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Bishapur River gorge

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YOU CAN WATCH THIS PRESENTATION IN MUSIC HERE (You have a link on the first slide): http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/michaelasanda-1448970-bishapur2/Thank you!Bishapur is an ancient city situated on the ancient road between Persis and Elam, founded in 266 by Shapur I (241-272), the second Sassanid king. Outside the city, Shapur decorated the sides of the Bishapur River gorge with huge historical reliefs commemorating his triple triumph over Rome. • Bishapur I: Investiture relief (defeat of Gordian III and Philip) and• Bishapur II: Triumph relief (defeat of Gordian III, Philip, and Valerian)

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Bishapur city was founded in 266 by Shapur I (241-272), the second Sassanid king. In his native province of Fars, he built a new capital that would measure up to his ambitions: Bishapur, Shapur's City. Outside the city, Shapur decorated the sides of the Bishapur River gorge with huge historical reliefs commemorating his triple triumph over Rome. One of these reliefs, in a semicircular shape, has rows of registers with files of soldiers and horses, in a deliberate imitation of the narrative scenes on the Trajan column in Rome. At Bishapur the king also inaugurated the Sassanid imagery of the king's investiture, which would be copied by his successors: the king and the god are face to face, often on horseback, and the god - usually Ahura Mazda - is holding the royal diadem out to the sovereign.

Bishapur a fost fondat în anul 266 de Shapur I (241-272), al doilea rege Sassanid. În provincia sa natală, Fars, el a construit o nouă capitală, pe măsura ambiţiei sale: Bishapur, oraşul lui Shapur. Lângă oraş, comemorând tripla înfrângere a Romanilor, a poruncit sculptarea a şase basoreliefuri elocvente pentru victoria sa, în stâncile din cheile râului Shapur. Aceste basoreliefuri au inaugurat practica regilor sasanizi de a-şi ilustra investitura prin acordarea inelelor puterii de către zei, de regulă Ahura Mazda şi Anahita

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The river Shapur and the Tang-e Chowgan gorge

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The river Shapur and the Tang-e Chowgan gorge

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The river Shapur and the Tang-e Chowgan gorgeThe badly damaged first relief of Bishapur, in the Tang-e Chowgan gorge, shows the investiture of Shapur. We can see still recognize many elements, and because Sasanian investiture reliefs are often a bit stereotypical, we can deduce the rest. 

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Bishapur I: Investiture relief (defeat of Gordian III and Philip)

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Essentially, this monument is a copy of a relief made by Shapur's father Ardašir I (224-241) at Naqš-i Rustam. Two horsemen are facing each other. From the left, the supreme god Ahuramazda hands over the symbol of power, the cydaris ring, to Shapur, to the right.Ahuramazda's horse tramples upon the devil (Ahriman), whereas the horse of Shapur steps on the body of the Roman emperor Gordian III, who died during his campaign against the Sasanian capital Ctesiphon (244). The central, kneeling figure is the emperor Philippus Arabs, who paid a large ransom and was allowed to take back the remains of the Roman army.

Filip Arabul, împăratul roman care a plătit răscumpărarea, în genunchi în faţa regelui Shapur (al cărui cal calcă în picioare trupul împăratului Gordian III) care primeşte inelul puterii cydaris de la zeul Ahura Mazda, iar calul acestuia calcă pe trupul diavolului (Ahriman)

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The supreme god Ahura Mazda

sasanian water-bottle made from the skin of a whole animal

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The central, kneeling figure is the emperor Philippus Arabs, who paid a large ransom and was allowed to take back the remains of the Roman army.

În centrul basoreliefului, în genunchi, Filip Arabul, împărat al Romei (244-249), căruia i s-a îngăduit să-şi repatrieze soldaţii după ce a plătit răscumpărarea

Philippus Arabs, - Hermitage Museum

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the horse of Shapur steps on the body of the Roman emperor Gordian III, who died during his campaign against the Sasanian capital Ctesiphon (244).

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The second relief is more complex and, fortunately, better preserved. In front of Shapur’s horse, we can see Philip, Gordian's praetorian prefect, kneeling and begging to be spared. Indeed, he was recognized as emperor by Shapur and the Senate.

Bishapur II: Triumph relief (defeat of Gordian III, Philip, and Valerian)

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Here, we see how the king seizes the captured emperor Valerian by the hand. Valerian's men, of which a substantial part appears to have belonged to the Sixth legion Ferrata, were forced to build the bridge at Shushtar and the city of Bishapur.

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Today, the relief is protected by a fence, but it has become a favorite picnic spot for many families.

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trupul împăratului Gordian III

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Sassanian bridge near Bishapur built by Roman soldiers who had been captured after Valerian's defeat in 260. Valerian was the only Roman Emperor who was captured as a prisoner of war, resulting in wide-ranging instability across the Empire.

Pod de lângă Bishapur construit de către soldaţii romani, care au fost capturaţi după înfrângerea împăratului Valerian I, în anul 260. (Valerian a fost singurul împărat roman care a fost capturat ca prizonier de război, provocând instabilitatea în Imperiu).

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Text : Internet

Pictures: Sanda Foişoreanu

Nicoleta Leu

Copyright: All the images belong to their authors

Arangement: Sanda Foişoreanu

www.slideshare.net/michaelasandaSound: Hassan Kassai - Raze Ney - Afshari