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After the Second World War, Altshuller, a patent officer in the Soviet Navy, started a systematic study of patents – his aim was to find out what makes a successful invention! Can there be an algorithm for inventing? His expedition culminated in TRIZ, dispelling some innovation myths along the way . . . My Field is Unique Experts know Best Systems Evolve Randomly Innovation is the search for the Optimal Solution Crafitti Consulting Private Limited (Crafitti) has developed on the TRIZ way of doing problem solving, patent analysis, and breakthrough concepts development by reinforcing TRIZ with other techniques to build powerful frameworks for Inventing, problem solving and innovation. We offer a unique service for Empowering an Enterprise with TRIZ.
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THEORY OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING - TRIZ
Practitioner’s Work Book
Crafitti Consulting Crafting Innovation Together
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IS YOUR PROBLEM INVENTIVE?
August 28, 2012 2 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
Inventive Thinking – YOU ARE STUCK!!
? • No known means for solution
• High psychological inertia
• Contains one or more contradictions
A contradiction is a situation where an attempt
to improve one feature of the system leads to
the degradation of another feature.
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IDEAS
IDEAS are those thoughts that bring in the genesis of change – many times fundamental. These are thoughts that one doesn’t get in regular run-of-the-mill thinking.
IDEAS can happen serendipitously in human mind. They can happen at any time. They can be fleeting glimpses of problem solutions, can be dreams of possible new opportunities, can be new design structures or simply new experiences.
IDEAS doesn’t happen just like that. They come to prepared minds. Only prepared minds can transform these thoughts into change. It requires an ability to generate and execute at the same time.
IDEAS need to be crafted through orchestrated immersion. Contrary to popular belief of organization having lots of ideas and it is all about execution, our experiences show ideas need to be crafted through orchestrated immersion of minds that work inside and with the enterprises.
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IDEAS - Sources
IDEAS need to be crafted through orchestrated immersion. Contrary to popular belief of organization having lots of ideas and it is all about execution, our experiences show ideas need to be crafted through orchestrated immersion of minds that work inside and with the enterprises.
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Imagination
IDEAS Problems/Crisis
Existing Solutions/ Patents
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• SEARCHING FOR A SOLUTION OR IMAGINING NEW
– Human thoughts move from
• Facts (F) that describe/image the initial problem/system
• To determine something Special (S) about F
– Thoughts move in a specific direction (Alpha) until they encounter a Psychological Barrier (B) – Either necessary knowledge or the necessary psychological state is not there
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MODEL OF IDEA GERMINATION
*B.M. Kedrov: Theory of Scientific Inventions, 1969
F Alpha
S B ?
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– Thoughts move in a specific direction (Alpha) until they encounter a Psychological Barrier (B) – Either necessary knowledge or the necessary psychological state is not there
August 28, 2012 © Crafitt
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MODEL OF IDEA GERMINATION
F Alpha
S B ?
F Alpha
S B IDEA
– A NEW PATH is needed to Jump the Barrier B, a Gamma Path
GAMMA
Gamma Paths – NON Obvious Ideas
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HOW TO GET NON-OBVIOUS IDEAS
1. Perseverance, Patience, Burning your hands
– sometimes burning yourself as well
1. Systematically search for ways of
overcoming barriers – by getting relevant
knowledge and getting the mind to relevant
psychological state
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SYSTEM AND FUNCTION
• When we talk about defining a System - from fundamental principles point of view –
– set of elements working together to achieve an objective or perform a function.
August 28, 2012 8 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
– set of elements (Energy-matter organized in space-time) working together (exchanging energy and information) to achieve an objective or perform a function (Create Change - in Matter, Energy and Information in Spacetime).
• When the system is achieved by thought and consciousness we make systems artificial – A TECHNICAL SYSTEM
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What is a Technical System?
Anything that performs a function is a Technical System
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Model of a Function
Tool Object
function
Formulation of Functions Correct (If not, Correct it)
Fan cools the Body
Lens magnifies the Object
Hot air dries hair
Incandescent bulb illuminates the room
Air Conditioner improves our comfort
Lightning Rod attracts lightning
Microwave Oven cooks Food
A function is an intended direct (physical) action of the tool on the object
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Problem, Invention, Patent?
INVENTION MEANS SUCCESSFUL TECHNICAL SOLUTION TO A PROBLEM.
SECTION 2(1)j of Patent Act
“Invention” means any
(i) New product of process
(ii) Involving an inventive step
(iii) Capable of industrial application
August 28, 2012 10 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
WHAT IS A PATENT?
Patent is an exclusive right
granted by the Government
To the Applicant
for an INVENTION
for a limited period of time
In lieu of Disclosure of his invention.
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Analyzing a Patent – The TRIZ Way
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APPLE Filed this patent in 2005
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Question: Can you Understand what the patent abstract says?
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Question: Can you
Understand what the patent abstract says?
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1. Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch
2. Locking and Unlocking – mechanism implemented
3. Problems with locking/unlocking – ease of use of the device in general is a problem
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In TRIZ parlance .. .It starts with a contradiction
We try to improve one system parameter but some other parameter
gets affected
What is an Inventive Problem?
Our Traditional
Method to resolve such
problems is to
Optimize – a
Compromise!!!
TRIZ
Eliminate the
contradiction or
resolve the
contradiction
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• When we tried to improve/eliminate “Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch”
• By “Locking and Unlocking –
mechanism”
• “ease of use of the device in general became a problem”
Problem Described in the Patent …
1. Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch
2. Locking and Unlocking – mechanism implemented
3. Problems with locking/unlocking – ease of use of the device in general is a problem
Inventive Problem
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Can you Map to the problem to the parameters?
• When we tried to improve/eliminate “Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch”
• By “Locking and Unlocking – mechanism”
• “ease of use of the device in general became a
problem”
What system parameter(s) you are trying to improve?
What system parameter(s) degrade?
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Elements and Principles in the TRIZ Contradiction Matrix
Parameter that gets worse
Recommended principles
Parameter to
improve
TRIZ - Contradiction Matrix Elements
1. Weight of moving object
2. Weight of stationary object
3. Length of moving object
4. Length of stationary object
5. Area of moving object
6. Area of stationary object
7. Volume of moving object
8. Volume of stationary object
9. Speed
10. Force
11. Tension, pressure
12. Shape
13. Stability of object
27. Reliability
28. Accuracy of measurement
29. Accuracy of manufacturing
30. Object affected harmful effects
31. Object generated side effects
32. Manufacturability
33. Convenience of use
34. Repairability
35. Adaptability
36. Complexity of device
37. Complexity of control
38. Level of automation
39. Productivity
14. Strength
15. Duration of action - moving object
16. Duration of action - stationary object
17. Temperature
18. Brightness
19. Use of energy by moving object
20. Use of energy by stationary object
21. Power
22. Waste of energy
23. Waste of substance
24. Loss of information
25. Waste of time
26. Amount of substance
1. Segmentation
2. Extraction
3. Local Quality
4. Asymmetry
5. Combination
6. Universality
7. ‘Nested Doll’
8. Counterweight
9. Prior Counter-Action
10. Prior Action
11. Prior Cushioning
12. Equi-potentiality
13. ‘The Other Way Round’
14. Spheroidality
15. Dynamics
16. Partial or Excessive Action
17. Another Dimension
18. Mechanical Vibration
19. Periodic Action
20. Continuity of Useful Action
21. Skipping
22. ‘Blessing in Disguise’
23. Feedback
24. Intermediary
25. Self-Service
26. Copying
27. Cheap/Short Living
28. Mechanics Substitution
29. Pneumatics and Hydraulics
30. Flexible Shells/Thin Films
31. Porous Materials
32. Colour Changes
33. Homogeneity
34. Discarding and Recovering
35. Parameter Changes
36. Phase Transitions
37. Thermal Expansion
38. Strong Oxidants
39. Inert Atmosphere
40. Composite Materials
40 P
rin
cip
les
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World has solved
• 39 x 39 = 1521 – 39 = 1482 Technical Contradictions
Using 40 Inventive Principles
• 39 Physical Contradictions – Using Separation Principles
August 28, 2012 20 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
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August 28, 2012 © Crafitt
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Principle 27. Cheap short-living objects
A. Replace an expensive object with a multiple of inexpensive
objects, comprising certain qualities (such as service life, for
instance). Use disposable paper objects to avoid the cost of cleaning and storing durable objects.
Plastic cups in motels, disposable diapers, many kinds of medical supplies.
Write YOUR Ideas
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August 28, 2012 © Crafitt
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Principle 17. Another dimension A. To move an object in two- or three-dimensional space.
Infrared computer mouse moves in space, instead of on a surface, for
presentations.
B. Use a multi-story arrangement of objects instead of a single-story
arrangement.
Cassette with 6 CD's to increase music time and variety
Electronic chips on both sides of a printed circuit board
C. Tilt or re-orient the object, lay it on its side.
Dump truck
D. Use 'another side' of a given area.
Stack microelectronic hybrid circuits to improve density.
Write YOUR Ideas
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August 28, 2012 23 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
Principle 40. Composite materials
A. Change from uniform to composite (multiple) materials.
Composite epoxy resin/carbon fiber golf club shafts are
lighter, stronger, and more flexible than metal. Same for
airplane parts.
Fiberglass surfboards are lighter and more controllable and
easier to form into a variety of shapes than wooden ones.
Write YOUR Ideas
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Contradictions
August 28, 2012 24 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
Weight of moving object Stress or pressure Power Object-generated harmful factors
Weight of stationary object Shape Loss of Energy Ease of manufacture
Length of moving object Stability of the object's composition Loss of substance Ease of operation
Length of stationary object Strength Loss of Information Ease of repair
Area of moving object Duration of action of moving object Loss of Time Adaptability or versatility
Area of stationary object Duration of action by stationary object Quantity of substance/the matter Device complexity
Volume of moving object Temperature Reliability Difficulty of detecting and measuring
Volume of stationary object Illumination intensity Measurement accuracy Extent of automation
Speed Use of energy by moving object Manufacturing precision Productivity
Force (Intensity) Use of energy by stationary object Object-affected harmful factors
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WHAT IS THE REAL PROBLEM (Now)
August 28, 2012 25 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
30 words problem
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Understand System in Time and Space
August 28, 2012 26 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
SUPER-
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
SUB-SYSTEM
PAST
PRESENT
FUTURE
Nine Windows (or the System Operator Tool) helps you sketch or place your problem in a broader space time context. Solutions to problems are often found in the areas adjoining the system in question.
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Why-What Prevents?
August 28, 2012 27 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
The Core Problem
Why do you want to solve this problem?
What prevents me from solving this problem?
Broader Core Problem
Deeper Core Problem
Why?
What prevents?
Why?
What prevents?
Other problems
Other problems
The Why-What Prevents Hierarchy is a rigorous way of logically reasoning out the problem into breadth and depth. It is a precursor to in-depth functional analysis.
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The System Function Map
August 28, 2012 28 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
Sore Point
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Ideal Final Result
Now
Point of End of Feasibility
What would be the ideal final result?
August 28, 2012 29 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
Ideality Quotient = Benefits (Cost + Harmful Effects)
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Collect
August 28, 2012 30 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
Problems
System
Contradictions
Sub System
Contradictions
Super System
Contradictions
IDEALITY Functions - Harmful
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Searching for novel solutions
August 28, 2012 31 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
Inventive Thinking
!
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Inventive Principles - TRIZ
1. Segmentation
2. Taking Out
3. Local Quality
4. Asymmetry
5. Merging
6. Universality
7. Nested Doll
8. Anti-weight
9. Preliminary anti-action
10. Beforehand Cushioning
11. Equipotentiality
12. The other way round
13. Spheroidality
14. Dynamics
15. Partial or Excessive Actions
16. Another dimension
17. Mechanical Vibration
18. Periodic Action
19. Continuity of useful action
August 28, 2012 32 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
20. Skipping 21. Blessing in disguise 22. Feedback 23. Intermediary 24. Self-service 25. Copying 26. Cheap short-living
objects 27. Mechanics
substitution 28. Pneumatics and
hydraulics 29. Flexible shells and
thin films 30. Porous materials 31. Colour changes 32. Homogeneity 33. Discarding and
recovering 34. Parameter changes 35. Phase transitions 36. Thermal Expansion 37. Strong Oxidants 38. Inert atmosphere 39. Composite Materials
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Ideal Final Result
Now
Ideas beyond the point of feasibility
The ideal final result?
August 28, 2012 33 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
Ideality Quotient = Benefits (Cost + Harmful Effects)
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The System Function Map
August 28, 2012 34 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
Sore Point
1. Trimming – Eliminate harmful interaction
– Eliminate incomplete interaction
– Eliminate a field
– Eliminate a substance
2. Add – New substance
– New Field
3. Modify
– Substance
– Field
– Incomplete interaction
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TRIZ Busted 4 Key Myths in 1985 – However since TRIZ came out recently – the Myths continue
August 28, 2012 35 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
• Problems and Solutions are same in different industries (Myth: My field is Unique )
• Evolution paths for all technical systems can be deciphered (Myth: Evolution is Completely Random)
• Strong Inventions in a domain used outside ideas (Myth: Innovation happens through Deeper Knowledge)
• Strong Inventions uncover and eliminate conflicts (Myth: Optimization is the Focus)
(a) Look out for problems and solutions across domains – if you search only in your field and domain – you will continue to be repeating the same!
How to Invent?
(b) Orchestrate Technological Evolution - using known laws of system evolution
(c) Apply Knowledge from other fields by focusing on key functions that system needs to deliver
(d) Identify System Conflicts and provide outside knowledge to domain experts to invent solutions beyond optimization
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August 28, 2012 37 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
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MAPPING YOUR SYSTEM TO LINES OF EVOLUTION
August 28, 2012 38 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
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August 28, 2012 39 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
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August 28, 2012 © Crafitt
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PROPOSING a NEW LAW
Very clearly visible in the software based Era of technical systems that we
are in!
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Law of Increasing Intelligence of Technical Systems
DUMB
SYSTEMS
GUIDED
SYSTEMS
SMART
SYSTEMS
BRILLIANT
SYSTEMS
GENIUS
SYSTEMS
?
Transhuman
Systems
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Technical Systems are evolving into higher and Higher intelligence
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Most of the commercial software systems are trying to move towards Brilliant systems today
• Making systems Brilliant – any/all technical system brilliant using software is the method for next 10-15 years
– Brilliant
• Refrigerator
• Television
• Vehicle
• User Interfaces to physical systems
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From 2025 Onwards – we get into the age of Genius systems
• By 2050-2060 – Transhuman systems will start emerging
• (Singularity is near ~ Ray Kurzweil)
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August 28, 2012 46 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
Law of Increasing Intelligence of Technical Systems
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TRIZ WORKBOOK
Crafitti Consulting Crafting innovation together . . .
www.crafitti.com
Navneet Bhushan (navneet.bhushan@crafitti.com)
August 28, 2012 50 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
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