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1 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
ЕГЭ-2019
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Банк тематических аргументов «За» и «Против»
для написания ЭССЕ
Учебное пособие
2019
Данное учебное пособие поможет учащимся сформировать представления о
структуре эссе в соответствии с требованиями ЕГЭ, повысит способность самостоятельной тренировки в написании эссе на основе аргументов «За» и «Против». Тематика и содержание рассматривается как проектируемые возможные
варианты на ЕГЭ, и разработаны для активизации навыков самостоятельной подготовки к экзамену. Тематический подход при формировании навыков написания эссе значительно расширяет лексический запас участника ЕГЭ, помогает успешно
ориентироваться в новой экзаменационной среде. Пособие адресовано учащимся 10–11 классов школ, гимназий и лицеев, и тем, кто изучает английский язык самостоятельно и совершенствует свои знания. Пособие
будет полезно учителям английского языка, так как дает возможность эффективно организовать подготовку учащихся к ЕГЭ.
2 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
ЗАДАНИЕ 40 (ЭССЕ)
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
Эссе по английскому языку представляет собой глубоко осмысленное и развёрнутое письменное высказывание на заявленную тему с элементами рассуждения, включающее в себя систему обоснованных тезисов и уникальных выводов. Требуемый объём – 230-250 слов. Время, отведенное на выполнение задания – 60минут. Максимальный балл за успешное выполнение – 14 баллов.
Что требуется от участника ЕГЭ в задании 40 (ЭССЕ)
в задание 40 оценивается содержание, организация текста, лексики, грамматики, орфографии и
пунктуации;
участник ЕГЭ должен выразить собственное мнение, суждение, аргументировать свою точку зрения, точку зрения оппонентов, привести контраргументы и сделать выводы, последовательно и логически строить высказывание;
использовать средства логической связи; лексически, грамматически и орфографически правильно оформить текст; строить высказывание в соответствии с предложенным в задании планом; во вступлении перефразировать, изложить своими словами проблему, заявленную в
формулировке задания, добавить фразы, подобрать синонимы или антонимы, показать её проблемный характер;
в основной части в первом абзаце высказать своё мнение и привести три развёрнутых и весомых аргумента в его обоснование (аргументы не должны дублировать друг друга);
в основной части во втором абзаце предоставить точку зрения оппонентов (показать альтернативное мнение) на данную проблему и привести два аргумента в пользу оппонентов;
в следующем абзаце нужно объяснить, почему вы не согласны с данными аргументами и остаётесь при своём мнении (здесь вы должны сформулировать контраргументы). Приводя контраргументы, отстаивая свою точку зрения, используйте перифраз, синонимию, не повторяйте изложенное выше.
в заключении ещё раз выразите своё мнение другими словами, указав на проблемный характер темы, покажите вашу способность видеть и другие точки зрения, при этом отстаивая свою как более убедительную. Заключение должно строго соотноситься с введением и соответствовать теме;
после написания эссе проверьте написанное, сверяя с планом, убедитесь, что вы разделили текст на пять абзацев, отразив его логическую и содержательную структуру.
Критерии оценивания выполнения задания 40
Задание 40 (ЭССЕ) оценивается по пяти критериям:
решение коммуникативной задачи (содержание); организация текста; лексическое оформление текста; грамматическое оформление текста; орфография и пунктуация
По первым четырём критериям можно максимально получить по 3 балла, а по пятому критерию – максимум 2 балла.
3 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
ПОЛЕЗНЫЕ СОВЕТЫ
Прочитайте внимательно инструкцию к заданию и чётко следуйте предложенному
плану; Выскажите свои собственные мысли, дайте свои аргументы и сделайте выводы; Тренируйтесь в выполнении письменного задания 40 чтобы развивать готовность
написания нужного объёма – 230-250 слов; Научитесь анализировать и редактировать собственные письменные работы; Ознакомьтесь с предложенным планом задания 40: Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний (тему эссе: 40.1 или 40.2), укажите его номер на чистом листе и выразите своё мнение по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану. – make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing thе givеn statеmеnt - сформулируй проблему, перефразируя данное утверждение) – express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion – express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion – explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion – make a conclusion restating (формулируя иначе) your position
Структуру эссе можно представить следующим образом:
ESSAY STRUCTURE
1. Перефразируйте утверждение, изложите своими
словами проблему, заявленную в формулировке
задания, добавьте фразы, подберите синонимы или
антонимы, покажите её проблемный характер.
С 2019 года в плане к заданию 40 появилось
уточнение: state the problem PARAPHRASING the
given statement.
Что необходимо сделать?
Заказывайте и узнаете!
2. Обозначьте существование двух точек зрения на
решение проблемы.
Some people … Заказывайте и узнаете!
3. I would like to… Заказывайте и узнаете!
Пишем вводное предложение, содержащее главную мысль абзаца, а затем три развёрнутых и весомых аргумента в его обоснование: In my opinion, … ваша точка зрения.
Firstly, … дайте 1-й аргумент Secondly, … дайте 2-й аргумент Thirdly/Finally, … дайте 3-й аргумент
4 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
Пишем вводное предложение, содержащее главную мысль абзаца и приводим два аргумента в пользу оппонентов: However, there are …
To begin with,/To start with, … 1-й аргумент Additionally,/ Furthermore,/ What is more, …2-й
аргумент
Пишем открытое вежливое несогласие, опровергаем аргументы третьего параграфа и приводим два развёрнутых контраргумента (против каждого аргумента из предыдущего абзаца). Помните, они не должны повторять аргументы из второго абзаца: Personally, I disagree with this statement…
1-й контраргумент. Moreover, … 2-й контраргумент.
Ещё раз заявляем о проблемном характере темы и признаём существование двух точек зрения, окончательно утверждаем свою авторскую позицию, переформулировав ее из вступления. Здесь важно не повториться в формулировках и мыслях.
In conclusion, I am completely convinced that … Заказывайте и узнаете!
Рекомендуемый объем письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения (эссе) на ЕГЭ составляет 200—250 слов. Соблюдение заданного объема доказывает, что у экзаменуемого сформировано не только коммуникативное умение доказательно выразить свою мысль, но и развито умение экономного использования языковых знаков.
5 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
Тематические аргументы «ЗА» и «Против» для написания ЭССЕ.
Contents 1. Advertising .............................................................................................................................. 8
2. After-school activity ................................................................................................................ 9
3. Animal testing ....................................................................................................................... 11
4. Appearance/ Physical appearance ........................................................................................ 12
5. Car/Automobile .................................................................................................................... 14
6. Choosing a career .................................................................................................................. 15
7. Dance .................................................................................................................................... 18
8. Education/School/Exam ........................................................................................................ 19
9. Environment ......................................................................................................................... 24
10. Fame/Celebrity/Outstanding person .................................................................................. 27
11. Family/Family traditions ..................................................................................................... 29
12. Fashion / Clothes................................................................................................................. 31
13. Food .................................................................................................................................... 36
14. Friend and friendship .......................................................................................................... 39
15. Handicrafts vs machine made goods ................................................................................... 41
16. Happiness/Success/Leader .................................................................................................. 44
17. Health .................................................................................................................................. 47
18. Historic buildings…………………………………………… 51
19. Hobby/Leisure time ............................................................................................................. 52
20. Immigrants ........................................................................................................................... 54
21. Language .............................................................................................................................. 56
22. Living in the city or living in the countryside / What types of houses do people live in?.....59
23. Money/Pocket money ......................................................................................................... 62
24. Music/Art/Cinema/Films/Theatre/Graffiti .......................................................................... 66
25. Museum/National and international exhibition/gallery ...................................................... 70
26. Pet........................................................................................................................................ 73
27. Reading ................................................................................................................................ 75
6 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
28. Shopping .............................................................................................................................. 79
29. Space exploration ................................................................................................................ 81
30. Sport ................................................................................................................................... 85
31. Stress ................................................................................................................................... 91
32. Technology / Science ............................................................................................................ 93
33. Television, Internet,Computer,Social media, Mobile phone, Mass media……………………..…… 95
34. Tourism, Travelling............................................................................................................. 105
35. Traditions and customs ...................................................................................................... 112
36. Transport/Traffic ................................................................................................................ 116
37. Work/Job ........................................................................................................................... 119
38. Zoo ..................................................................................................................................... 120
Заказывайте аргументы «ЗА» и «Против» для
написания Эссе (38 тем). Подобного пособия в
продаже нет! Это авторская работа.
Посмотрите две темы:
Education/School/Exam
Tourism, Travelling
7 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
1. Education/School/Exam
Our today’s modem world needs qualified people in
all the spheres of life.
Nowadays only highly qualified workers can deal
with rather sophisticated equipment сложным
оборудованием and computers.
Education gives people knowledge and skills
Education creates awareness and expands our
vision
A degree can open the door to better employment
prospects
People with qualification are more likely to find
work
Having a degree can lead to a better paying job
Education provides basis for other skills
Education helps the people to gain more
confidence and helps interaction among others
easily
University is a great place to meet new people
University life is an amazing experience
Literacy improves working person’s capability
Education provides basis for healthy population
University is a great place to meet new people
University life is an amazing experience
Learners study in depth a subject that interests
they
A degree gives you more choices in life
Most jobs require specific knowledge and skills
University builds initiative and leadership skills that
can be used for life
Skilled workers are needed for sectors such as
information technology and engineering
Schools aim to teach young people moral values
such as tolerance and sharing
Schools prepare children to be members of a
society
Many students go into debt to pay their university
fees. Wnen they start working, a large part of their
salary goes to pay back the loan
A university degree is not necessary for many
service professions
There are people, who think that having a good
education is not very important. Some girls want to
be good mothers and have big families.
Other people think that manual professions do not
need a good education. Some manual workers will
always be needed
Higher education do not teach you to face real
world challenges
8 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
Many students choose to study abroad because
there are greater opportunities in a particular
foreign country. Foreign universities may offer
better facilities or courses. They may also be more
prestigious than universities in the student’s own
country and have teachers who are experts in their
fields.
Firstly, the independence of living away from home
is a benefit because it helps the students develop
better social skills and improve as a person.
Many students travel abroad to study at a
prestigious university.
The best universities employ teachers who are
experts in their fields
Qualifications gained abroad can open doors to
better job opportunities.
Studying in a different environment helps students
become more adaptable and gives them the
confidence to deal with difficult problems.
Living in a foreign country can broaden students'
horizons.
Overseas students are exposed to different
cultures and customs.
They are responsible for cooking, cleaning and
paying bills
They will learn a foreign language
In the new country, students have to live and work
with other learners of various nationalities. Thus,
overseas students are exposed to different
cultures, customs and points of view.
Studying abroad is expensive. Tuition fees, room
and board, books and supplies, utilities, local
transportation and the overall cost of living for
overseas students are higher than in the student's
own country.
The language barrier can be a problem
Students have to find accommodation and pay bills
Studying in a foreign language is challenging -
Обучение на иностранном языке является
сложным. Overseas students may be unable to
understand lectures and find it difficult to adapt to
different styles of teaching.
Many students feel homesick and miss their
families.
Some students experience culture shock.
Many students go into debt to pay their university
fees. Wnen they start working, a large part of their
salary goes to pay back the loan
9 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
Examinations are a part of every student’s life.
Exams encourage students to study
Exam grades give students an idea of their
progress. Экзаменационные оценки дают
студентам представление об их прогрессе.
Exams provide the most accurate way of testing
student knowledge and learning.
Those who prepare properly for their exams feel
calm and confident and do not make mistakes.
Modern exams include not only tests but also
essay writing, where students can show their real
knowledge and individual abilities.
Exams are the quickest way of testing students
Exams give an objective rating of knowledge
gained by students within the corresponding term.
Экзамены дают объективный рейтинг знаний,
полученных учащимися в течение
соответствующего срока.
Exams not only increase knowledge, they also
strengthen the memory. When students learn what
they have studied throughout the year, this makes
the long term memory stronger. Экзамены не
только увеличивают знания, они также
укрепляют память. Когда студенты изучают то,
что они изучали в течение года, это укрепляет
долговременную память.
Exams are a very stressful experience. They can
cause depression. Depression caused by exams
can have very negative impact on the student’s
personality. Депрессия, вызванная экзаменами,
может очень негативно повлиять на личность
студента.
Exams cause too much stress, panic and anxiety in
students.
A major problem caused by examination is the
comparison that is made between learners,
ignoring the fact that we all are different from
each other. Some students learn new concepts
easily while others are better at sports. Основной
проблемой, вызванной экзаменом, является
сравнение, которое проводится между
учащимися, игнорируя тот факт, что мы все
отличаемся друг от друга. Некоторые студенты
легко изучают новые концепции, в то время как
другие лучше занимаются спортом.
Exams can only cover some basic and narrow
knowledge, omitting to student’s personal abilities
and creativity. Экзамены могут охватывать
только некоторые базовые и узкие знания без
учета личных способностей и творчества
студента.
Some parents decide to educate their children at
home due to poor learning environment at school.
Most parents do not have the time to educate their
children at home
10 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
Some families live in isolated areas with poor
transport.
Homeschooling provides a safe learning
environment. Children who are homeschooled are
not exposed to teasing, bullying, negative peer
pressure, bad influences.
Parents are not satisfied with local schools
Parents can respond to what their children need
and how they learn best.
Homeschooling strengthens closeness of the
family, and parents’ relationships to children are
made deeper. Parents spend more time with their
kids, and are able to watch their children grow.
One-to-one lessons allow much faster progress.
Discipline problems are avoided by homeschooling.
Parents face financial disadvantages when they
decide to homeschool because one parent must
stay at home.
School subjects are normally taught by up to ten
different teachers
Most parents do not have the necessary
knowledge or resources
Private tutors are expensive
Children will miss out on the social experience that
school offers
One of the major disadvantages of homeschooling
in the beginning is a sense of isolation.
At school, children learn how to get on with each
other
Home-schooled children may lack social skills
Schools offer a better overall educational
experience
Schooling - учеба в школе
Teaching – обучение
Tuition – обучение
Learning – изучение
Teach – учить, обучать
School – обучать
Prepare – готовить
Explain – объяснять
Knowledge – знание
Mental development - умственное развитие
Parenting – воспитание
Testing – тестирование
Academic examination - академический экзамен
Final testing - итоговое тестирование
Test - тестовое задание
Knowledge check - проверка знаний
Examination – экзамен
Examination paper - экзаменационная работа
Subject – предмет (школьный)
Written/oral/final/entrance exam – письменный, устный, выпускной/итоговый, вступительный
экзамен
Take examination/sit for an exam (in) – сдавать экзамен (по)
Read up for an exam – готовиться к экзамену
To prepare for exam - готовиться к экзамену
Preparing to take an exam - подготовка к сдаче экзамена
11 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
Fail an exam – провал на экзамене
Get grades – получать оценки
School-leaving certificate - аттестат об окончании средней школы
Curriculum [kəˈrɪkjʊləm] – учебный план
Extracurricular activities - внеклассная работа
Schedule [ˈʃedjuːl] – расписание
Follow a schedule – работать по расписанию
Competition [kɔmpɪˈtɪʃn] – конкурс, соревнование
Tuition fee – плата за обучение
Vocational training – профессиональная подготовка
Leave/finish school – закончить школу
School-leaver/ graduate – выпускник
Be good at – преуспевать в…
Be top of the class – быть лучшим в классе Sam was top in English. - Сэм был лучшим в
английском.
Compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsərɪ] – обязательный
Optional – необязательный, факультативный
Take the exam- сдавать экзамен (значение слова: проходить экзамен или тестирование.
Употребление: take an exam мы используем, когда нам предстоит принять участие в
экзамене/тестировании, или мы написали его, но не знаем пока результата;
Pass examination - сдать экзамен (значение слова: получить положительный результат в экзамене
или тесте. Употребление: pass an exam мы используем, когда успешно сдали экзамен, то есть
получили положительный результат.)
Examinee – экзаменующийся
Participant of the exam - участник экзамена
Student, pupil, schoolgirl, schoolboy, learner, educate (schoolchildren – мн.число)
Teacher, educator, schoolmaster, schoolteacher, pedagogue, practice teacher
School, high school, secondary school, gymnasium – гимназия, lyceum - лицей
Schoolhouse - здание школы
2. Tourism, Travelling
Nowadays tourism has become very popular and
turned into a prosperous business процветающий
бизнес. Tourism is an important sector that has an
impact on development of country economy. It
gives job opportunities, increases income of the
country; helps preserve and develop the culture,
history and nature. Tourism sets the political,
economic, social and technological relations
between nations.
Tourism is one of those industries that are capable
Some people are not optimistic about tourism.
They say that some beaches and resorts are
uncomfortably crowded, and the historic centres of
world-famous cities are becoming occupied by
thousands of tourists. Besides, tourism can disrupt
ecosystems and environments. For example, a lot
of beaches and lagoons are being destroyed to
make room for hotels and restaurants.
Some people say that ecotourism does have some
disadvantages. Firstly, the increasing number of
12 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
of providing rapid economic growth in jobs, income
standard of living and in activating their productive
sectors in the receiving country.
Tourism breaks down the barriers between
countries helping to create a more peaceful world.
The most popular and pleasant way of spending
time for active and energetic people is traveling. It
is so interesting to discover new places and
different people, to explore different continents
and countries, to try exquisite (изысканную)
cuisine and enjoy dawns (наслаждаться
рассветами) on the other end of the
world. Traveling is the best way to change the
atmosphere, to have a rest from everyday life and
to get new emotions and impressions that remain
(остаётся) always with us.
There are some different kinds of travelling
including:
the city trip, family holidays, package
holidays/tour, beach holidays, group holidays,
backpacking, activity holidays, cultural holidays,
camping, ecotourism/eco holidays, cruise, business
travel and adventure travel.
Backpacking is a form of low-cost, independent
travel. It includes the use of a backpack that is
easily carried for long distances or long periods of
time; the use of public transport; inexpensive
lodging such as youth hostels
A package tour or package holiday consists of
transport, accommodation and meals organized by
a tour operator and sold to a consumer by a travel
agent. Other services may be provided like a rental
car, activities or outing during the holiday. It is
really well organised and everything is all inclusive
in the price. This means that you don’t have to
worry about things.
Activity holidays are chosen by active people who
love skiing, scuba diving, hiking etc.
Cultural holidays are popular with those who want
to see monuments, churches, museums and other
sights.
Camping is an outdoor recreation activity. The
campers stay overnight outdoors, usually at a
campsite. Camping may involve the use of a tent,
caravan, motorhome or a cabin. Camping is an
inexpensive form of accommodation.
tourists can lead to the expansion of infrastructure.
As a result, many parts of the natural environment
may be destroyed to make room for commercial
tourist structures. What is more, native people are
often exploited for cheap labour.
Disadvantages of travelling :
Tourism can often cause environmental
damage with things like pollution and forest
fires. Even if tourists behave responsibly, the
sheer number of the them can cause
problems. Structures such as ancient
buildings, monuments, and temples often
struggle to cope with the vast amounts of
tourist traffic and they suffer wear and tear
or damage. Туризм часто может нанести
ущерб окружающей среде с такими
вещами, как загрязнение окружающей
среды и лесные пожары. Даже если
туристы ведут себя ответственно, их число
может вызвать проблемы. Такие
сооружения, как древние здания,
памятники и храмы, часто испытывают
трудности, чтобы справиться с огромным
количеством туристов, и они страдают от
износа или повреждения.
Most journeys last very long and it can make
us feel tired and discouraged.
Emissions generated by forms of transport
are one of the main environmental problems
of tourism. Выбросы, создаваемые видами
транспорта, являются одной из основных
экологических проблем туризма.
Sometimes the flights are delayed because of
unfavourable weather conditions.
Travelling can be too expensive. Some people
ignore traveling to popular places because
them have to spend a lot of money in order
to make trip fun and memorable.
Popular places are flooded by lots of people,
especially during the summer or peak season.
If you don’t want to be in such place, then
you shouldn’t be in popular places.
Unknown territory may cause discomfort.
There are difficulties in adaptation.
The language barrier can lead to
misunderstandings.
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Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting
undisturbed natural areas. It is a responsible travel
to natural areas that conserves the environment
and improves the well-being of local people.
A trip abroad requires careful planning:
you must have a valid passport and visa to
travel abroad
to buy a plane ticket
to make a reservation in the hotel
to take enough money
to get travel Insurance before travelling
to refresh your language skills
to make up a packing list and follow it
Keep in mind the following pointers to make your
foreign trip as safe and interesting as possible:
to learn about local laws and customs
to get the addresses and phone members of
your country embassy
to have access to emergency funds
(экстренные службы)
to keep personal information secret
to carry documents and money in a hidden
Advantages of travelling :
Tourism is a popular leisure activity. It
provides you with unforgettable moments
and experiences. If you travel, you can
experience things that you could never
experience at home. You may see beautiful
places and landscapes that do not exist
where you live. You may meet people that
will change your life, and your thingking. You
may try activities that you have never tried
before.
Provides cultural exchange between hosts
and guests.
Travelling helps us to broaden our horizon of
knowledge and deepen our understanding of
the world. It gives us excellent opportunity to
learn about life of people, culture, history and
geography any country.
Tourism brings profit to the local and regional
areas and creates jobs at the local, state and
government levels. Secondly, local festivals
and cultural events have been developed and
Global tourism creates misunderstanding
between people from different cultures, and
that the differences are often a cause for
conflict rather than celebration.
14 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
supported because of heavy tourist
participation, and many buildings and
monuments have been renovated. What is
more, experiencing different cultures is
interesting and educational for tourists.
It provides jobs for the locals. Hotels, bars,
transport, shops, and restaurants all need
staffing нуждаются в персонале. Tourism
can provide much-needed employment
необходимую занятость for people.
Money from tourism goes towards projects
for local facilities such as schools, health
clinics and improved roads. Деньги от
туризма идут на проекты для местных
объектов, таких как школы, поликлиники и
улучшенные дороги.
It can provide a incentive for investment in
infrastructure such as roads and rail
networks, as well as funding local medical
and education facilities. Это может стать
стимулом для инвестиций в
инфраструктуру, такую как автомобильные
и железнодорожные сети, а также в
финансирование местных медицинских и
образовательных учреждений.
There is so much to see and learn from
travelling. For instance, you can experience
exotic landscapes and the traditions and can
learn the cultural heritage of the people who
live there. Besides, travelling lets you see the
history of different cities and educates about
the rich background they had over the years.
Tourists enjoy leisure activities such as golf,
tennis, or horseback riding, while local
residents work hard to earn as much money
as they can during the tourist season.
Travelling makes you more confident and
independent. You will realise that you can
cope with a lot of unexpected situations. You
will likely find out that you are much stronger
and braver than you have expected.
School trips are very interesting and
educational. Firstly, school trips give students
a chance to acquire new information, to
improve their knowledge, to apply different
skills and to gain new insight into various
subjects. Secondly, school trips break up the
15 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
monotony of the classroom routine and
enable students to see how their classwork
applies to everyday life. What is more, school
trips put schoolchildren in real-life scenarios
and require observation, investigation, and
communication with other people.
Today more and more people are becoming
interested in ecotourism, which promotes
recycling, energy efficiency, water
conservation, and the safe disposal of waste
and garbage. Secondly, ecotourism
contributes to the economic development of
local communities. Tourists provide local
people with work, use local transportation,
inns and markets, and make voluntary
contributions. In addition, funds generated
from ecotourism are used to establish and
maintain national parks and nature reserves.
Tourists should follow the rules and regulations of the
country they are visiting. They must obey the traffic laws
and respect the sentiments of people. The government
must aware the visiting foreigners about the rules and
regulations before they apply for a visitor visa.
Traveler – путешественник
Tourist - турист, tourer - турист, путешественник, visitor - посетитель , holiday-maker - отдыхающий,
voyager - путешественник морей , sightseer - экскурсант, tripper - экскурсант , excursionist -
экскурсант , camper - турист
To get unforgettable impressions and vivid emotions — получить незабываемые впечатления и яркие
эмоции
Magnificent landscapes – великолепные пейзажи
Impressive scenery - впечатляющие пейзажи
Spectacular scenery - захватывающие пейзажи
Breathtaking view - захватывающий вид
Spectacular beaches - впечатляющие пляжи
Stunning architecture - потрясающая архитектура
Magnificent buildings - великолепные здания
To go sightseeing - осматривать достопримечательности
To see the sights – осматривать достопримечательности
Wildlife safari - дикая природа сафари
To be on holidays - быть в отпуске
To change the scene — сменить обстановку
To meet new people — знакомиться с новыми людьми
16 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
To go abroad — поехать за границу
Guide – гид, экскурсовод
Inspiration — вдохновение, воодушевление
Travelling is also a source of inspiration and the perfect way of recreation.
Destination — пункт назначения, (туристическое) направление
Health / holiday resort — курорт
Package holiday / tour — турпутевка, включающая проезд, проживание, питание, экскурсии;
турпакет «все включено»
Direct regular flight — прямой регулярный рейс
Charter (light — чартерный рейс
Travel agency — турагентство
Today many travel agents offer great deals, especially for package holidays, which include flights,
transfers, accommodation, insurance, meals, as well as different excursions.
Accommodation — проживание (в гостинице)
Insurance — страхование
Excursion — экскурсия, круиз
Passenger — пассажир
To take off — взлетать (о самолете)
Arrival / departure time — время прилета / вылета
To book tickets in advance
To change trains — делать пересадку (с одного поезда на другой)
They had to change trains. — Им пришлось сделать пересадку на другой поезд.
Backpacking — пеший туризм, туристический поход
To rent а саг — арендовать автомобиль
I like going sightseeing. — Мне нравится осматривать достопримечательности.
To take pictures / photos — фотографировать, фотографироваться
I love taking photos of nature. — Я люблю фотографировать природу.
Tourist attraction — достопримечательность
Places of interest — достопримечательности города
Luggage / baggage — багаж
Travelling a long distance - путешествовать на дальние расстояния
To travel light — путешествовать налегке
I like to travel light. — Я люблю путешествовать налегке.
Air travel delays – задержки рейсов
Camping facilities – условия для отдыха в кемпинге
To travel by car / by train / by plain / by ship / on foot — путешествовать на автомобиле / на поезде
/ на самолете / на корабле / пешком
Advantages of means of transport (TRAIN)
It is a fast transport
It is cheaper and faster than road transport
It is a comfortable transport
You can see the nature
You can eat in the dining-car
You can sleep comfortably
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If it is rainy, you will not get wet
Advantages of means of transport (CAR)
You can stop where you want
You can change your route at any moment
You can make your own time-table
You can see the nature
You don’t need to carry bags
If it is rainy, you will not get wet
Advantages of means of transport (PLANE)
It is the fastest transport
It is a comfortable transport
It is very interesting to travel by plane
Advantages of means of transport (BUS)
You can see the nature
It is not expensive
If it is rainy, you will not get wet
Advantages of means of transport (BICYCLE)
It is the cheapest transport
You can see the nature
You can stop where you want
You can make your own time-table
Advantages of means of transport (SHIP)
It is very interesting to travel by ship
You can see beautiful nature
It is very comfortable
Disadvantages of means of transport (TRAIN)
It is slower than plane
It can be crash
It is noisy
Disadvantages of means of transport (CAR)
There are traffic jams
Risk of road accidents
The price of petrol is high
If the travelling is long, it is uncomfortably to sleep
There can be only 5 people in the car
Disadvantages of means of transport (PLANE)
It is very expensive
18 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
You can’t stop where you want
You can see only the sun and the clouds
You can have an air-illnes
It can be crash
The registration is very long
It may be delayed by:
• bad weather
• labour strikes
• technical problems
• border controls
Disadvantages of means of transport (BUS)
It is not comfortable if there are many people in the bus
There are traffic jams
It is slower than train and plane
Disadvantages of means of transport (BICYCLE)
It is the slowest transport
If it is rainy, you will get wet
In winter it is difficult to go by bicycle
You get tired if you go far away
Disadvantages of means of transport (SHIP)
It is the slower than train and plane
It is expensive
You can have a see-illness
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