1. Zeri e LODE Extracting the Zeri photo archive to Linked Open Data: formalizing the conceptual model Ciro Mattia Gonano ciromattia@gmail.com Francesca Mambelli francesca.mambelli6@unibo.it Silvio Peroni silvio.peroni@unibo.it Francesca Tomasi francesca.tomasi@unibo.it Fabio Vitali fabio@cs.unibo.it Digital Libraries 2014 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL 2014) International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL 2014) London, 8th-12th September 2014 Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

2. Summary The Zeri Photo Archive Zeris legacy Zeri Foundation Zeri e LODE project F Entry Ontology Main ontological entities Examples and queries Mapping to CIDOC-CRM Conclusions

3. The Zeri Photo Archive

4. Federico Zeri Federico Zeri (August 21, 1921 - October 5, 1998) was an Italian art historian, and a specialist in Italian Renaissance painting During his life, he collected 290,000 photographs of artworks and monuments, that he organised, expanded and improved throughout his entire career creating one of the most important photo collection in the world on art history Federico Zeri considered the photo archive a fundamental tool for studying as well as for philological analysis of the artworks Complex cross-reference system, in the form of handwritten and printed annotations on the photos provenance attributions restoration

5. Federico Zeri Federico Zeri (August 21, 1921 - October 5, 1998) was an Italian art historian, and a specialist in Italian Renaissance painting During his life, he collected 290,000 photographs of artworks and monuments, that he organised, expanded and improved throughout his entire career creating one of the most important photo collection in the world on art history Federico Zeri considered the photo archive a fundamental tool for studying as well as for philological analysis of the artworks Complex cross-reference system, in the form of handwritten and printed annotations on the photos provenance attributions restoration An example of some metadata written on a photograph of Mona Lisa http://www.fondazionezeri.unibo.it/foto/80000/78800/78415.jpg (Ed.ni Brogi) 19637. PARIGI. Museo del Louvre. Testa della Gioconda; Leonardo da Vinci. (Riprod. interdetta).

6. Federico Zeri Federico Zeri (August 21, 1921 - October 5, 1998) was an Italian art historian, and a specialist in Italian Renaissance painting During his life, he collected 290,000 photographs of artworks and monuments, that he organised, expanded and improved throughout his entire career creating one of the most important photo collection in the world on art history Federico Zeri considered the photo archive a fundamental tool for studying as well as for philological analysis of the artworks Complex cross-reference system, in the form of handwritten and printed annotations on the photos provenance attributions restoration (Ed.ni Brogi) 19637. PARIGI. Museo del Louvre. Testa della Gioconda; Leonardo da Vinci. (Riprod. interdetta). author of the id location of the artwork subject of the author of the permissions photograph (city) (building) photograph artwork An example of some metadata written on a photograph of Mona Lisa http://www.fondazionezeri.unibo.it/foto/80000/78800/78415.jpg Brogi 19637 Paris Louvre Museum Mona Lisas head Leonardo da Vinci Not to be reproduced

7. The Zeri Photo Archive Federico Zeri Foundation (http://www.fondazionezeri.unibo.it/) constituted in 2002 focus: make accessible to scholars and students all Zeris photographs by cataloguing, digitalising and making them available online Cataloguing, issues: to adopt an entry that was compatible with national catalographic standards issued by the Italian Cultural Heritage Ministry and structured to respect the specificity and organisation of the Zeri Library to save and standardise all the levels of information on the photographs, combined with that of conveying the hierarchical structure of the Zeri Library

8. Scheda F Each record includes two primary catalogue units: one describing the photograph (Scheda F, or F Entry in English) the other describing the artwork represented in such photograph (Scheda OA, or OA Entry in English) These two entries and their connections give rise to a symmetrical database that allows two-sided research by users and transversal navigation Scheda F is a standard of the Italian Central Institute for Cataloging and Documentation, and allows us to record: photographer chronology of the positive place and date of the shot location and classification of the photo previous locations of the photo technical data of the photograph editing and publishing copyright codes subject title state of preservation

9. Scheda F Each record includes two primary catalogue units: one describing the photograph (Scheda F, or F Entry in English) the other describing the artwork represented in such photograph (Scheda OA, or OA Entry in English) These two entries and their connections give rise to a symmetrical database that allows two-sided research by users and transversal navigation Scheda F is a standard of the Italian Central Institute for Cataloging and Documentation, and allows us to record: photographer chronology of the positive place and date of the shot location and classification of the photo previous locations of the photo technical data of the photograph editing and publishing copyright codes subject title state of preservation An excerpt of the XML exportation of a Scheda F of a photograph included in the Zeri Foundations Library 1123211272534927Fototeca ZeriPittura italiana0146Pittura italiana sec. XV. Firenze. Beato ! Angelico: tavole minori, affreschi1Beato Angelico: piccoli tritticiPI_0146/1/12Giudizio Universale, Ascensione di Cristo, ! Pentecostedipinto! ! !

10. Scheda F Each record includes two primary catalogue units: one describing the photograph (Scheda F, or F Entry in English) the other describing the artwork represented in such photograph (Scheda OA, or OA Entry in English) These two entries and their connections give rise to a symmetrical database that allows two-sided research by users and transversal navigation Scheda F is a standard of the Italian Central Institute for Cataloging and Documentation, and allows us to record: photographer chronology of the positive place and date of the shot location and classification of the photo previous locations of the photo technical data of the photograph editing and publishing copyright codes subject title state of preservation An excerpt of the XML exportation of a Scheda F of a photograph included in the Zeri Foundations Library 1123211272534927Fototeca ZeriPittura italiana0146Pittura italiana sec. XV. Firenze. Beato ! Angelico: tavole minori, affreschi1Beato Angelico: piccoli tritticiPI_0146/1/12Giudizio Universale, Ascensione di Cristo, ! Pentecostedipinto! ! ! The Scheda F as shown in the Zeri Foundation website

11. Zeri e LODE project from DB to LOD The project is organised in 4 steps: Zeri Foundation database

12. Zeri e LODE project from DB to LOD Zeri Foundation database F Entry Ontology OA Entry Ontology Create the ontology from E/R model and data in DB The project is organised in 4 steps: 1. Developing ontologies for Scheda F and Scheda OA

13. Zeri e LODE project from DB to LOD Zeri Foundation database F Entry Ontology OA Entry Ontology Create the ontology from E/R model and data in DB SPARs F R B R PROV-O FaBiO use entities defined in The project is organised in 4 steps: 1. Developing ontologies for Scheda F and Scheda OA 1bis. Reuse existing models

14. Zeri e LODE project from DB to LOD Zeri Foundation database F Entry Ontology OA Entry Ontology Create the ontology from E/R model and data in DB Convert DB data into RDF according to the ontologies SPARs F R B R PROV-O FaBiO use entities defined in The project is organised in 4 steps: 1. Developing ontologies for Scheda F and Scheda OA 2. Data conversion into RDF 1bis. Reuse existing models

15. Zeri e LODE project from DB to LOD Zeri Foundation database F Entry Ontology OA Entry Ontology Create the ontology from E/R model and data in DB Convert DB data into RDF according to the ontologies Add links to LOD SPARs F R B R PROV-O FaBiO use entities defined in The project is organised in 4 steps: 1. Developing ontologies for Scheda F and Scheda OA 2. Data conversion into RDF 3. 1bis. Reuse existing models Publishing in LOD through RDF links

16. Zeri e LODE project from DB to LOD Zeri Foundation database F Entry Ontology OA Entry Ontology Create the ontology from E/R model and data in DB Convert DB data into RDF according to the ontologies Add links to LOD Create a responsive website based on a public faceted user interface for browsing RDF data Different devices for browsing SPARs F R B R PROV-O FaBiO use entities defined in The project is organised in 4 steps: 1. Developing ontologies for Scheda F and Scheda OA 2. Data conversion into RDF 3. Publishing in LOD through RDF links 4. Developing smart applications that use such data for real 1bis. Reuse existing models

17. F Entry Ontology (FEO)

18. F Entry Ontology Available at http://www.essepuntato.it/2014/03/fentry SAMOD outcomes: ontology source documentation examples of usage exemplar queries Reuse of ontologies FRBR: describes online library catalogues and bibliographic databases from a users perspective FaBiO: it allows us to record and publish on the Semantic Web bibliographic records of scholarly endeavours and other cultural object PROV-O: used to represent and interchange provenance information generated in different systems and under different contexts SAMOD methodology is available at http://www.essepuntato.it/samod

19. F Entry Ontology Available at http://www.essepuntato.it/2014/03/fentry SAMOD outcomes: ontology source documentation examples of usage exemplar queries Reuse of ontologies FRBR: describes online library catalogues and bibliographic databases from a users perspective FaBiO: it allows us to record and publish on the Semantic Web bibliographic records of scholarly endeavours and other cultural object PROV-O: used to represent and interchange provenance information generated in different systems and under different contexts SAMOD methodology is available at http://www.essepuntato.it/samod

20. F Entry Ontology Available at http://www.essepuntato.it/2014/03/fentry SAMOD outcomes: ontology source documentation examples of usage exemplar queries Reuse of ontologies FRBR: describes online library catalogues and bibliographic databases from a users perspective FaBiO: it allows us to record and publish on the Semantic Web bibliographic records of scholarly endeavours and other cultural object PROV-O: used to represent and interchange provenance information generated in different systems and under different contexts SAMOD methodology is available at http://www.essepuntato.it/samod

21. F Entry Ontology Available at http://www.essepuntato.it/2014/03/fentry SAMOD outcomes: ontology source documentation examples of usage exemplar queries Reuse of ontologies FRBR: describes online library catalogues and bibliographic databases from a users perspective FaBiO: it allows us to record and publish on the Semantic Web bibliographic records of scholarly endeavours and other cultural object PROV-O: used to represent and interchange provenance information generated in different systems and under different contexts SAMOD methodology is available at http://www.essepuntato.it/samod

22. Main ontological entities

23. Main ontological entities fentry:FEntry It is the class describing all the documents containing metadata about a photograph and (some) metadata about the concrete object portrayed by the photograph. It is subclass of fabio:EntityMetadata, which is used to describe the photograph and its subject, including for example the name of photograph, the subject creator, the title of the subject, and the date and place of the shot, etc.

24. Main ontological entities fentry:FEntry It is the class describing all the documents containing metadata about a photograph and (some) metadata about the concrete object portrayed by the photograph. It is subclass of fabio:EntityMetadata, which is used to describe the photograph and its subject, including for example the name of photograph, the subject creator, the title of the subject, and the date and place of the shot, etc. fentry:describes It allows one to link a Scheda F to the photograph and the portrayed object the Scheda F describes.

25. Main ontological entities fentry:FEntry It is the class describing all the documents containing metadata about a photograph and (some) metadata about the concrete object portrayed by the photograph. It is subclass of fabio:EntityMetadata, which is used to describe the photograph and its subject, including for example the name of photograph, the subject creator, the title of the subject, and the date and place of the shot, etc. fentry:describes It allows one to link a Scheda F to the photograph and the portrayed object the Scheda F describes. fentry:Photograph It is a static, visual representation of some concrete object (or part of it) or a group of different objects. It is subclass of fabio:StillImage, a class that describe any recorded static visual representation, such as diagrams, drawings, graphs, graphic designs, plans, maps, photographs and prints.

26. An examples (in Turtle) A Scheda F describes that :f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;! ! fentry:describes

27. An examples (in Turtle) A Scheda F describes that the Federico Zeri Foundation owns a photograph :f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;! ! fentry:describes ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item , :madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ;

28. An examples (in Turtle) A Scheda F describes that the Federico Zeri Foundation owns a photograph :f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;! ! fentry:describes ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item , ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-work , :madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ; :madonna-and-child-photo-work a fentry:Photograph ;! ! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-photo-item ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :bruckmann ; the photograph was authored by the publisher Bruckmann

29. An examples (in Turtle) A Scheda F describes that the Federico Zeri Foundation owns a photograph :f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;! ! fentry:describes ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item , ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-work , ! ! :madonna-and-child-item , :madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ; :madonna-and-child-photo-work a fentry:Photograph ;! ! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-photo-item ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :bruckmann ; ! frbr:subject :madonna-and-child-item . the photograph was authored by the publisher Bruckmann the photograph portrays the Madonna and Child

30. An examples (in Turtle) A Scheda F describes that the Federico Zeri Foundation owns a photograph :f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;! ! fentry:describes ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item , ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-work , ! ! :madonna-and-child-item , ! ! :madonna-and-child-work . :madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ; :madonna-and-child-photo-work a fentry:Photograph ;! ! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-photo-item ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :bruckmann ; ! frbr:subject :madonna-and-child-item . :madonna-and-child-work a fabio:ArtisticWork ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :leonardo-da-vinci ;! ! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-item . the photograph was authored by the publisher Bruckmann the photograph portrays the Madonna and Child Madonna and Child was made by Leonardo da Vinci

31. An examples (in Turtle) A Scheda F describes that the Federico Zeri Foundation owns a photograph :f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;! ! fentry:describes ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item , ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-work , ! ! :madonna-and-child-item , ! ! :madonna-and-child-work . :madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ; :madonna-and-child-photo-work a fentry:Photograph ;! ! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-photo-item ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :bruckmann ; ! frbr:subject :madonna-and-child-item . :madonna-and-child-work a fabio:ArtisticWork ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :leonardo-da-vinci ;! ! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-item . :madonna-and-child-creation a prov:Activity ; ! ! prov:startedAtTime "1470-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; ! prov:endedAtTime "1478-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;! ! prov:wasAssociatedWith :leonardo-da-vinci ;! ! prov:generated :madonna-and-child-item . the photograph was authored by the publisher Bruckmann the photograph portrays the Madonna and Child Madonna and Child was made by Leonardo da Vinci Madonna and Child was made between 1470 and 1478

32. An examples (in Turtle) A Scheda F describes that the Federico Zeri Foundation owns a photograph :f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;! ! fentry:describes ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item , ! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-work , ! ! :madonna-and-child-item , ! ! :madonna-and-child-work . :madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ; ! frbr:partOf :box0360-issue1 .! ! :box0360-issue1 a fabio:AnalogueItem ;! ! frbr:partOf :box0360 .! ! :box0360 a fabio:AnalogueItem . :madonna-and-child-photo-work a fentry:Photograph ;! ! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-photo-item ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :bruckmann ; ! frbr:subject :madonna-and-child-item . :madonna-and-child-work a fabio:ArtisticWork ;! ! prov:wasAttributedTo :leonardo-da-vinci ;! ! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-item . :madonna-and-child-creation a prov:Activity ; ! ! prov:startedAtTime "1470-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; ! prov:endedAtTime "1478-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;! ! prov:wasAssociatedWith :leonardo-da-vinci ;! ! prov:generated :madonna-and-child-item . the photograph was authored by the publisher Bruckmann the photograph portrays the Madonna and Child Madonna and Child was made by Leonardo da Vinci Madonna and Child was made between 1470 and 1478 the photograph is part of the box 0360, issue 1

33. A query (in SPARQL) What are all the photographs that portray some detail of a larger work? When were all the subjects of photographs created and by whom (if any)?

34. A query (in SPARQL) What are all the photographs that portray some detail of a larger work? SELECT DISTINCT ?photo ?subj ?part WHERE { ! ! ?photo a fentry:Photograph ;! ! ! frbr:subject ?subj .! ! ?subj (^fabio:hasPortrayal|^fabio:hasManifestation)*/frbr:partOf ?part .! } When were all the subjects of photographs created and by whom (if any)?

35. A query (in SPARQL) What are all the photographs that portray some detail of a larger work? SELECT DISTINCT ?photo ?subj ?part WHERE { ! ! ?photo a fentry:Photograph ;! ! ! frbr:subject ?subj .! ! ?subj (^fabio:hasPortrayal|^fabio:hasManifestation)*/frbr:partOf ?part .! } When were all the subjects of photographs created and by whom (if any)? SELECT DISTINCT ?subj ?author ?s ?e WHERE { ! ! ?photo a fentry:Photograph ; frbr:subject ?subj .! ! ?activity a prov:Activity ;! ! ! prov:generated ?subj ;! ! ! prov:startedAtTime ?s ;! ! ! prov:endedAtTime ?e! ! OPTIONAL { ?activity prov:wasAssociatedWith ?author } }

36. Mapping Scheda F concepts to CIDOC-CRM E28 Conceptual Object E22 Man-Made Object P62 is depicted by E22 Man-Made Object P108 has produced E12 Production P14 performed P94 has created E39 Actor E31 Document P70 documents P70 documents P43 has dimension E54 Dimension E57 Material E55 Type P45 consist of P32 used technique E65 Creation P14 performed P7 took place P7 took place E53 Place P10 falls within P10 falls within E4 Period P2 has type

37. Mapping Scheda F concepts to CIDOC-CRM E28 Conceptual Object E22 Man-Made Object P62 is depicted by E22 Man-Made Object P108 has produced E12 Production P14 performed P94 has created E39 Actor E31 Document P70 documents P70 documents P43 has dimension E54 Dimension E57 Material E55 Type P45 consist of P32 used technique E65 Creation P14 performed P7 took place P7 took place E53 Place P10 falls within P10 falls within E4 Period P2 has type Scheda F

38. Mapping Scheda F concepts to CIDOC-CRM E28 Conceptual Object E22 Man-Made Object P62 is depicted by E22 Man-Made Object P108 has produced E12 Production P14 performed P94 has created E39 Actor E31 Document P70 documents P70 documents P43 has dimension E54 Dimension E57 Material E55 Type P45 consist of P32 used technique E65 Creation P14 performed P7 took place P7 took place E53 Place P10 falls within P10 falls within E4 Period P2 has type Scheda F Photograph

39. Mapping Scheda F concepts to CIDOC-CRM E28 Conceptual Object E22 Man-Made Object P62 is depicted by E22 Man-Made Object P108 has produced E12 Production P14 performed P94 has created E39 Actor E31 Document P70 documents P70 documents P43 has dimension E54 Dimension E57 Material E55 Type P45 consist of P32 used technique E65 Creation P14 performed P7 took place P7 took place E53 Place P10 falls within P10 falls within E4 Period P2 has type Scheda F Subject Photograph

40. Mapping Scheda F concepts to CIDOC-CRM E28 Conceptual Object E22 Man-Made Object P62 is depicted by E22 Man-Made Object P108 has produced E12 Production P14 performed P94 has created E39 Actor E31 Document P70 documents P70 documents P43 has dimension E54 Dimension E57 Material E55 Type P45 consist of P32 used technique E65 Creation P14 performed P7 took place P7 took place E53 Place P10 falls within P10 falls within E4 Period P2 has type Scheda F Subject Photograph Mapping between Scheda F and CIDOC-CRM

41. Conclusions

42. Towards the next steps The F Entry Ontology (FEO) is the first outcome of our Zeri e LODE project on converting the DB data of the Zeri Foundations Photo Library into RDF Lot of works still to be done Alignment with CIDOC-CRM (by using part of FRBR-OO) [in-progress] OAI Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE) Extending FEO introducing an explicit FRBR expression entity (e.g., Shot), so as to associate to it metadata concerning when/where a photo was taken [in-progress] Development of a new ontology for OA Entry [in-progress] Converting DB data into RDF according to the ontologies [in-progress] Publishing all data as Open Linked Data

43. Thank you for your attention

44. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data

45. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet 1.

46. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet did it pass model, data, query tests? 1.

47. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet Go to the previous n milestone did it pass model, data, query tests? 1.

48. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet Go to the previous n milestone did it pass model, data, query tests? milestone y Merge the modelet with the current final model 1. OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the current model produced by the end of the last process iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model) 2.

49. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet Go to the previous n milestone milestone y Merge the modelet with the current final model did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? 1. OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the current model produced by the end of the last process iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model) 2.

50. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet Go to the previous n milestone n milestone y Merge the modelet with the current final model did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? 1. OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the current model produced by the end of the last process iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model) 2.

51. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet Go to the previous n milestone n milestone y Merge the modelet with the current final model Refactor the current final model milestone y did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? 1. OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the current model produced by the end of the last process iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model) OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2. knowledge) the current model, focussing on the last part added in the previous step 3.

52. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet Go to the previous n milestone n milestone y Merge the modelet with the current final model Refactor the current final model milestone y did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case 1. OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the current model produced by the end of the last process iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model) OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2. knowledge) the current model, focussing on the last part added in the previous step 3.

53. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet Go to the previous n milestone n n milestone y Merge the modelet with the current final model Refactor the current final model milestone y did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case 1. OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the current model produced by the end of the last process iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model) OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2. knowledge) the current model, focussing on the last part added in the previous step 3.

54. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet Go to the previous n milestone n n milestone y Merge the modelet with the current final model is there any further scenario? Refactor the current final model milestone y y did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case 1. OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the current model produced by the end of the last process iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model) OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2. knowledge) the current model, focussing on the last part added in the previous step 3.

55. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet Go to the previous n milestone n n milestone y Merge the modelet with the current final model end of process n is there any further scenario? Refactor the current final model milestone y y did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case 1. OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the current model produced by the end of the last process iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model) OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2. knowledge) the current model, focussing on the last part added in the previous step 3.

56. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet y Go to the previous n milestone n n milestone y Merge the modelet with the current final model end of process n is there any further scenario? Refactor the current final model milestone y y did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case 1. OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the current model produced by the end of the last process iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model) OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2. knowledge) the current model, focussing on the last part added in the previous step 3.

57. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD http://www.essepuntato.it/samod SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using significative exemplar of data Collect requirements milestone and develop a modelet y Go to the previous n milestone n n milestone y Merge the modelet with the current final model end of process n is there any further scenario? Refactor the current final model milestone y y did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? did it pass model, data, query tests? if we need to extend the model in the future Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information about a specific domain, with the help of Domain Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain in consideration, and then create a new test case 1. OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the current model produced by the end of the last process iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model) OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2. knowledge) the current model, focussing on the last part added in the previous step 3.