From Open Access to Open All

Alek Tarkowski

Centrum Cyfrowe Projekt: Polska

Creative Commons

From Open Access to Open All. On User Rights and Freedoms (and maybe also something else)

in science and education (and elsewhere)

„Open All”

• Beyond OA in science: open scienti!c data, open metadata, other publications than peer-review articles

• Also educational content for HE, K-12, preschool

• Heritage, cultural sector content • Public Sector Information, Public

Data

„Open All”

• A policy-based approach: all publicly funded content

• Good reasons to extend this approach to other funding sources

• and to a generalized sharing philosophy

•  (policy as a key, strong tool – but at same time lacks the personal choice aspect)

Maybe OA is enough?

• Mature publishing model (in particular in economic terms)

• 20+ years of experience • Precise goals – „modest” in a good

sense • Still a lot of work ahead

OA is not enough?

•  If we believe in OA for scienti!c articles, then why not believe in openness of other types of content?

•  If OA for scienti!c articles makes pragmatic sense, then why won’t it make sense for other types of content?

OA is not enough?

• OA has developed multiple standards, tools, models that can be reused in other sectors

• Multiple, cross-sector uses of content (between science, education, cultural sector, etc.)

OA is not enough?

• OA has developed multiple standards, tools, models that can be reused in other sectors

Public Open Content

•  „public” or „publicly funded” is the crucial distinction, and the rationale for openness

•  (a de!nition for „publicly funded” is needed, and sometimes in controversial)

Open Educational Resources movement

OA + OER

•  „natural !t” – connecting element: HE educational resources

• OA + OER as core of the „Open All” concept

•  (with heritage being a low-hanging fruit, and other cultural works remaining fast impossible to open)

OER de"ned

•  „teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions.” UNESCO

OER: shortest history

• 2002: MIT OpenCourseWare • 2007: Cape Town Declaration • 2008: Coalition for Open Education

(PL) • 2008: Wikiwijs (NL) •  (2004) 2009: Khan Academy • 2011: Polish Open Textbooks project • 2012: Paris UNESCO Declaration

OER: shortest history

• An ecosystem similar to the OA ecosystem: • Repositories • Metadata • Author compliance • Law / licensing • Use / reuse

LAW

OER de"ned

• Hewlett Foundation „OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others.”

OER de"ned

• UNESCO „teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions.”

Licensing debate

•  Is crucial for OER – much more than for OA

• Why CC BY?

Licensing debate

•  Is crucial for OER – much more than for OA

• Why CC BY? • The importance of reuse / remix in

educational practice • Translation into local languages

Licensing debate

• OA also needs this debate – for example with regard to text/data mining • US: FASTR + executive order

• Terrain is muddled – con#icting de!nitions - Traditional stronger vs. broader debate

• At the same time, still low proof / few cases of reuse

Licensing debate

•  Strong standards are the more important, the higher level a policy

•  Strongest standards for public funded content – to ensure real right to information / education / knowledge

Polish Open Textbooks

•  Context: OER in Poland in last 5 years •  Coalition for Open Education (KOED) •  Public OERs:

•  „Polish Aid” program •  „Włącz Polskę” - Polish schools abroad

•  Grassroots activities • Wolne lektury: open books portal for

schools •  Active Wikipedia community •  Khan Academy localization

Polish Open Textbooks

• Polish textbook model: commercial production → public certi!cation → teacher's choice – parents purchase

• Lack of high quality digital educational resources in Poland.

• Failure of previous public projects (Scholaris portal)

• Commercial publishers slow to develop electronic content

Polish Open Textbooks

• Approximately 56m PLN for content creation, of which 45m PLN (12m EUR) assigned for e-textbooks

• 18 textbooks covering K12 core courses until 2015

Polish Open Textbooks

• Who is most vehemently opposed to the project?

Open Public Resources Act

• General model from the „Open textbooks” project

• Complimentary to Public Sector Information rules -> together would form a general open norm for public content

• Education + science + culture • 2013: Bill proposal

Openwashing

• MOOC (MOPENOC) • Mark Lester – how are MOOCs open:

• Non-selective • Not tied to physical location • No limitations on number of students • Non full-time, no long commitment •  Low or no cost

• MFLEXIBLEOC? • Why don’t MOOCs „get” openness?

Opening Up Education

•  „Thanks to Open Educational Resources (OER), and namely MOOCs, teachers and education institutions can now reach thousands of learners from all !ve continents simultaneously, showcasing that language is not always a barrier.”

Opening Up Education

•  helping everyone to acquire digital skills and learning methods

•  supporting development and availability of open educational resources

•  connecting classrooms and deploying digital devices and content

•  mobilizing all stakeholders to change the role of digital technologies at education institutions

Opening Up Education

•  Pragmatic approach instead of an ideological one?

•  (which OA already knows this very well) •  Educators, students don’t necessarily

care about openness – they care about a'ordability, e(ciency, ease of use, quality

•  And therefore policymakers care about this too

Opening Up Education

• Three strategies: •  Raise awareness about All

Things Open •  Build pragmatic arguments •  Mythbusting