Urban stream study

URBAN STREAM STUDY REPORT

T H E F O R G O T T E N R I V E R

Assignment 2 - PresentationKIM ZHAO WEILAI CHUEN KET

Table of Contents

1. Introductiona) Defining What is Urban Stream

b) Scope of Study

c) Aim of Study

d) Objectives of Study

2. Revitalizationa) What is it about?

b) Changes, does it matter?

3. Case Studies – The Tangible & Intangible, Critical Study about The Water Body

a) Klang River, Malaysia

b) Cheonggyecheon Stream, South Korea

4. Conclusion

5. References

Urban stream is once a natural waterways which flow through a heavy populated area such as a city or a housing area. The urban stream often polluted by urban runoff and sewer outflow.

Rapid Development changed the characters of an urban stream with modern materials use as lining stream bed to counter river bank erosion and also alter the flow of the stream to counter flooding within the area (Information and Advisory Note Number 21 , 1996).

Able to become place for recreation park of sports and social cohesion purpose. It is also a places for mental well being such as nature elements able to help people in stress relief.

Due the fast growing city causes the stream conceal or buried underground and these stream used as a buried sewer-like pipes (Brian Clark Howard).

In the end, there are city taking steps to make use of the stream by revitalize it for better urban living.

What is urban stream?

Scope of Study

The scope of the study shall cover understanding on how an urban stream affect an

urban development. Although the study has find out some preliminary findings, but

there are several limitation that constraint during the research.

The main limitation are express as follows:

1. Study area only cover the urban stream most influential region.

2. The expected outcome for an urban stream revitalization program may be

different when it finish.

Aim of Study

To study

REVITALIZATIONof

URBAN STREAMIn the context of urban development

Study Questions

What is the history background and relationship between the urban city and the stream?

What benefits do we get from the revitalization of urban stream?

What challenges did they face to pull out the revitalization?

Objectives of Study

To understand the morphology of the revitalization of urban stream.

To study about the issues that existed in terms of the urban context that

drive the revitalization of urban stream.

To research on the strategies that had been carried out or suggested to

resolve the issues faced in the urban context.

Urban Revitalization

Urban Design Key Aspects

Cheonggyecheon StreamSeoul, South Korea

Introduction – Background History

Transition EraPre-war - Post war - 21st Century

Introduction – Background History

Key Points ofSeoul Urban Development Project:- Preserve or restore- Solve the flooding problem- Increasing traffic with serious congestion- Merchants’ business deteriorate- 150m of upstream development- Completed on 1st October 2005- Cheonggyecheon was biggest commercial

area

Introduction – Background History

Urban – 2000USD to 18000USD Rural – 2000USD to 10000USD

Issues & StrategiesRapid Urbanization

1953 – GDP (67USD per capita)2013 – GDP (25,977USD per capita)

Malaysia’s GDP in 2013 – (10,538USD per capita)

387% in 60 years

Issues & StrategiesTraffic Congestion

Issues & StrategiesSafety Issues of Infrastructure

Highway structure condition deteriorate due to poor maintenance and high cost in effort to maintain.

Only small cars are allowed since 1997.Maintenance cost 50M USD per annum (1994-99)

Source: SMG

Issues & StrategiesDeclining Old CBD

Population reduced by 10,000

Employment reduced by 80,000 within 10 years

Gangnam as new CBD

Lost Competitiveness

Issues & StrategiesHow to solve the problems (Issues)?

Restoration project for Cheonggyecheon Stream (July 2002)

With intention of

• Paradigm shift of urban management• Development to high quality of life

• Environment friendly city

• Fundamental solution to safety problem

• Recovery of history and culture

• Revitalization of downtown area• Balanced regional development

Issues & StrategiesHow it is being done?

Issues & StrategiesConsiderations

1. Bridge Design – minimize flow resistance, landmark

2. Sewer system – combined rainfall and wastewater, capacity over 3 times of

estimated

3. River Design – Satisfy local river standard (2nd Grade), 200 yrs frequency rainfall

(118mm/hr)

4. Landscape Design – urban to natural, ecology biotop

5. Historical relic restoration – 600 yrs old bridge, etc.

Challenges

Transportation & Vehicles• Urban backbone corridor with

170,000 vehicles per day• Improve traffic system (new road)• Improve public transport

(subway,bus)

Merchants• 200,000 merchants (20yrs)• Access difficulty

(congestion)• Business decline (noise &

dust)• Detailed & thorough

meeting & survey on the markets

• Minimize inconvenience (technology & car park nearby)

Discordance Spatial Patterns of Urban Revitalization

• Controversy on:• Prioritizing small plots and low buildings for

preservation• Prioritizing large plots for public space

• Memories of the past & new aspiration of land use

Flood & Technical Issues

• Speed up construction with hi-tech

• Recycling severed existing materials (90% recycled)

• Faced flooding problem 2004 & caused huge damage

Outcome and Significance

Summarization of the cultural behavior of the visitors:In year 2006 81.7% - Recreational8.5% - Social outing4.7% - Experiencing ecology1.1% - Experiencing history and heritage

In year 200840.6% - Recreational21.8% - Social outing10.5% - Dating10% - Walking5.7% - Experiencing ecology2.2% - Experiencing history and heritage

Outcome and Significance

• Properties Value Increase – 30-50% (double the rate around Seoul)

• Business increase 2.3% within 1 year (double of downtown Seoul)

• Employment rate +0.8% VS -2.6% (downtown Seoul)

• 64,000 visitors daily

• 1.9mil USD in foreign visitors earning

• R.O.I – 260mil USD construction >> attracted 1.98bil USD (per annum)

(Kim, Koh & Kwon, 2009)

Outcome and Significance

Reduces Urban Heat Island Effect

Source: SMG

Outcome and Significance

Increases open spaces and recreational opportunities in the civic centre area

Source: SMG

Outcome and Significance

Enhance tourism in the central business district – 10 million local visits within 3 months

Source: SMG

Outcome and Significance

Significant Ecological Improvement

Source: SMG

Outcome and Significance

Living Environment Quality Improved

Source: SMG

Klang RiverKuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Introduction – Background History

Transition EraPre-war - Post war - 21st Century

Klang River

Introduction – Background History

Key Points ofKuala Lumpur Urban Development Project:

- Restore - Pollution free - Merchants’ business deteriorate- 110 kilometers of River Of Life (ROI) project

Issues

Pollution

• Milky color and soil erosion from sand washing worsen by flooding with its river bed become shallower.

• Chase away developments that may benefit from riverside activities.

Issues

Well being

• People from Masjid Jamek able to use the river water as ablution water.

• To transport and loading unloading fishery to Central Market.

• Become a gathering space and loiter around riverside.

The Star, 2014

• Serious bikers and joggers will applaud the trek from Sentul to Midvalley, a 10.7km scenic workout. 

• Shops and homes understandably now face away from the waterways, literally putting their backs against Klang River.

(Economic Transformation Programme)

Outcome and Significance

River of Life program started on 2010 is part of the Greater Kuala Lumpur initiative by cleaning 110km of the Klang River from city center right down to the Straits of Malacca. When completed, there will be more than 14,000 new homes for 35,000 residents, about one million square meters of commercial space providing jobs for 27,000 people (The Establishment Post, 2015).

Outcome and Significance

Sungai Klang and Sungai Gombak, often described as two of the dirtiest rivers in the country, will be transformed into iconic waterfronts through the government's plan breathe new life into them, come 2020.

To increase economic viability of the area, master planning and beautification works will be carried out along a 10.7 km stretch along the Klang and Gombak River corridor with the significant landmarks in the area include

• Dataran Merdeka• Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad • Masjid Jamek 

Source : Malaysian Government ETP Programme Chapter 5

Outcome and Significance

There will public parks, pedestrian walkways and bicycle lanes built along this stretch, along with the expected premium shops, restaurants, office buildings, and homes fronting the attractive revitalized waterway.

Transform the rivers from Class 3 - toxic to touch - into Class 2, or water clean enough for leisure activities, by 2020. – Aljazeera, 2015

(Performance Management & Delivery Unit (PEMANDU) Associate Director for the NKEA (Greater Kuala Lumpur/Klang Valley) Krishnavenee Krishnan).

Outcome and Significance

Conclusion

Public Gain in Revitalization Economic Gain in Revitalization

References

1. Kang, C, and Cervero, R, 2009. From Elevated Freeway to Urban Greenway: Land Value Impacts of the CGC Project in Seoul, Korea. Urban Studies, Korea.

2. Noh, S., 2006. Cheonggycheon Restroation in Seoul, Presentation at Minato Water Meeting, Tokyo, Japan.

3. Shin, J. and Le, I., November 2006. Cheong Gye Cheon restoration in Seoul, Korea, Civil Engineering 159 pages 162-170 Paper 14775.

4. Lee I.K., Cheong Gye Cheon RestorationProject – a revoltion in Seoul. Seoul Metropolitan Government, Korea.

5. S.K.Lee, H.You and H.R.Kwon, 2015. Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the

Carribean. Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, Korea.

6. OECD. 2012. OECD Urban Policy Reviews Korea 2012. OECD Publishing.7. MLTM. 2012. New Town Construction in the Capital Region Progress Status. Seoul, South Korea: Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs of the Republic

of Korea.8. Llewelyn Davies Yang, Urban Design Compendium, Home and Communities Agency.