Radio Frequency1

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Presented by

Outlines• Automatic Identification Data Capturing

Technology • What is RFID?• Why RFID?• Components of RFID• Transponder• Applications• Pros & Cons• Conclusion

Automatic Identification Data Capturing Technology

• Optical : Barcodes

• Magnetic : Magnetic stripe travel cards etc.

•Electronic : RFID tags, smart cards, simcards

What is RFID

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an automated data capture technology that can be used to electronically identify, track, and store information contained on a tag that is attached to or embedded in an object, such as a product, case, or pallet.

Why RFID

• The tag can provide other information such as expiry date , price & information of product.

• Data can be transmitted without contact.

• RFID can be placed inside indoor environment.

• Dynamic information exchange.

Components for RFID

Transponder

Different types of RFID tags

Micro tag

Transmitter + Responder

How Transponder Works

Contd..• When reader is to be read the reader sends a

134.2 KHz to antenna for 50ms.• Magnetic field generated is collected by tag &

tag is tuned to that frequency.• The energy is rectified & stored in small

capacitor.• When power pulse is finished the tag transmits

data using stored energy of capacitor as power source.

• Once transmission is over capacitor is discharged & tag ready for next cycle.

• The period of transmission pulses is 20 to 50ms.• Transmission technique is FSK.

Types of Transponder

Passive

• Simplest in version.

• Power source absent.

• Tag responds to reader radio wave and derives power from the energy waves transmitted by reader .

Contd……

Semi passive• Do not initiate communication with reader.• Contains batteries that allow tag to

perform other operations such as powering tag’s internal electronics.

Active• Contains power source & a transmitter.• Sends continuous signal & initiates

communication with reader.

Reader and Database

Contd…

• Reader uses own to communicate with tag.

• When reader broadcasts radio waves all tags designated to respond that frequency will respond .

• Multiple processing.• Mobile or stationary.• Information stored in database include

identifier ,description ,manufacturer etc.

Range of Frequency and bandwidth

Low-frequency bands range from 125 KHz to 134 KHz.

High-frequency bands operate at 13.56 MHz .

Ultrahigh-frequency tags operate around 900 MHz .

microwave frequencies typically 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz.

Reading range of reader

Reading range changes with the direction of the tag w.r.t. the reader

Security

Encrypting the data in the tags.

verifying the claimed identity of a user.

…

Contd…

Automatic reads

Active chips can be written to

Many chips can be read Simultaneously

Standardized and unique encoding

Contd…

Before tag implantation After tag implantation

Conclusion

Use of RFID is likely to increase in the near future. At present, it is unclear whether the effects of the use of RFID technology will be evident in broad measures of economic activity like output or productivity growth. As businesses gain experience with RFID, they may be able to redesign

business processes to take advantage of the strengths of the technology and the information that flows from its use.

Web Resources

www.rf-id.com

www.kolinahr.cc

www.rfid-radar.com

www.rfidvirus.org

www.thewirelessreport.com

www.northenapex-rfid.com

www.ac-rfid.com

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