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2012-10-151
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code vs. PED and EN-standardsand nuclear safety requirements
Mikael KuokkanenInspecta Nuclear
Conference in Vilnius 11th of October 2012 „Visaginas nuclear power plant: aspects of practical preparation“
2012-10-152
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code vs. PED and EN-standards and nuclear safety requirements
Contents
Part A – Introduction to and prerequisites for Nuclear Power projects1) Brief overview of a NPP and major New Build project phases2) Regulatory framework, Codes, Standards, and Specifications3) Division into Safety Classes and implications to Specifications
Part B – Opportunities and handling of some challenges in NPP projects1) Experiences on NPP projects2) What is the extent of work in a New Build NPP3) Implications on opportunities from the choice of Specifications4) Important steps to be successful - start prepare in time
Summary
Brief overview of a NPP
Major systems and components in a NPP
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Brief overview of a NPP
Major systems and components in a NPP
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Regulatory framework, Codes, Standards, and Specifications Global principles but local regulation and control is needed
• Basic principles for nuclear safety are similar throughout the world, as originated from U.S. regulation (by NRC) and standards (by ANSI for nuclear and ASME for mechanical); and as generalised in IAEA safety handbooks and guides.− Power utilities have special cooperation forms for exchange of experiences (owner’s groups) and preparation
of utility requirements e.g. in Europe (EUR). − Western European nuclear regulatory authorities (WENRA) are in the process of harmonising general safety
and regulatory oversight practices.
• However, local legislation and guidelines gives the country’s legal specification for the safety requirements and the way in which operations are controlled− Sweden: national regulation for general safety principles and mechanical equipment, as supervised by the
Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) and inspected by the nuclear inspection bodies.− Finland: national safety regulation and also NPP guidelines (YVL Guides), as prepared by the Radiation and
Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), supported by the technical research organisations and inspection bodies.− France: national regulation and practices, with the regulatory body (ASN), technical support organisation
(IRSN) and inspection bodies.− Germany: national regulation and nuclear standards (KTA), with local authorities, support organisation (GRS),
and inspection bodies.
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Regulatory framework, Codes, Standards, and Specifications
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Nationallegislation
National Guides (YVL) IAEA Safety Guidelines
Nuclear Codes (ANSI, ASME, RCCM)Quality Management Stds (NQA-1, ISO)
Established Standards (EN, ISO)Specific Licensee RequirementsDetailed Project Specifications
Legal Framework
Mandatory Guides
Licensee Requirements
Activities contributing to nuclear safetyWhy is nuclear power plant safety so different?
• Safety design− Defense-in-depth. Multiple barriers against radioactive releases into environment.− Safety functions. Process/electrical/automation systems protecting the barriers.
• Safety assessment− Reactor dynamics – nuclear fission power generation after disturbances.− Thermal hydraulics – water and steam flow in reactor circuit and containment.− Structures and materials – structural capability, endurance and integrity.− Risk assessment – failure scenarios, accident probabilities and consequences.
• Safety management− Safety culture & practices.− Quality assurance & control.− Operation & maintenance.
• Regulatory oversight− Licensing & permits.− Reviews & inspections.
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• Safety design− Defense-in-depth. Multiple barriers against radioactive releases into environment.− Safety functions. Process/electrical/automation systems protecting the barriers.
Division into Safety ClassesWhy is nuclear power plant safety so different?
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Safety Class 1
Safety Class 2Safety Class 3
Safety Class 4
Safety Classes and their implications to Specifications
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Safety Class 1
Safety Class 2
Safety Class 3
Safety Class 4
Design and strength calculation
ASME III, NB ASME III, NC ASME III, ND EN 13445 EN 13480
Material All materials according to harmonized European standards are approved and accepted. Note that ASME materials are not accepted without additional requirements .
Welding Certificate according to EN 729, EN 3834. All welding shall be done according to qualified procedures and by qualified personnel.
Manufacturing andInstallation
KBMASME III, NB
KBMASME III, NC
KBMASME III, ND
KBM
Example from Sweden:
KBM = owners detailed quality specifications for mechanical equipment
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Nuclear Power Plant Construction Specifications
Contents
Part A – Introduction to and prerequisites for Nuclear Power projects1) Brief overview of a NPP and major New Build project phases2) Regulatory framework, Codes, Standards, and Specifications3) Division into Safety Classes and implications to Specifications
Part B – Opportunities and handling of some challenges in NPP projects1) Experiences on NPP projects2) What is the extent of work in a New Build NPP3) Implications on opportunities from the choice of Specifications4) Important steps to be successful - start prepare in time
Summary
11
Recent projects in Sweden
• PULS (Power Uprate with Licensed Safety) Oskarshamn 3 (BWR).Structural verification of reactor systems, internal parts, turbine systems for increased power. Westinghouse, ALSTOM
• FREJ – LOT 3 - Replacement of steam generators in Ringhals 4 – Verification of the structural integrity of reactor systems. AREVA
• PLEX Oskarshamn 2, Structural verification of reactor systems, internal parts, turbine systems. AREVA, SIEMENS
• GREAT/TURBO - Requalification of Ringhals 3/4 – turbine systems (PWR). ALSTOM
• Replacement of RPV-heads I Ringhals 3 and 4 (PWR). MHI• Replacement of Internal parts in Ringhals 1 (BWR). AREVA• Forsmark TU12/MSR. Power uprate. SIEMENS, Balcke Duerr• Forsmark 3, KYR. Preparation of power uprate. Westinghouse• Forsmark 3, Generator replacement. ALSTOM
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Experiences on NPP projects
Common experiences from NPP projects
Some challenges experienced during the projects
• Shortages of experienced designers and welders due to e.g. generation shift
• Start of manufacturing before full completion of design and engineering
• Worldwide shortage of qualified nuclear equipment manufacturers
• Many suppliers not used to the need of extensive documentation in nuclear industry
• Requirements not properly communicated through the supplier chain
• Personnel and method qualification issues when using a mix of standards and suppliers own practices
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What is the extent of work in a New Build NPP
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Successive more involvement by Supplier. However, at all times the Licensee still needs to maintain project leadership (also in Turn Key projects)
Major project phases in NPP New Build projects
Planning Engineering & Design
Manufacturing & Installation Operation
>60 Years0
100% initiative by Licensee
Licensee has 100% responsibility and interest for long term operation
Why should Licensee be involved during Engineering & Manufacturing in a Turn Key Project
Maintained project leadership by the licensee is essential in all phases since (i) the Licensee has full responsibility and interest for long term operation(ii) this can increase the opportunities for the local industry
Implications on opportunities
• Safety Class 1 and 2: − Only few global suppliers for major components, usually ASME-oriented
• Safety Class 3 and 4 and Non-nuclear:− Majority of components and systems belong here-− Good opportunities for smaller suppliers. − The choice of code largely affects opportunities, especially for 4 & non-nuclear
• One major effect for any mechanical equipment supplier on the abilities to go nuclear is the choice of Code, ASME or ”EN”, ie European standards.
2012-10-1515
Implications on opportunities from choice of Specifications
Choices for manufacturing of safety critical mechanical equipment:
• The ”full ASME-track” − Provides opportunity to export outside Europe (especially US, CAN)− Entire manufacturing adapted to a specific code− Certification by ASME, AIA. All continuous surveillance by manufacturer
• The ”European Track”− Choice of European EN-standards gives access to EU-market− Complies with EU-directives− Large involvement of various third parties during manufacturing
• The ”mixed Track”− ASME/EN is partly used− Mix between fundamentally different codes for one system gives difficulties
• In all cases:− Adjustments must in any case be made to national nuclear legislation
2012-10-1516
Important steps to be successful - start prepare in time
• Choice of specifications is a basis (national guides and standards)
• Start prepare in time:
− Detailed requirements breakdown
− Training and education of suppliers and sub-suppliers
− Qualify personnel and quality systems
− Start a forum for cooperation between authorities, licensee and industry
2012-10-1517
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Expertise area examples for NPP New Build and Operation
PlanningEngineering & Design
Manufacturing & Installation Operation
60 Years
Revisions
Modifications
In Service Inspections
Mgmt of Defects
Manufacturing Inspections
NDT & DT
QC
Site installation inspections
Structural Integrity VerificationMaterials Technology
Evaluation of Suppliers
Basic Design Review
Project Risk Mgmt
Preplanning for 60 years operation
Sub Supplier Req
Regulatory
License Application
Constr License Appl
Oper License Appl
0
Welding TechnologyLoad Analysis
Codes & Stds
Life Time Mgmt
Training and qualification of personnel at authorities, licensee, suppliers in these areas important
SUMMARY
Examples of initiatives to create opportunities for national industry
• Maintained project leadership by the licensee is essential in all project phases
• Choice of codes and standards that comply with national and European legislation and also that will promote national manufacturers
• Detailed requirements breakdown and then creation of clear specifications for the complete chain of suppliers and sub-suppliers
• Specification of both quality and documentation requirements.- high documentation requirements in the nuclear industry
• Training and education of suppliers and sub-suppliers – early on in the NPP project initiatives for training jointly by authorities, licensee and industry
• Create an open process between Authorities, Licensee, Contractor, Suppliers for cooperative handling of requirements
• Continue to build on the national expertise needed to support the nuclear industry
2012-10-1519
FINAL WORDS…
• Inspecta Annual Nuclear Symposium is arranged 4-5 december 2012. Welcome!
• Thanks for listening! …And now on to Part II…!
For further inquiries, please contactInspecta Lithuania, Mr. Mantas Andriuskevicius, Mantas.Andriuskevicius@inspecta.com+370 61517558
2012-10-1520
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