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Dimension • Two-dimensional: picture surface that
can be also covered with lines, shapes, textures and other aspects of visual form.
• Two-dimensional art consists of paintings, drawings, prints, and photographs, which differ from each other primarily in the technique of their execution.
• Three-dimensional: Three-dimensional media occupies space defined through the dimensions of height, width and depth.
• It includes sculpture, installation and performance art, decorative art, and product design
Composition
• Background- the action (figures, buildings, elements) in a painting which are furthest from the viewer or spectator.
• Foreground- the action (figures, buildings, elements) in a painting which are closest to the viewer or spectator.
Foreshortening•to draw or paint the figure in its proper perspective so that the elements closer to the viewer appear larger to the figures in the background, in correct proportion with the same elements of the composition.
Low Relief/ Bas Relief• the features of the sculpture
project slightly
• Low relief means they barely stand out from the background, almost like it's carved just around the edges.
• A Persian relief (mezzo-rilievo) from the Qajar era, at Tangeh Savashi in Iran
Perspective- a system for representing three-dimensional space on a flat surface (i.e. the manner in which a person or object is located in space). In painting, it is mainly used to create the illusion of depth and space on a two-dimensional surface.
Linear Perspective
A system for representing three-dimensional space on a flat surface Developed during the Italian Renaissance.
Note* objects appear smaller when seen at a distance than when viewed close up.
Vanishing Point: The place where parallel lines meet up at in space.
Horizon: the place where land and sky appear to meet.
One-point perspective: all the major receding “lines” of the subject are actually parallel and meet at one vanishing point.
Raphael. The School of Athens. 1508. Fresco
Abstract Art• In art, abstract art may refer to
either two thing:
• 1. works of art that have no reference at all to natural objects
• 2. works that depict natural objects in simplified, distorted or exaggerated ways.
• In abstract art the artist changes the object’s natural appearance in order to emphasize or reveal certain qualities.
Theo van Doesburg. Abstraction of a Cow series. 1917. Pencil on Paper.
Iconography • in the visual arts, the study of the
subject matter of a representation and its meaning.
• In traditional Christian iconography, saints are often depicted with halos, a symbol of holiness
• Note how Judas Iscariot at the forefront is the only apostle without a halo.
Realism• a work of art that depicts or
represents some fact of life, such as death, old age, youth, happiness etc.
FRONT: Image BACK:Artist: Frida KahloName: Las dos FridasYear/Time Period: 1939Art Style: Surrealism Location: Mexico City
Any information about the painting and artist.
Art for Delight• We need delight, enjoyment,
pleasure, decoration, amusement and embellishment in our lives to “lift us above the stream of life”
• Aesthetics: refers to an awareness of beauty or that quality in a work of art or other manmade or natural form which evokes a sense of elevated awareness in the viewer.
• Monochromatic: based mostly on one color
James Abbott McNeil Whistler.Nocturne: Blue and Gold- Old Battersea Bridge.
182-1875
Art as Commentary• Artists who view art’s primary
goal as communication between the artist and the viewer by the means of subject matter.
• Examples most often include: political statements, social commentaries, etc.
• Prints: works that exist in multiple copies
Francisco Goya. I saw This (The Disasters of War), 1810. Etching, drypoint and burin.
Testifies clearly to what the artist experienced and takes us to a
specific place and time. Painterly: loose or spontaneous
brushworks
Berthe Morisot. In a Villa at the Seaside, 1874. Oil on Canvas.
Art as Commentary
• Another function of art has been to enhance religious contemplation
• most of the world’s religions have found ways to incorporate artists’ creativity into their sacred rituals, places, and ceremonies.
• Sainte-Chapelle. Paris, France.
Art in Worship and Ritual
Buddha Shakyamuni or Akshobhya
13th centuryNepal, 1200–1299
Coatilcue. Aztec. Late-Post Classic. (900-1521)
Mexico.
• Commemoration is something done as an aid to memory
• More often a public act, perhaps celebrating a significant person or event, or honoring patriotic actions.
• Commemoration of any kind connects us with the chain of humanity that stretches back for millennia, making human life seem more significant and valuable.
• “Crown of the Palace” was a tomb for the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan’s favorite wife, who died in childbirth.
• It sits at one end of a four-part paradise garden that recalls the description of Paradise in the Qur’an.
• Taj Mahal. Agra, India. 1632-1648
Art for Commemoration
• Government buildings, public monuments, television commercials, and music videos all harness the power of art to influence action and opinion.
• They invite and urge us to do or think things that we may not have otherwise thought of.
• idealism: the representation of subjects in an ideal or perfect state or form.
Augustus of Prima Porta. Early 1st Century AD. Rome.
Art for Persuasion
• Art fulfills an expressive function when an artists conveys information about his or her personality or feelings or worldview, aside from a social cause, market demand, commissioning ruler, or aesthetic urge.
• Art becomes a meeting site between artist and viewer, the viewer feeling empathy and gaining an understanding of the creator’s personality.
• Self-portraiture has traditionally been an important vehicle by which artists reach out to us.
Felix Nussbaum. Self-Portrait with Jewish Identity Card. 1943 Oil on Canvas.
Art for Self-Expression
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