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Historical Origins Sikhism
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
• 22 million Sikhs worldwide• 20 million Sikhs in India
I NDI A
CHI NA
INDIAAFGHANI STAN
PAKI STAN
I RAN
India & PakistanIndia & Pakistan
¨ Punjab in India & Pakistan, the birthplace of Sikhism¨ 16 million Sikhs presently living in Punjab,India
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
Guru NanakGuru Nanak
GuruGuru Nanak Nanak
Founded Sikhism
Born in 1469
10 Gurus
Masters/Teachers
Guru Gobind Singh
1708
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
Guru Granth SahibGuru Granth Sahib
1708–Present Guru1708–Present Guru
Guru Granth SahibGuru Granth Sahib
Spiritual Message1430 PagesPunjabi
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
Worship the Divine Message
• Guru Granth Sahib revered as living Master• Focus & fulcrum of worship, religious
activities & interpretations© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
The Sikh TempleGURUDWARA
� Guru Granth Sahib� Nishan Sahib� Architecture
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
� All welcome� Hymns� Heads covered� Shoes removed� Sit on floor; meditate� Community kitchen
Inside the Gurudwara
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
Golden TempleGolden Temple
Golden Temple, AmritsarGolden Temple, AmritsarHarmandir Sahib—1588Harmandir Sahib—1588Fifth GuruFifth Guru
Akal Takhat� Seat of Temporal Authority� In Amritsar, Punjab, India� In Harmandir Sahib complex� Original built by Sixth Guru
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
Beliefs of the Sikhs
� One God/Creator� All Humans Created Equal� Human Life a Precious Blessing� Service of Creator� Warriors of Truth� Salvation in This Life
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
Articles of Faith� Five K’s
• Kes (Hair)Kes (Hair)• Kangha (Comb) Kangha (Comb) • Kachha (Breeches)Kachha (Breeches)• Karra (Iron Bracelet)Karra (Iron Bracelet)• Kirpaan (Sword)Kirpaan (Sword)
� Exterior Identity
Values & Practices� Love of a Singular God� Truth & Social Justice� Humility, Grace Of Guru� Disciplining of the Mind
•• Meditation, IntrospectionMeditation, Introspection•• HouseholderHouseholder•• Sharing—One Tenth of EarningsSharing—One Tenth of Earnings•• No Priestly Class, Gender EqualityNo Priestly Class, Gender Equality•• Smoking & Intoxicants ProhibitedSmoking & Intoxicants Prohibited
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
The Sikh EmpireThe Sikh Empire
The Sikh Empire
Sikh Misls in 17901801–1849British Annexation
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
Emigration1890’s
China, Indonesia
BC and California
First World War
Philippines, Malaysia, China
Emigration to England© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
World-War II VeteransWorld-War II Veterans
World War II Decorated Veterans
Alongside the BritishNorth African & Italian Sectors“There were 2.5 million Sikhs serving in the British Army by the end of the [Second World] War.”—Major Robert Henderson, aged 81, Sunday Telegraph, London. September 21, 1997
Post-Independence Emigration
(1960s)Hindu Nationalism
Professionals
emigrate
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
1980–96More power to states
Expedient Laws—State Terrorism
Attack on the Golden Temple
Recent Wave of Emigration
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
North Carolina� 1960s—4 Sikh Families
� Now—approximately 1,000 Sikhs� Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina—1985� Scientists, Physicians, Engineers, Professors,
Computer Technicians, Business-people
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
Sikhs in the USA� 250,000� California, New Jersey/New York, DC� Dalip Singh Saund; Ravi Singh� Identity; Next Generation� Articles of Faith� Confusion with Islamic/Arabic Identity
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
Sikhism & Other Religions
� Do not seek conversions� Open to conversions� Not critical of other
religions� Respect all who believe in
one God� Oppose forced conversion� Active Interfaith presence
© 1997, Sikh Gurudwara of North Carolina
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