at Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands, developed the construct based on clinical observations in cardiac patients, empirical evidence, and existing theories of personality.

Type D theory

1. Individuals with a Type D personality have the tendency to experience

increased negative emotions across time and situations and tend not to

share these emotions with others, because of fear of rejection or

disapproval.

2. The prevalence of Type D personality is 21% in the general population and

ranges between 18 to 53% in cardiac patients.

3. Type D is associated with a 4-fold increased risk of mortality, recurrent

myocardial infarction (MI), or sudden cardiac death, independently of

traditional risk factors, such as disease severity.

Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

This was one of the more influential ideas originated in the theoretical work of Carl Jung as published in the book Psychological Types. The original developers of the personality inventory were Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers. these two, having studied extensively the work of Jung, turned their interest of human behavior into a devotion of turning the theory of psychological types to practical use.

Enneagram of Personality

The Enneagram of Personality (or simply the Enneagram, from the Greek words ennea [nine] and gramma [something written or drawn]) is a model of human personality which is principally used as a typology of nine interconnected personality types. Principally developed by Oscar Ichazo and Claudio Naranjo, it is also partly based on earlier teachings of G. I. Gurdjieff. The typology defines nine personality types which are represented by the points of a geometric figure called an enneagram.

Enneagram of Personality

Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus

Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus is a book written by American author, and relationship counsellor, John Gray. The book asserts that most of common relationship problems between men and women are a result of fundamental differences between the genders, which the author exemplifies by means of the book's eponymous metaphor: that men and women are from distinct planets – men from Mars and women from Venus – and that each gender is acclimated to its own planet's society and customs, but not those of the other.

Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus

1. When men are stressed, they withdraw until they find a solution to the

problem. When women are stressed their natural reaction is to talk about

issues (even if talking does not solve the problem).

Thank you

Other TA topics available on slideshare1. Strokes - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/strokes-24081607.

2. Games People Play - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/psychological-games-people-play.

3. Structural Analysis - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/the-ego-state-model.4. What is TA? - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/what-ta-is5. Cycles of Development -

http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/cycles-of-developement-pamela-levin-transactional-analysis.

6. Stages of Cure - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/stages-of-cure.7. Transactions - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/transactions-33677298.8. Time Structuring - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/time-structuring.9. Life Position - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/life-position.10. Autonomy - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/autonomy-33690557. 11. Structural Pathology - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/structural-pathology.12. Game Analysis - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/game-analysis-33725636.13. Integrated Adult - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/integrated-adult.14. Stroke Economy - http://www.slideshare.net/manumjoy/stroke-economy-33826702.