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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B.
2. SECTION A: COMPULSORY
3. SECTION B: Answer any TWO questions from this section.
4. Read ALL the questions carefully.
5. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
6. Write neatly and legibly.
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SECTION A (COMPULSORY)
Answer ALL the questions in this Section.
QUESTION 1
1.1 Various possible options are provided as answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter A-D next to the question number 1.1.1- 1.1,10 in the answer book, e.g. 1.1.1 D
1.1.1 Christianity originated in
A. AmericaB. The Middle EastC. South Africa D. Europe
1.1.2 Atheists believeA. There is a GodB. There are ancestorsC. There are godsD. There is no God
1.1.3 Islam is the dominant religion in the A. ChineseB. South KoreaC. ArabD. Asia
1.1.4 Confucianism was the official religion in theA. AsiaB. ChinaC. GreeceD. India
1.1.5 When did the first sign of religion occur?A. About 100 years agoB. About 10 years agoC. About 50 years agoD. About 100 000 years ago
1.1.6 Jesus of Nazareth was aA. MuslimB. HinduC. JewD. Greek
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1.1.7 The following religion is one of the non-missionary religions.A. IslamB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Judaism
1.1.8 Which of the following is a sacred scripture from Jewish Tradition?A. BrahmanaB. TorahC. ZaburD. Mahabharata
1.1.9 The Jewish Sabbath starts on ____________ and ends on ___________.A. Friday sunset, Saturday sunsetB. Friday sunset, Saturday sunriseC. Friday midnight, Saturday sunriseD. Saturday sunrise, Sunday sunset
1.1.10 In Catholic theology, the sacrament in which a young man is admitted to priesthood is known as:
A. ConfirmationB. PenanceC. Last anointing D. Ordination [10]
1.2 Name symbols of the following religions
1.2.1 Christianity (1)
1.2.2 Judaism (1)
1.2.3 Buddhism (1)
1.2.4 Islam (1)
1.2.5 Hinduism (1)
[5]
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1.3 Match the item in Column A with the description in Column B. e.g. 3.1 D
COLUMN A COLUMN B1.3.1. Buddhist A. It is the festival of spring. It celebrates good
over evil1.3.2. Secular state B. They disapprove of divorce1.3.3. The Bible C. It is also known as Buddha’s Day
1.3.4. Easter D. No other religion is featured above any other
1.3.5. Orthodox E. The tree baskets of wisdom, is divided into many sermons.
1.3.6. Hindu F. Celebrated by giving gifts to the needy1.3.7. African Religion G. The holy book for Christians
1.3.8. Holi H. Muslim houses of prayer
1.3.9. Synagogue I. The place of worship for Jews1.3.10. Wesak J. Conveyed in its name meaning right belief1.3.11. Mosque K. A day of complete rest and self examination
1.3.12. Tripitaka L. They live by the eight-fold path1.3.13. Rosh Hashanah M. The true word of Allah1.3.14. Christmas N. No Scriptures- Oral tradition1.3.15.Quran O. It is celebrated on the last Sunday of
PentecostP. Religion provides hope in the face of evil.
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1.4 Fill in the missing words. Choose the correct answer from the block. Write the number and the correct chosen word in your answer book..
Four noble truths Two Hindus
Cycle of Samsara /Karma Prophet Mohammed
Festivities Covenant Buddhist
Traditions Gautama Siddhartha Five
1.4.1. Culture is the inheritance of __________ and ____________.
1.4.2. _____________ known as the Buddha was born in 563BCE.
1.4.3. Buddhists live by the ______________.
1.4.4. Hindus regard evil and suffering as a natural part of life this is known as the ________________.
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1.4.5. Muslims believe that _________________ was the last and greatest of Allah’s prophets.
1.4.6. Muslims should pray __________ times a day.
1.4.7. God made a _________ with the Jewish people.
1.4.8. ______________ and ___________ belief that the soul does not die with the body but is reborn in a new body.
[10]
1.5 Indicate whether the following statements are True or False. Write down only the word True or False next to the question number (1.5.1- 1.5.10)
1.5.1 A theory is a set of ideas about why something happens or exists.1.5.2 Emile Durkheim believed that religion creates and maintains social solidarity.1.5.3 The acceptance and tolerance of other religions is known as secularism.1.5.4 A functional view will see elements of society, excluding religion, as systems made
up of parts that run smoothly. 1.5.5 Hans Mol calls religion “the sacralisation of identity”. 1.5.6 Functionalism is idealistic and does not always resemble reality.1.5.7 Conflict theories state that conflict does not play an important part in our social lives. 1.5.8 Karl Marx Compared religion to ‘opium’ - a drug to relieve social pain and anxiety.1.5.9 African societies did not produce written histories, this gives the impression that
African religion is timeless and unchanging.1.5.10 Religions must preserve racism because God created us differently. [10]
TOTAL SECTION A [50 MARKS]
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SECTION B
Answer any TWO questions from this Section.
QUESTION 2
In Southern Africa, hunter-gathering communities, known as the San or Bushmen, have existed for thousands of years and continued to exist until today. Archaeologists claim that the ancestors of the San go back as far as 20 000 years! In this time, the San society and religion have gone through many changes.
Around 2 000 years ago, the first domestic animals appeared in Southern Africa and some hunter-gatherer groups began to rely mostly on cattle and sheep for food. These groups became known as the Khoikhoi. The San communities who remained hunter-gatherers, continued to practice rituals such as rainmaking, and would offer their services to the Khoikhoi in exchange for food.
The San society was also affected by contact with Europeans from early as 1497 CE. As more Europeans began to arrive in Southern Africa and settle in areas where he San had lived for thousands of years, many San people we killed or forced to work as farm labourers. As farm labourers, they no longer lived as hunter-gatherers and only those who lived in remote areas of Southern Africa continued to practise their traditional religion and culture. Today there are San people who live on farms but still practise their religion.
In the San religion there are two gods. One is a creator god who lives in the sky and does not play a big role in everyday life in the community. He looks after humans from a distance by bringing rain, for example. The other is a god of the Earth, who is often blamed for interfering with humans by causing bad things to happen, like illness and drought. As the gods play a lesser role in San religion, an important belief is that humans can get sacred power called ‘n/um’ or ‘!kia’from the spiritual realm to help solve problems like these.
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The most important ritual, which is still performed today, is called the trance dance.
The trance dance usually takes place during the night, with women forming a circle around the fire, clapping and singing. A healer dances to the music until he/she goes into a trance. During the trance, the healer enters the world of the spirits where he/she receives the power to heal. The healer feels this power as a force that travels up his/her spine and then comes out in his/her sweat. This sweat is then rubbed on the patient’s body in order to heal him or her. The trance dance is an important part of San religion because it brings the community together to perform a ritual that is very powerful. During the 1960’s , the performance of the trance ritual increased among a group of San people who worked as farm labourers in Namibia. This community was very poor and many of the farm labourers and their families began to fall ill. The trance dance helped to heal those who were sick by connecting them to the power of the spirit world. The ritual also heals the group as a whole because it reminds them that they are part of a community that can help each other during difficult times.
2.1.1 Religion is not static, but dynamic (changing). Do you agree with this statement with regards to the San religion? Motivate your answer (4)
2.1.2 The trance is an important ritual in the San community. Why is it called a ritual and what role does it play in the San community? (6)
2.1.3 Name the TWO ways in which the San religion was negatively influenced by the arrival of the Europeans. (4)
2.1.4 Is the belief system of the San monotheistic or polytheistic? Motivate your answer. (4)
2.1.5 Traditional healing is an important practice in the San community. Do you think traditional healing can play a crucial role in the struggle against HIV/AIDS? Motivate your answer. (6)
2.1.6 What is a trance dance and who practices it? (4)2.1.7 Why is the San community known as a hunter-gatherer community? (2)2.1.8 What is the spiritual power of the San community called? (2)2.1.9 In THREE sentences explain the term Ubuntu as it applies to African Traditional
Religion. (6)2.1.10 Discuss the roles of ancestors. (8)2.1.11 Explain what diviners according to African society. .(4)
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OUESTION 3
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Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Common Dimensions.Rituals.
A ritual is an event or practice with a deeper meaning – like a handshake is a sign of greeting and agreement. The touching of palms certainly means you must unclench your punching fists, or scratching nails, or put down your weapons!But it is a sign of a deeper desire to be friends.
In the early days of primal religion before people fully realized that God was a loving being who wanted them to be loving too, religion was often a matter of doing things to stop God being angry, and make Him pleased.
Rituals were performed by making offerings of one kind or another, including human sacrifices. Later when they learnt that God wanted an ethical response, not sacrifices, the content of rituals changed.
Rituals are practiced in all religions. It may be simple exchanging of rings at a wedding ceremony, or the San people dancing all night in circles, the spilling of beer on the ground for the ancestors, or the celebration of Catholic or Orthodox Christian mass.
We may not necessarily understand all the rituals we see, but we can accept and respect them as events with great meaning to those who perform them. Ethics are moral principles, ideas about what it means to behave in a good way.
3.1 Name five dimensions common to all the religions (10)
3.2 What is a ritual? (2)
3.3 Name three customs that take place in Christianity. (6)
3.4 What type of a ritual does God expect from us? (2)
3.5 What are ethics? (2)
3.6 What is a myth? (2)
3.7 Name any four types of religious myths. (8)
3.8 Name one common belief in the following religions:
3.8.1 Hinduism and Buddhism. (2)
3.8.2 Christianity and Islam. (2)
3.8.3 Hinduism and African Traditional Religion. (2)
3.9 Name three natural elements which are important symbols in all religions? (6)
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3.10 Identify which religious group uses the following sacred scriptures:
3.10.1The Qur’an (2)
3.10.2 Tripitaka (2)
3.10.3 Tanach (2)
[50]
QUESTION 44.1 Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow.
Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, died in about 483 BCE. He left behind many devoted followers. According to Buddhist history, a group of his most important disciples gathered together to discuss and preserve their master's teachings for posterity. It was at this First Council that the Buddhistteachings, known as the Tripitaka (Threefold Canon) were recited by Ananda,Buddha's closest disciple memorised and passed on orally by groups of monks. (These teachings were only written down as texts at the end of the first century BCE after Theravada Buddhism was established in Sri Lanka.)Buddhist scholars say that the disciples at this time were in disagreement with each other about the meaning and interpretations of the Buddha's teachings.When the disciples met and held the Second Council, almost one hundred years later, the differences between them had become so great that they split into two branches or schools: the Mahasanghika school and the Sthaviravada school.
Those who followed the Mahasanghika school believed that Buddhism needed to be more open to change if it was to grow and spread out of India to the other parts of the world. Because of this, they were seen as the more liberal school. On the other hand, the Sthaviravada school was seen as more Orthodox and believed that the teachings of Buddha had to be followed strictly and remain unchanged. Under the rule of king Ashoka, starting in 273 BCE,
Buddhism became very influential in India and spread throughout India and to
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Sri Lanka. After this time of great growth, and of increasingly different schools of thought within it, Buddhism split into two distinct doctrines during the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. The thinkers who developed the more reformist doctrine and attracted more followers called their system Mahayana, which means 'great vehicle'. They called the more conservative and orthodox doctrine Hinayana, which means 'small vehicle'.
4.1.1 Describe how the Buddhist normative texts developed after the Buddha's death.(6)4.1.2 What is the meaning of BCE? (2)4.1.3 Define the concept liberal school in Buddhist teachings. (6)4.1.4 Define the concept doctrine in the context of the extract above. (4)4.1.5 Do you think that sacred texts are more valid than oral traditions? Give reasons for your answer. (6)
4.2 Read the following TWO extracts and answer the questions that follow.
CHRISTIANITYChristians believe in the existence of a supreme and divine being known asGod. Christianity is monotheistic, like Judaism and Islam, that is, it teaches the existence of one God. Christians believe, however, that God manifests himself, or is experienced as, three persons, the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.This doctrine is called the 'Holy Trinity'.Simply stated, Christians see:• God the Father as creator of the universe;• God the Son as saviour and liberator of humanity; and• God the Holy Spirit as counsellor of Christians and advocate for their cause.God the Father sent his Son, Jesus, into the world. After ascending into heaven, the Son then sent the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit in turn sent theChurch into the world to continue God's missionary work.
AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR)In ATR, there is a belief in a supreme being, or God that created the world and lives in the spiritual realm. In most forms of African religion, God is seen as a great power that is removed from the lives of humans. ATR teaches thatGod is beyond the understanding or control of human beings. Although God does not play a central part in the African religious life, it is believed that God divinely revealed African religious knowledge and practice to the first generation of humans.When the first generation of humans died, they joined the Supreme Being in the spiritual world and became the first ancestors. The death of the first generation marked the beginning of the relationship between the living and the ancestors. In ATR it is believed that because the ancestors live in thespirit world, they have the power to protect the living and communicate withGod on behalf of the living.
4.2.1 Refer to the two extracts above and compare Christianity with African Traditional Religion in respect of the role of deity/deities within the two respective religions. Tabulate your answers. (20)4.2.2 Give ONE word for EACH of the following phrases:(a) Belief in one deity (2)b) Belief in more than one deity. (2)c) Abstaining from food is an outer symbol of spiritual act. (2)
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