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Georgia Studies

Academic Bowl

GEOGRAPHY

What are the names of the states that border

Georgia? Alabama Tennessee North Carolina South Carolina Florida

How many geographic regions does Georgia have?

5

What are the geographic regions of

Georgia? Coastal Plain Piedmont Ridge and Valley Appalachian Plateau Blue Ridge

In which region is Atlanta located?

Piedmont

What is the smallest

geographic region?

Appalachian Plateau

What region is known for its production of

peanuts, pecans, and corn?

Coastal Plain

In what region is the Okefenokee Swamp located?

Coastal Plain

What is the highest peak in Georgia?

Brasstown Bald

What two regions are

separated by the Fall Line?Piedmont & Coastal Plain

What is the largest swamp

in North America?

Okefenokee Swamp

HISTORY

What was the oldest

prehistoric Indian

civilization found in Georgia?Paleo

Why did the Archaic people

move frequently? To find food

What people were the FIRST

to make and use pottery?

Archaic

During which prehistoric period did the bow and arrow come into

use?

Woodland

Who were the FIRST people to

use burial mounds?

Woodland

What factor resulted in prehistoric

Indians making permanent

settlements? Began to

cultivate plants

Name the prehistoric

traditions of Georgia in order

of their existence? Paleo, Archaic,

Woodland, Mississippian

Who was the first European

explorer to enter Georgia? Hernando de

Soto

What were the main reasons the Spanish

explored North America?

Gold, Glory & God

Name the European

countries that were the major

colonizers of the New World.

Spain, England, France

What was the first permanent

English settlement in the

New World? Jamestown

What was the first Spanish

settlement in the New World?

St. Augustine

What was the British trade

policy during the period of

colonization? mercantilism

What factor was necessary to maintain a

favorable balance of trade in the

1600s and 1700s? More exports

than imports

What was the name of the first

British fort constructed in

Georgia?Fort King

George

Who granted Georgia’s charter in

1732? King George II

Where was Georgia’s first settlement?

Savannah

Who was the founder of

Georgia and when was it founded? James

Oglethorpe, 1733

According to the charter, what

groups of people could not be

Georgia colonists? Catholics, liquor

dealers, lawyers, blacks

What Indians were led by Tomochichi?

Yamacraws

What ship transported the first colonists to

Georgia? The Ann

Where did James Oglethorpe and the

first Georgia colonists land

when they arrived in Georgia?

Yamacraw Bluff

The original plan for Savannah called for the building of 4

what? squares

Who served as an

interpreter for Oglethorpe?

Mary Musgrove

Tomochichi allowed Oglethorpe to settle on a bluff overlooking what

river?Savannah River

The Germans under the

leadership of John Martin Bolzius

were referred to as the what?

The Salzburgers

What was the name of their settlement?

Ebenezer

On which barrier island did the Salzburgers

settle? St. Simons Island

What group settled at Darien?

Highland Scots

What battle was the beginning of the safe southern

frontier for the British?

Battle of Bloody Marsh

Name 3 areas of colonist

discontent? slavery

sale of rum land ownership

What policy did the king make to ensure that the trustees did not take advantage

of the colony?

They could not hold office.

What term was used to describe those who complained

about the policies of the trustees?

malcontents

In 1752, Georgia became

a ____colony?

royal

Who were the three royal

governors of Georgia?

John Reynolds Henry Ellis

James Wright

Which 2 countries were involved in the

French and Indian war?

Great BritainFrance

What law forbade colonists to move

west of the Appalachian Mountains?

Proclamation of 1763

The Proclamation of 1763 moved Ga.’s southern boundary to

what? St. Mary’s River

How did the French and Indian War lead to

America’s Revolutionary War?

To get money to repay war debts, Great Britain taxed the colonists on the premise that the war had been necessary to protect the colonies from France

What event began with

snowball fight and ended with 5

deaths? Boston Massacre

What declared the

independence of the American

colonies? Declaration of Independence

How many original

colonies were there?

13

Who was the primary author of the Declaration

of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Where did the first colonial victory in Georgia during the

American Revolution?

Battle of Kettle Creek

What British policy greatly

affected Ga. by adding a tax on newspapers and

licenses? Stamp Act

What was the British policy

punishing Boston for the

Tea Party? Intolerable Acts

Name the 3 Georgians that

signed the Declaration of

Independence. George Walton

Lyman Hall Button Gwinnett

Who headed the militia that

defeated the British at the

Battle of Kettle Creek?

Elijah Clarke

Who was the commander of the Continental Army

during the American

Revolution? George

Washington

Who is the Revolutionary war heroine who has a county named for

her?

Nancy Hart

What was the most significant

result of the siege of

Savannah? Savannah remained

in British hands.

Who was the black soldier who was

seriously wounded at the Battle of Kettle Creek?

Austin Dabney

What was the opposite name of Loyalists?

Patriots

Why did the writers of Georgia’s first

constitution (1777) want to limit the

power of the governor?

In the past, the governor showed too much loyalty

to the king.

Who was elected Georgia’s first

governor under the Constitution of

1777? John Adam Treutlen

What was the first written plan for the government of the

United States called?

Articles of Confederation

What was the purpose of the Constitutional

Convention held in 1787?

To Revise the Articles of

Confederation

Who were the 2 signers of the

US Constitution from Georgia?

Abraham Baldwin William Few

What was the purpose of the

headright system in Georgia? To distribute Indian

lands to new settlers

What scandal took place when Georgia’s

governor and some legislators were bribed

to sell public land to private developers at below-market price?

Yazoo Land Fraud

What system replaced the

headright system as a way of

allocating land?

Land Lottery

Who was the Creek leader in the Oconee War

between the Creek and the Georgia

pioneers? Alexander McGillivray

Why was William McIntosh, a Creek chief, murdered by his own people?

He signed a treaty giving up the last Creek lands in Georgia to the

federal government.

What were the 2 main Indian

tribes in Georgia? Creeks

Cherokees

The removal of the Cherokee

from their land is referred to as

what? Trail of Tears

The Indians were taken to the Indian Territory, which is

mainly what present-day state?

Oklahoma

What was George Gist’s

major contribution to the Cherokee

culture? Sequoyah made a syllabary – Cherokee

alphabet

What discovery led to the final Indian removal from Georgia?

Gold

Who was the Chief Justice of the US

Supreme Court who ruled that Cherokee

territory was not subject to state law? John Marshall

Who was the Cherokee chief who took a petition of

Congress protesting the Cherokee

removal from their land?

John Ross

What is a land grant

university? Land for the university was donated by the

federal government.

What is Georgia’s first

land grant university?

UGA

By 1860, what were the 2 largest

church denominations in

Georgia? Methodists

Baptists

Why did the capital of

Georgia move so often?

To follow the major part of the population

What invention had the greatest effect

on Georgia’s economy in the early 1800’s?

cotton gin

What railroad became the

primary railroad in Georgia in the

1830’s? Western and

Atlantic

Who invented the cotton

gin? Eli Whitney

Who wrote Uncle Tom’s

Cabin? Harriet Beecher

Stowe

Would the northern states or the southern states believe that

the interests of the national government should take

precedence over the states? What is it called if you think

that the state takes precedence over the national government?

northern states states’ rights

According to the provisions of the

Missouri Compromise, what state was admitted

as a free state? Maine

What is the belief the one region is better or more important that

another region of the country?

sectionalism

What state entered the

Union as a free state because of the Compromise

of 1850?California

Who led a raid on a federal arsenal at

Harpers Ferry, Virginia?

John Brown

What Georgia leader became

the vice president of the

Confederate States of America? Alexander Stephens

Who was the governor of

Georgia during the Civil War?

Joseph Brown

What Supreme Court decision

pushed the nation closer to

war? The Dred Scott

Decision

What was the statement from

Georgia that supported the Compromise of

1850? The Georgia

Platform

What was the purpose of the Fugitive Slave

Law? To require the return of

runaway slaves to their owners

What was the name of the

Union plan to isolate the

western Confederate

states? Anaconda Plan

What contributed to

the lack of success of the

Union blockade? blockade

runners

What were the 2 major campaigns fought in Georgia during the Civil

War? Atlanta Campaign Savannah Campaign

Which Union general led the “March to the

Sea”? General William

T. Sherman

Where was the notorious

Confederate prison in Georgia?

Andersonville

Why was Chickamauga

important to both the North and the

South? It was the railroad

center.

How was the Emancipation

Proclamation a concession to the

South? The South could keep their slaves if

they stopped fighting.

What was the bloodiest one day battle of the Civil War?

Antietam

What battle was considered the

turning point of the war against the

Confederacy? Where was this fought? Gettysburg Pennsylvania

What was President

Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction

called? 10% Plan

In President Johnson’s

Reconstruction plan what amendment to the Constitution had to be approved by

the southern states? 13th Amendment

Ultimately what was the goal of the

Radical Republicans against the

southern states? To punish the southern rebelling

states

What did the 13th

Amendment do?

Abolish slavery

What did the 14th

Amendment do?

Made blacks citizens

What did the 15th

Amendment do?

Gave blacks the right to vote

Help for the former slaves

and poor whites came from what organization? Freedmen’s

Bureau

What best describes the differences

between sharecropping and tenant farming?

Sharecroppers owned nothing but their labor, while tenant farmers owned animals and equipment to use working other people’s land.

Limitations on the type of jobs newly freed

slaves could have and restrictions on their rights to vote and

participate in the legal system were called

what? Black Codes

What organization wanted to return

control of the southern

governments to the Democrats by intimidation?

Ku Klux Klan

Why was Henry McNeal Turner and

other black legislators expelled

from the Georgia General Assembly? He did not have the right to hold political office

according to the constitution.

How long did Reconstructio

n last in Georgia? 5 Years

What young man was

lynched in Marietta due to anti-Semitism? Leo Frank

Who benefited from the

county unit system?

The rural areas of the state

The racial unrest brought about by the

Leo Frank case resulted in the

creation of a chapter of the KKK who

called themselves what? The Knights of

Mary Phagan

Stories of black violence against

whites in the Atlanta

newspapers resulted in what?

The Atlanta Race Riot of 1906

What was Tom Watson’s greatest

accomplishment? The Rural Free

Delivery Bill

The phrase that was used to reflect the

change of the South in areas of business, industrialization, agriculture, race

relations, and society was what? The New South

The 3 Georgia leaders who shared a strong

belief in white supremacy and states’

rights following Reconstruction were referred to as what?

The Bourbon Triumvirate

What was held in Atlanta to

showcase the industries of the

New South?The International Cotton Exposition

Who were the members of the

Bourbon Triumvirate?

Joseph BrownAlfred Colquitt,

John Gordon

Who coined the term “New

South”?

Henry Grady

What group of the population was

supported by Tom Watson, a Georgia

populist?

farmers

What was the major crop produced in

Georgia when Reconstruction

ended?cotton

Who wrote for the Atlanta Journal and

focused on the need for reform

in the prison system? Rebecca Latimer

Felton

What U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that

segregated facilities much be

equal? Plessy v. Ferguson,

1896

African Americans were separated in schools, restrooms and waiting rooms because of what

laws? Jim Crow Laws

What court case gave the states

the right to promote

segregation?

Plessy v. Ferguson

What Constitutional

amendment was violated by Jim

Crow legislation?

14th Amendment

In the early 1900s what methods

restricted the voting rights of African

Americans in Georgia? Poll taxes

grandfather clause Gerrymandering

literacy tests

What 2 things hurt Georgia

farmers in the early 1900s?

DroughtBoll weevil

What insect feeds on the white, fluffy

cotton? Boll weevil

What 3 things caused the Great

Depression? stock speculation

borrowing more money than could be repaid

overproduction

What United States president was

blamed for the Great Depression?

Herbert Hoover

What was the nickname for the

day the stock market crashed?

Black Thursday

What is the belief that government

should not interfere in the

economy called? Laissez-faire

Why did Georgia NOT immediately feel the impact of the stock market

crash? Georgia was already

in a depression.

What Georgia governor did not support public

welfare, voting rights for blacks, or federal assistance programs?

Eugene Talmadge

How many times was Eugene

Talmadge elected governor?

3

From what group did he receive his greatest support?

rural voters

Who was the president

credited with bringing the US out of the Great

Depression? Franklin D.

Roosevelt

What were the programs that paved the way for economic

recovery in the United States?

The New Deal Programs

What is the AAA?

Agricultural Adjustment

Act

What group of Georgians

benefited most from the AAA?

property owners

The system of retirement and

unemployment begun as a part of the

depression recovery is called what?

Social Security

What New Deal program provided

loans to farmers’ co-ops so they could run power lines in rural

areas? Rural Electrification

Agency (REA)

What countries were allies in

WWI? Great Britain, France, United

States and Russia

What Georgia military installation

trained infantry during WWI and is home to US Army infantry today?

Fort Benning in Columbus

What 3 ways did Georgia

support WWI? Growing food, making uniforms and material for them, transporting arms

and soldiers

What was the most

immediate cause of WWI? the assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austrian

Hungarian empire by a Serbian terrorist

Who were the Central Powers?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

The German invasion of what country was the

immediate cause of WWII?

Poland

Why did the US enter WWII?

The Japanese bombing of

Pearl Harbor

Name 3 major members of the Axis Powers of

WWII. Germany, Japan,

Italy

Name 3 major members of the Allied Powers of

WWII. Great Britain, the United States, the

Soviet Union

Before the US entered WWII, it provided lend-

lease aid to what 2 countries?

England & the Soviet Union

As its allies ran out of money with which

to purchase war equipment, what

system did the US. start?

the lend-lease aid

The extermination of 6 million Jews

and other “undesirables” during WWII is referred to as

what? the Holocaust

Who was the world leader

who instigated this

extermination? Adolf Hitler

Who was the first black

president of Atlanta Baptist

College? John Hope

Today Atlanta Baptist College is

known as Morehouse. Where is it located? Atlanta

Who supported economic

equality and vocational

education for African

Americans? Booker T. Washington

Who supported political

equality for African

Americans? W.E.B. DuBois

What business made Alonzo Herndon a successful

businessman? Atlanta Mutual

Insurance Company

What Georgian is known as the “father of the

2-ocean Navy”? Carl Vinson

What governor of Georgia established

the Board of Regents of the University

System and began school lunch programs?

Richard Russell

What did the Bell Aircraft Company

in Marietta produce during

WWII? The B-29

aircraft

Where in Georgia were Liberty ships built during

WWII? Brunswick and

Savannah

What New Deal program resulted

from President Roosevelt’s view of rural Georgia while

sitting on his porch in the evening? Rural Electrification Agency (REA)

Where did Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) die while sitting for a portrait?

Warm Springs, Ga.

Why did FDR spend so

much time in Georgia?

FDR used the warm mineral waters of Warm

Springs to ease his polio.

What has resulted in new crops and has changed the way farming is done in Georgia

since WWII? technology

What is the key reason for the migration of people into

Georgia since the 1960’s?

diversified economy

What percentage of Georgia’s

population today lives in the Metro

Atlanta area? Over 50%

What term is used to describe the residential

area immediately around cities?

suburban

Unplanned growth

surrounding cities is

referred to as what? urban sprawl

What problem was created by

commuting from the suburbs?

air pollution

What is the fastest growing

population group in Georgia? Hispanics

Racial moderation that included the

integration of lunch counters in Atlanta

was achieved during what mayor’s

administration? William Hartsfield

Who was the mayor of Atlanta credited with

the removal of segregation signs in city hall and the integration of the city government

and the fire department?

Ivan Allen

Aviation is the issue for which

Mayor ____________ is best

remembered?Hartsfield

Who was the mayor of Atlanta responsible for

bringing professional

athletic teams to the city? Ivan Allen

Who was the Georgia native who

was the first African American

major league baseball player?

Jackie Robinson

Who was the first governor of

Georgia to serve a term of

4 years? Ellis Arnall

Who were the candidates in the

1966 Georgia Democratic primary for governor? Ellis Arnall

Lester Maddox

Abolishing the poll tax and adopting a

new state constitution is

credited to what governor?

Ellis Arnall

What was the US Supreme Court case

that ruled the separate-but-equal

policy as unconstitutional? Brown v. Board of Education Topeka,

Kansas 1954

What law withheld federal

funds from schools that did

not end segregation? Civil Rights Act of

1964

How did Dr. King favor

bringing about social change?

Nonviolent protests

What state commission studied the

problem of school integration?

Sibley Commission

What action of Dr. King directly

influenced the passage of the

Voting Rights Act of 1965?

March on Washington, 1963

What civil rights movement

abandoned the principles of Dr.

King?

Black Panthers

Who was the first African American

to serve as a member of the

Atlanta board of education?

Benjamin Mays

During the 3 governors episode who was locked out of his office and set up an office at the

Capitol’s information counter?

Ellis Arnall

Herman Talmadge made

his greatest contribution as

governor in what area?

education

During Herman Talmadge’s

administration what was begun in order to

fund a lengthened school year and school

improvements?

3% sales tax

In what year did the Georgia state flag become an

issue in the race for governor?

2000

What organization was founded 2 months after

the 1960 sit-in at the Woolworth’s lunch

counter in Greensboro, N.C.?

Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee

(SNCC)

To promote civil rights for all

citizens is the purpose of what organization?

NAACP

The integration of interstate bus station waiting rooms in Albany was the focus of

what movement? The Albany

Movement 1961

Who was the first black mayor of Atlanta?

Maynard Jackson

Who were the first African American

students be admitted to

UGA? Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton

Holmes

What governor appointed more

African Americans to state boards than all prior

governors combined?

Lester Maddox

Dr. King’s “I Have a Dream”

speech is associated with

what event? March on Washington

Who was the first African American

since Reconstruction to be elected to the

House of Representatives from

Georgia? Andrew Young

Who was appointed as

UN ambassador from the US?

Andrew Young

GEOGRAPHY

What method of transportation

moves the largest amount of

freight in Georgia? trucks

Where is the largest single

container facility on the East Coast

located? Savannah

The loss of American

manufacturing jobs causes a

______in transportation

jobs. decline

HISTORY

From what area did most of the members

of Ga.’s House of Representatives

come after the end of the county unit

system? urban areas

What president helped bring

about the Camp David Peace

Accords? Jimmy Carter

What new cabinet position

was created under President

Carter? Department of

Education

Where was President

Carter born?

Plains

What political positions were held by Jimmy

Carter during his career? Member of Plains school

board, Ga. state senate, Ga. state governor,

President

The _______hostage crisis began

during the Carter administration.

Iranian

Who was the first Republican governor in

Georgia in 130 years?

Sonny Perdue

For most of the last 100 years, Georgia was dominated by how many political

parties?

One political party--Democratic

The Stone Mountain tennis facility and the

Georgia Horse Park were built

especially for what event? 1996 Summer Olympics

What word is an antonym for

entrepreneur?

employee

What entrepreneur is associated

with Coca-Cola?

John S. Pemberton

Perhaps the greatest risk taken by the

makers of Coca-Cola in an effort to increase their

profit was to change the

soft drink’s ___. advertising

Who was responsible for

making Coca-Cola a nationally

recognizable brand?

Asa Candler

Name 3 international

businesses that had their

beginnings in Ga. Coca-ColaHome Depot

Delta Air Lines

Who is the author of Gone With The

Wind?

Margaret Mitchell

Who was the Georgian who

was the founder of the American

Girl Scouts? Juliette Gordon

Low

GOVERNMENT

How many articles are in Georgia’s state constitution?

11

Which branch of Georgia’s

government is the largest? executive

To whom does the Georgia

constitution give the right to control the

government? voters

According to the system of checks and

balances, the _____branch does not have the power to

appoint state judges.

judicial

Name the 3 branches of

government.

legislative, executive,

judicial

What term refers to the designation of certain powers to

each of the 3 branches of

government? separation of

powers

According to the system of checks and

balances, the executive branch

checks the legislative branch through the use of the ______.

veto

What keeps one branch of

government from becoming too

powerful? separation of

powers

What are the requirements to

serve in the Georgia Senate?

25 years old a citizen of Ga. for at least 2

years a resident of the district

from which he is elected for at least one year

Does the Georgia General

Assembly consider laws dealing with

treaties? No—that is a federal

issue

How long is the regular session of the Georgia

General Assembly? 40 days

What are the requirements to

serve in the Georgia House of Representatives? 21 years old

a citizen of GA for at least one year

a resident of the district from which elected for one year

What type of legislation must

begin in the House of

Representatives? appropriation

bills

How long is the term of a

member of the Georgia General

Assembly? 2 years

To confirm all the executive

appointments is the unique power

of the ______. senate

The ____________has law-making power over all areas not

specifically assigned to the United States

Constitution. Georgia General

Assembly

How many legislators serve in Georgia House

of Representatives?

180

How many people serve

in the Georgia State Senate?

56

A _______committee is a permanent

legislative committee. standing

To review bills before they come to the

floor for discussion is the main purpose of

a legislative ________________.

committee

Who presides over the

Georgia state senate?

Lieutenant Governor

Who presides over the Georgia House of

Representatives? Speaker of the

House

When the house and the senate version of a bill

differ after being passed by their

respective bodies, the bill is referred to a ________committee.

conference

What happens to a bill passed by the legislature if the governor does not

veto it, but does not sign it?

becomes a law

What vote is required in the

house of representatives in order for a bill to

pass? A majority

If the governor vetoes a bill, the legislature can

override the veto by a _____________of

both houses. 2/3 vote of both

houses

What is the maximum number of

consecutive years that a Georgia

governor may serve as the state’s chief executive officer?

8

Who becomes Georgia’s governor in

the event both the governor and the

lieutenant governor are unable to serve?

Speaker of the House

What types of powers are given

to Georgia’s governor by the

state constitution? legislative,

executive, judicial

What qualifications are

required to be elected

governor? 30 years old a citizen of the US for 15 years

a resident of Georgia for 6 years

How many consecutive years can a lieutenant

governor serve in that capacity according to

Georgia’s constitution? undefined number

of years

The chief legal officer of the state is the

______.

Attorney General

What office maintains the state’s official records and supervises elections?

Secretary of State

The lieutenant governor most

effectively affects the passage of failure of

legislation in the state senate by

_______. assigning Senate bills to committee

The power to pardon criminals is a ______power of the governor.

judicial

What courts are found in each

county in Georgia? municipal courts

magistrate courts probate courts juvenile courts

Whether or not a person accused of a crime should be charged and stand trial for that crime is decide by whom?

Grand Jury

How long is the term of a

member of the Georgia State

Supreme Court? 6 years

How many justices serve on the Georgia State Supreme

Court? 7

What types of cases are

automatically reviewed by the state supreme

court? death penalty cases

Name the 2 types of

court cases. criminal and

civil

What are the most serious

criminal crimes called?

felonies

Who has the burden of proof in a

criminal case? state

Who has the burden of proof in a civil case?

plaintiff

What are the less serious

criminal crimes called? misdemeanors

A juvenile in Georgia is one who is under

the age of _____. 17

How are juvenile judges

selected? Appointed by superior court judges

Juveniles in Georgia are not guaranteed the

right to _______when being

detained. bail

Working at a kitchen in a homeless shelter

is an example of ________ _________ that could by assigned by

a juvenile judge. community

service

Who determines if a juvenile who is

taken into custody should be detained or released to his or her parents? Intake officer

What is an act that would be considered a

crime if committed by an

adult? delinquent act

What refers to an act that would

not be considered a

crime if committed by an

adult? status offense

A juvenile is not arrested , but is

rather _____ ______ _____. Taken into

custody

How many counties does Georgia have

today? 159

What is a example of a

consolidated city-county

government? Athens-Clarke

Augusta-Richmond

Which term describes a city with its

own government?

municipality

What is the name of

Ga.’s oldest city?

Savannah

Name 3 forms of city government?

mayor-council council-manager

commission

What is the most common

type of city government in

Georgia? mayor-council

A county board of education or a port

authority are examples of a

_________________district form of government.

Special district government

What are the dominant

political parties in Georgia

today? Republican and Democratic

What were the 2 earliest political parties?

Federalists and Anti-Federalists

What is the process by which a

person from another country can become an

American citizen? naturalization

What financial responsibility does a citizen

have toward the government?

to pay taxes

How old must a person be to

vote in Georgia today?

18

Who is the chief election

officer in Georgia?

Secretary of State

ECONOMICS

What is the name given to

Georgia’s budgetary

spending year? fiscal

From where does the largest

source of Georgia’s

income come? state income

tax

For what is the largest

expenditure of state funds?

education

What is the largest source of

revenue for county

governments? property taxes

When is the best time to

borrow money?

when interest is low

What type of bank accounts provides the

most flexibility?

checking