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ViC
iSi.
eu
ViC
iSi
-
The
Vir
tual
Cit
y
Sim
ula
tor
Dyn
am
ic c
ost
ass
essm
ent
rela
ted t
o
outa
ges
in c
riti
cal
infr
ast
ruct
ure
by
ass
essi
ng S
oci
etal
Act
ivit
ies
Effe
ctP
lus
Am
ste
rda
m J
uly
4—
5 2
011
Te
kn
. L
ic M
ats
B-O
La
rsso
n
MM
L A
na
lys &
Str
ate
gi A
B
1
ViC
iSi.
eu
Who a
m I?
!
Mats
B-O
Lars
son
!
Consultant,
MM
L A
naly
s &
Str
ate
gi AB
!
Chairm
an o
f th
e B
oard
of
Directo
rs o
f Telg
e E
nerg
i N
ät
AB (
A S
wedis
h m
id s
ized
Infr
astr
uctu
re D
istr
ibution C
om
pany
- W
ate
r And S
ew
age,
- Ele
ctr
ical G
rid,
- D
istr
ict
Heating,
-
Bro
adband
!
Chairm
an o
f th
e B
oard
of
Directo
rs o
f L
yckeby R
esearc
h F
oundation
!
Mem
ber
of
the B
oard
of
Directo
rs o
f L
yckeby S
tarc
h A
B (
a g
lobal Sta
rch P
roducer)
!
Mem
ber
of
the B
oard
of
Directo
rs o
f C
ulinar
AB (
a g
lobal Sta
rch P
roducer)
!
Tech.
Lic
. of
Engin
eering,
Royal In
stitu
te o
f Technolo
gy in
Sto
ckholm
, 2005
!
M.S
c.,
(Engin
eering P
hysic
s),
Royal In
stitu
te o
f Technolo
gy in
Sto
ckholm
, 1980
2
ViC
iSi.
eu
“M
icro
org
an
ism
s” a
re
the
gre
ate
st
thre
ats
…
!
1)
Mic
roo
rga
nis
ms,
su
ch
as v
iru
se
s
an
d b
acte
ria
, w
hic
h in
fects
ou
r w
ate
r d
istr
ibu
tio
n s
yste
ms
N
ot
ne
ce
ssa
ry f
rom
an
tag
on
ists
M
ore
pro
ba
ble
by c
are
lessn
ess a
nd
la
ck o
f h
yg
ien
e w
ith
in t
he
wa
ter
dis
trib
utio
n s
yste
m
!
2)
Cyb
ero
rga
nis
ms w
hic
h in
fects
ou
r p
ow
er
grid
SC
AD
A s
yste
ms
A
nta
go
nis
t th
rea
ts b
y t
roja
ns,
viru
se
s,
De
nia
l o
f S
erv
ice
att
acks,
etc
.
… t
o o
ur
Cri
tic
al
infr
as
tru
ctu
re
!
Ele
ctr
ica
l P
ow
er
Grid
!
Te
leco
mm
un
ica
tio
ns
!
Pa
ym
en
t syste
ms
!
Wa
ter
an
d s
ew
ag
e
3
ViC
iSi.
eu
Asse
ssm
en
t o
f so
cia
l co
sts
aft
er
an
ou
tag
e
in c
ritica
l in
fra
str
uctu
re
!
We n
eed m
eth
ods to a
ssess the c
osts
to the s
ocie
ty fro
m
dis
turb
ances in the c
ritical in
frastr
uctu
re
!
To
op
tim
ize
ou
r in
ve
stm
en
ts t
o m
itig
ate
ou
tag
es
!
The tw
o c
om
mon w
ays to m
easure
socia
l outa
ge c
osts
are
:
A
lt.
1 A
ss
es
s t
he
co
ns
um
ers
pre
fere
nc
es
:
!
Ask t
he
cu
sto
me
r! C
usto
me
r su
rve
ys a
re t
he
mo
st
co
mm
on
. T
he
re a
re a
nu
mb
er
of
su
rve
ys d
on
e in
mo
st
co
un
trie
s.
Ma
ny
pro
ble
ms!
A
lt.
2 A
ss
es
s t
he
de
cre
as
e o
f a
cti
vit
y i
n t
he
so
cie
ty:
!
Asse
s t
he
GD
P in
flu
en
ce
!
Th
e d
raw
ba
ck
is
th
at
it r
eq
uir
es
a p
rofi
le o
f th
e a
cti
vit
ies
in
th
e s
oc
iety
4
ViC
iSi.
eu
The G
ross D
om
estic P
roduct (G
DP
) is
a m
easure
ment
of econom
ic a
ctivitie
s in a
socie
ty!
Th
e e
co
no
mic
activity in
a s
ocie
ty is b
est
de
scrib
ed
by t
he
Gro
ss D
om
estic P
rod
uct
!
GD
P is m
ea
su
red
in
th
ree
alte
rna
tive
pe
rsp
ective
s:
1)
Pro
du
cti
on
pe
rsp
ec
tiv
e,
2)
En
d-
us
e (
co
ns
um
pti
on
) p
ers
pe
cti
ve
an
d 3
) D
istr
ibu
tio
n p
ers
pe
cti
ve
!
Th
e c
ost
of
an
ou
tag
e in
th
e p
ow
er
su
pp
ly c
an
be
me
asu
red
as t
he
re
du
ctio
n in
on
e G
DP
-p
ers
pe
ctive
!
How
ever,
it is
im
port
ant to
be a
ware
of
whic
h p
ers
pective the c
ost m
easure
ment
concern
s
!
Costs
fro
m tw
o p
ers
pectives c
an’t b
e
added to g
et a tota
l cost.
!
Busin
ess a
ctivity is m
easure
d in the
Pro
duction p
ers
pective
!
Household
activity is m
easure
d in the
End-u
se p
ers
pective
!
Thus:
!
Ou
tag
e c
osts
≠ O
uta
geC
ost B
usin
ess +
C
ou
tag
eC
ost H
ou
seh
old
5
ViC
iSi.
eu
Activity P
rofile
s in a
Socie
ty
6
!
To
asse
ss t
he
de
cre
ase
of
activity in
th
e s
ocie
ty w
e n
ee
d a
su
m o
f a
ll e
co
no
mic
activitie
s in
an
u
nd
istu
rbe
d s
ocie
ty,
co
llecte
d f
rom
ea
ch
in
div
idu
al o
bje
ct,
to
ge
t a
n a
gg
reg
ate
d A
ctivity P
rofile
fo
r a
S
ocie
ty
i.e. a function, b(t
), w
hic
h r
eflects
the s
ocie
tal activity a
t every
a s
ingle
opera
tion a
t every
mom
ent, s
uch a
s
∫ one y
ear b(t
) dt =
GD
P
Th
ere
are
no
pu
blic
ly a
va
ilab
le B
usin
ess p
rofile
s!
ViC
iSi cre
ate
s B
usin
ess A
ctivity P
rofile
s f
or
all
EU
27
co
un
trie
s +
No
rwa
y a
nd
S
witze
rla
nd
One y
ear
EU
R/h
ViC
iSi.
eu
Pow
er
Resto
ration
Socie
ty R
esto
ration
Norm
al opera
tion
Norm
al opera
tion
Resto
ration a
fter
an o
uta
ge c
om
prises d
iffe
rent kin
ds o
f re
sto
ration; fo
r exam
ple
Po
wer
Resto
rati
on
and
So
cie
ty R
esto
rati
on
!
Po
we
r R
es
tora
tio
n is t
he
sta
ge
wh
ere
th
e d
em
an
d f
or
po
we
r is
in
cre
asin
g a
fte
r th
e g
rid
ha
s
be
en
en
erg
ize
d.
So
me
lo
st
en
erg
y w
ill a
lso
be
re
co
ve
red
.
!
So
cie
ty R
es
tora
tio
n is t
he
sta
ge
wh
ere
th
e e
co
no
mic
activity in
th
e s
ocie
ty is in
cre
asin
g a
fte
r th
e g
rid
ha
s b
ee
n e
ne
rgiz
ed
. S
om
e lo
st
eco
no
mic
va
lue
s w
ill a
lso
be
re
co
ve
red
.
!
So
cie
ty R
esto
ratio
n is n
orm
ally
co
nsid
era
bly
slo
we
r th
an
th
e P
ow
er
Re
sto
ratio
n
7
ViC
iSi.
eu
Why a
Virtu
al socie
ty?
!
Wh
y d
o w
e u
se
a v
irtu
al so
cie
ty w
he
n t
he
re a
re s
o
ma
ny r
ea
l so
cie
tie
s,
with
re
al in
fra
str
uctu
res?
!
An
d m
ore
ove
r w
he
n t
ho
se
so
cie
tie
s h
as p
ut
lots
off
e
ffo
rts t
o d
igita
lly m
ea
su
re a
ll a
sse
ts?
!
A v
irtu
al so
cie
ty h
as a
nu
mb
er
of
ad
va
nta
ge
s:
N
ot conflic
ting w
ith n
ational security
issues.
T
he c
oncern
of th
e n
ational security
after
9/1
1 h
as m
ade it m
ore
or
less im
possib
le to u
se “
sharp
” geogra
phic
al and e
lectr
ical
data
!
E
specia
lly w
hen w
e u
se larg
e s
cale
socie
ties.
W
e c
an
ad
ap
t sim
ula
tio
ns a
nd
re
su
lts t
o
va
rio
us e
nviro
nm
en
ts a
nd issu
es
W
e c
an
ad
ap
t sim
ula
tio
ns a
nd
re
su
lts t
o o
the
r co
un
trie
s
W
e d
on
’t n
ee
d t
o c
oo
pe
rate
with
a s
pe
cific
co
mp
an
y t
o g
et
ge
og
rap
hic
al a
nd
ele
ctr
ica
l d
ata
8
ViC
iSi.
eu
ViC
iSi S
tatic O
bje
cts
!
Assets
B
locks,
H
ou
se
s,
A
pa
rtm
en
ts a
nd
L
oca
tio
ns
!
Str
eets
and r
ailw
ays
!
Ele
ctr
ical grid
!
Wate
r and s
ew
age (
not
imple
mente
d y
et)
!
Tele
com
munic
ations (n
ot
imple
mente
d y
et)
9
ViC
iSi.
eu
ViC
iSi D
ynam
ic O
bje
cts
! In
habitants
! O
pera
tions
In
dustr
ies,
P
ublic
and p
rivate
Serv
ice,
U
tilit
ies,
A
griculture
farm
s
! A
ctivity p
rofile
s
!
Socie
ty A
ctivity p
rofile
!
Pow
er
Load P
rofile
10
Socie
ty A
ctivity
Manufa
ctu
ring
Reta
i
l
School
Hospital
Load
facto
r
(Pm
ax/
Pm
ea
n)
ViC
iSi.
eu
ViC
iSi G
eogra
phic
al F
eatu
res
!
All
ob
jects
in
ViC
iSi h
as a
g
eo
gra
ph
ica
l d
istr
ibu
tio
n
!
Pla
ne
an
d S
ph
erica
l co
ord
ina
tes (
Go
og
le e
art
h
co
ord
ina
tes)
!
Th
ree
co
ord
ina
te s
yste
ms
G
lob
al (E
art
h)
L
oca
l (C
ou
nty
)
B
lock
11
ViC
iSi.
eu
ViC
iSi E
lectr
ical F
eatu
res
!
The e
lectr
ical grid insid
e V
iCiS
i is
a s
implif
ied
but corr
ect ele
ctr
ical grid
dim
ensio
ned fro
m the p
eak load o
f every
subscriber,
T
akin
g c
are
of th
e p
ow
er
coin
cid
ence w
ith
oth
er
subscribers
R
eflecting the g
eogra
phic
al str
uctu
re o
f blo
cks a
nd s
treets
H
andle
s d
iffe
rent voltage levels
in the g
rid
P
erf
orm
s tra
nsfo
rmation b
etw
een d
iffe
rent
voltage levels
!
Calc
ula
tion:
T
ime r
esolu
tion 1
/100
th s
econd
A
ctu
al lo
ad flo
w d
ata
is c
alc
ula
ted a
t each
arb
itra
ry tim
e p
oin
t (A
ctive +
Reactive p
ow
er)
T
he lin
e losses (
Active +
Reactive p
ow
er)
G
eogra
phic
al dis
tances, M
anhattan length
of
lines
!
The v
oltage levels
insid
e V
iCiS
i are
!
40
0/2
20
kV
!
11
0 k
V
!
40
kV
!
10
kV
(b
lack)
!
0.4
kV
(ye
llow
)
12
ViC
iSi.
eu
Input to
ViC
iSi
!
EU
-27
+ N
orw
ay +
Sw
itze
rla
nd
!
Eco
no
mic
sta
tistics f
rom
Eu
rosta
t (y
ea
r 2
00
7)
(h
ttp:/
/
epp.e
uro
sta
t.ec.e
uro
pa.e
u)
G
ross D
om
estic P
rod
uct
(GD
P)
E
ne
rgy c
on
su
mp
tio
n
D
em
og
rap
hic
sta
tistics
E
mp
loym
en
t
B
ran
ch
sta
tistics
C
ou
ntr
y A
rea
!
Po
we
r L
oa
d P
rofile
s f
rom
TS
O’s
(h
ttp://w
ww
.ents
oe.e
u)
H
ou
r va
lue
s o
f co
un
try p
ow
er
de
ma
nd
(ye
ar
20
07
)
!
Tim
e U
se
sta
tistics H
ET
US
H
arm
onis
ed E
uro
pean T
ime U
se
Surv
eys
8https://w
ww
.h2.s
cb.s
e/tus/tus)
13
ViC
iSi.
eu
ViC
iSi O
utp
ut: B
usin
ess A
ctivity to
Outa
ge C
ost A
ssessm
ent
!
Actu
al B
usin
ess A
ctivity (
EU
R/h
) are
sum
med for
each o
bje
ct
!
Outa
ge c
osts
after
Pow
er
Dow
n/
Up (
EU
R/h
) are
sum
med for
each
obje
ct
!
Busin
ess R
esto
ration a
nd
Busin
ess R
ecovery
(slo
wer
than
Pow
er
Resto
ration)
14
ViC
iSi.
eu
ViC
iSi O
utp
ut:
Movie
s
15
ViC
iSi.
eu
ViC
iSi O
utp
ut:
M
ap
s
Maps o
f th
e infr
astr
uctu
re
!
Blo
cks, apart
ments
, str
eets
, E
lectr
ical grid, etc
.
In
Euclid
ic p
lane thre
e d
imensio
nal coord
inate
s (
x,y
,z)
(XM
L-f
iles)
O
r spherical coord
inate
s (
longitude, la
titu
de, z)
for
Eart
h (
KM
L-f
iles).
The
km
l-file
s c
an b
e im
port
ed to G
oogle
Eart
h a
s a
n o
verlay to the G
oogle
Eart
h M
aps
16
ViC
iSi.
eu
Ind
us
tria
l P
art
ne
rs
AB
B A
G (
Ge
rma
ny)
E.O
N A
G (
Ge
rma
ny)
Astr
on
(H
un
ga
ry)
MM
L A
na
lysis
& S
tra
teg
y (
Sw
ed
en
)
Ac
ad
em
ic P
art
ne
rs
Ro
ya
l In
stitu
te o
f T
ech
no
log
y (
Sw
ed
en
)
ET
H Z
urich
(S
witze
rla
nd
)
Un
ive
rsity o
f M
ary
lan
d (
US
A)
ViC
iSi in
the V
ikin
g p
roje
ct
17
ViC
iSi.
eu
Fro
m s
ecu
rity
re
qu
ire
me
nts
to
so
cia
l co
sts
Att
ack
SC
AD
A s
yste
m
Po
we
r n
etw
ork
So
cie
talco
st
18
ViC
iSi.
eu
Test &
Monitoring
AB
B T
ransm
issio
n
syste
m s
imula
tor
(OT
S)
&
HV
model
AB
B P
rim
ary
SC
AD
A
Inclu
des 4
0 b
usbar
model
AB
B S
econdary
SC
AD
A
Astr
on s
ubsta
tion s
imula
tor
(NT
S)
and M
V m
odel
RT
U
2 H
V/M
V s
ubs.
Data
Exchange
as file
IEC
IEC
IEC
IE
C
ICCP
ICCP
IED
Vik
ing C
ountr
y S
imula
tor
and L
V m
odel
(ViC
iSi)
VIK
ING
City 1
V
IKIN
G C
ity n
2 H
V/M
V s
ubsta
tion
XM
L c
om
m.
inte
rface
XM
L
XM
L
Inte
rnal D
ata
Exchange
WA
N e
mula
tor
IEC
104
Data
Exchange
as file
Penetr
ation a
nd A
naly
sis
Tools
Sessio
n
Manager
ViC
iSi is
a p
art
of
the
Vik
ing
-Te
st
Be
d
19
ViC
iSi.
eu
Po
ssib
ilitie
s t
o u
se
ViC
iSi in
oth
er
pro
jects
!
Th
e s
co
pe
of
ViC
iSi is
to
use
a v
irtu
al
so
cie
ty t
o t
est
the
dyn
am
ics a
nd
re
sili
en
ce
o
f critica
l in
fra
str
uctu
res
T
he d
ynam
ics b
etw
een the indiv
iduals
and the
socie
ty a
nd the d
ependency o
f w
ell
functionin
g
infr
astr
uctu
re
V
iCiS
i is
built
bottom
up, i.e. fr
om
the the m
icro
-level
P
resents
the c
osts
to the s
ocie
ty o
f diffe
rent kin
ds o
f dis
turb
ances
!
ViC
iSi
C
an r
un o
n d
iffe
rent pla
tform
s L
inux, W
indow
s, M
ac)
H
as a
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defined x
ml-in
terf
ace
!
Ne
w f
ea
ture
s a
nd
oth
er
critica
l in
fra
str
uctu
res w
ill b
e im
ple
me
nte
d/
exte
nd
ed
, su
ch
as
W
ate
r dis
trib
ution a
nd s
ew
age r
em
oval
T
ele
com
munic
ations
P
aym
ent syste
ms
T
ransport
ation (
Railw
ay a
nd b
uses)
T
ime U
se s
tatistics
!
De
pe
nd
en
cie
s b
etw
ee
n d
iffe
ren
t in
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uctu
res
!
Ele
ctr
ical grid "
Tele
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munic
ation
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Tele
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Paym
ent syste
m
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Ele
ctr
ical grid "
Wate
r and S
ew
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Oth
er
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turb
an
ce
s w
ill b
e im
ple
me
nte
d in
to
the
so
cie
ty,
su
ch
as:
P
ois
on in the fre
sh w
ate
r
P
rolif
era
tion o
f in
fections a
nd d
iseases
D
istu
rbances in tele
com
munic
ation a
nd the p
aym
ent
syste
m
D
istu
rbances in tra
nsport
ation
N
ew
Pow
er
pro
file
s in S
mart
grid
!
Th
e a
pp
lica
tio
n o
f V
iCiS
i in
sim
ula
tio
n a
nd
re
al-lif
e a
pp
lica
tio
ns
C
ost of cyber
attacks (
the V
ikin
g P
roje
ct)
T
o g
ive e
stim
ate
s o
f outa
ge c
osts
in
vestm
ent pla
nnin
g
F
or
main
tenance (
cost of pla
nned o
uta
ges)
M
easure
ments
of th
e r
esili
ence in a
socie
ty
N
ew
custo
mer
behavour
in S
mart
Grid S
yste
ms
20
ViC
iSi.
eu
Conta
ct
Mats
B-O
Lars
son
MM
L A
naly
se &
Str
ate
gy A
B
mats
@m
ml.se
ww
w.v
icis
i.eu
,w
ww
.mm
l.se
Phone +
4670 6
508376
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