Sustainable tourism in

protected areas

Dr Anna Spenceley

annaspenceley@gmail.com

HNE Eberswalde, University for Sustainable Development, 24 Sept 2015

• Part 1: Sustainable and nature-based

tourism in Southern Africa

• Part 2: Tourism and the World Parks

Congress: Comparing 2003 (Durban) and

2014 (Sydney)

Outline

• Part 1: Sustainable and nature-based

tourism in Southern Africa

• Part 2: Tourism and the World Parks

Congress: Comparing 2003 (Durban) and

2014 (Sydney)

Outline

http://www.gpstourism.org/UNEP_Southern%20Africa_Situation%20Analysis_EN_2013.pdf

Key questions:

• What is happening in sustainable tourism in southern Africa?

• What are the challenges to mainstreaming sustainable tourism?

Source: http://www.actsa.org/page-1003-TheFacts.html

Methods:

• Literature review

• Online survey: Sent to 199 people. (29% participation)

• Stakeholder review & virtual meeting

Agencies working on sustainable tourism in Southern Africa

Sustainable tourism initiatives in Southern Africa

Barriers to mainstreaming

sustainable tourism

Public sectorcapacity building

needs

Private sectorneeds to develop

sustainabletourism

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Improve the enabling environment for sustainable tourism

• regional tourism strategies & frameworks – review and fill gaps

• participatory processes & improve linkages & coordination

Nosy Be, Madagascar

Watamu, Kenya

1

2. Conserve biodiversity – improved capacity for protected area managers of tourism

• Training on sustainable tourism • Technical assistance for sustainable tourism protected area

management plans

Masaai mara, KenyaMida Creek, Watamu, Kenya

3. Increase supply of sustainable tourism products: • Access to funds for products: Pilot grant fund (capital, TA,

loans)• Improved capacity and knowledge of products

Research on business case for sustainable tourism Training and tools for products

Makasutu Cultural Forest, The Gambia Singita Lebombo, South Africa

4. Increase demand for sustainable tourism• Awareness raising campaign: trigger change in behaviour • Promote sustainable destinations and products

Celebrity ‘face’, certification, Media: social media, documentaries, e-bookings

Drakensberg Mountains,

South Africa

Yield > Numbers

• Part 1: Sustainable and nature-based

tourism in Southern Africa

• Part 2: Tourism and the World Parks

Congress: Comparing 2003 (Durban) and

2014 (Sydney)

Outline

• World Parks Congress held every 10

years.

– Biggest global meeting on protected areas

• Organised by IUCN and its WCPA

– 2003 – Durban

• 3000 delegates

– 2014 – Sydney

• 6000 delegates

Part 2: Tourism & the WPC

© Eagles, 2014

The IUCN TAPAS Group

Anna Spenceley (Chair)

Knowledge development

•Megan Epler Wood

Communities

•Susan Snyman(Vice Chair)

Capacity Building

•Dan Paleczny

Heritage

•Robyn BushellCommunications

•Ron Mader

Membership

•Elena Nikolaeva

IUCN Secretariat

•Giulia Carbone

What we do traditionally

PARKS   The  I

n

t er n ational  Jo urnal  of           Protected  Areas  and  Co nser vation  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 Issue  18.2:  December  2012

Developing  capacity  for  a  pr otected  pl anet

Develop knowledgeBuild capacity

Network

New working group on communities

Online

review and

comment Webinars on key themes

What we doing more of

Membership application: http://tinyurl.com/tapasmembership

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tourism-and-Protected-Areas-Specialist-Group/122961127797095

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4735342

Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/planeta/tapasgroup

Wiki: http://planeta.wikispaces.com/tapas

Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/0/117973343043881234019/posts

IUCN Website: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_capacity2/gpap_wcpacap/gpap_tourism/

Social media / online channels

• Not a stream or cross-cutting issue

• Despite this . . .– 125 tourism and visitation presentations:

covering all streams

– Tourism events at WPC: e.g. SADC/TAPAS Group/GiZ, UNDP, University of Waterloo, GSTC, TAPAS Group

– Parallel meetings: Global Eco, Wildlife Tourism Australia

– Tourism Journey: a guide through the complex program, from the TAPAS Group (informal stream)

Tourism at WPC 2014

Who presented tourism?

Tourism + WPC streams

WPC 2014 Streams % of papers

Reconciling development challenges 66%

Reaching conservation goals 51%

Respecting indigenous and traditional knowledge and

culture

37%

Supporting human life 21%

Enhancing diversity and quality of governance 19%

Improving health and well-being 18%

Inspiring a new generation 15%

Responding to climate change 1%

WPC 2003 and 2014

Financing PAs, 33%

Sustainable use of nature/ culture,

61%

Conventions and guidelines, 21%

Heritage links, 3%

Stewardship by public,

12%

Working with local people and

industry, 46%

Supporting community

development and poverty reduction,

29%

Co-management, 21%

Contributing to Civil-society, 21%

WPC 2003 and 2014

Financing PAs, 33%

Sustainable use of nature/ culture,

61%

Conventions and guidelines, 21%

Heritage links, 3%

Stewardship by public,

12%

Working with local people and

industry, 46%

Supporting community

development and poverty reduction,

29%

Co-management, 21%

Contributing to Civil-society, 21%

• Case studies

• Certification and

standards (ISO18065:

2015; European Charter;

GSTC; IUCN Green List)

• Sustainability indicators

• Best Practice Guidelines

i. Sustainability & diversity

ii.Collaboration & poverty reduction

• Quantify $ benefits to

local people

• Long-term technical &

capacity support for

communities

• Generate enough $ to

change behaviour that

damages biodiversity

Maluleke, 2014

Sinclair, 2014Sinclair, 2014

Maluleke, 2014

ii.Collaboration & poverty reduction

Snyman, 2014

Sinclair, 2014

Wilderness Safaris paid USD 1.1 m in community lease fees in 2013

iii.Financing protected areas

• Partnerships with NGOs

managing PAs /

collecting fees

• Tourism concession

tools: UNDP, IFC, SADC

(TFCAs)

• TFCA tourism (SADC):

Tour de Tuli, Desert

Knights, Tour de Pafuri

Vorhland, 2014

iii.Financing protected areas

Eagles and Kajala, 2014 Sinclair, 2014

• Visitor number monitoring

• Shift from state funding to tourism fees

Inspiring solutions

Sinclair, 2014

• Health treatment

• Building new markets

Fauteux, 2014

Chong-Chun, 2014

Fauteux, 2014

What makes it work?

Sinclair, 2014

Chong-Chun, 2014

Formal outputs

Sinclair, 2014

Chong-Chun, 2014

2003

Recommendation V12: Tourism

as a Vehicle for Conservation &

Support for PAs

2014

Tourism mentioned 5 x in Vision & Stream outputs.

No tourism recommendation.

Informal outputs

Sinclair, 2014

Chong-Chun, 2014

https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tourism-and-Protected-Areas-Specialist-Group/122961127797095

http://www.slideshare.net/planeta/tapasgroup

http://planeta.wikispaces.com/tapas

UNDP Park Talks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-KOkIyprmsuavAE5BMDp2A

Tourism and the IUCN World Parks Congress 2014JOST, 23 (7), 1114-1116

Sustainable and inspirational: A decade of progress in protected area tourism

Implications for the next 10 yrs?

Sinclair, 2014

Chong-Chun, 2014

• UN Resolution A/RES/69/233 on Sustainable tourism

• Decision XII/11 on Biodiversity and Tourism Development

• Tourism concession session - SADC

(TFCAs)