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Flagellum first discovered by Englemann(1887)
Jansen (1887):- report structure of flagellum of sperm.
Hodge (1950):- detailed ultra structure of flagellum of spermatozoa
Manton :-gave ultra-structure of cilia
Cilia and flagella are microscopic, hair or thread like motile structures present extra-cellularly but originate intra-cellularly from the basal body and help in movements, locomotion, feeding, circulation etc.
Central tubules are formed of dynein protein. Peripheral microtubules formed of tubulin
protein Interdoublet linkers formed of nexin protein. Quantitatively it is formed of:-1. Proteins =74-84%2. Lipids=13-23%3. Carbohydrates=1-6%4. Nucleotides=0.2-0.4%
Arise from basal bodies. Similar in ultra structure. Similar chemical composition. Similar in basic function.
Cilia More in number (14,000/
cell).
Small size(5-10 micro meter).
Distributed on whole body
Beat in either metachronous or synchronous coordination.
Sweeping or rowing motion. Locomotion, feeding,
circulation etc are its function.
Flagella Less in number(1-8), but
many in Trichonympha. Large size(150 micro
meter). Located at anterior end of
body. Beat independently.
Undulatory motion. Only locomotion.
Locomotion Cilia of Paramecium and flagella of collar
cells of sponges maintain nutritive-cum-respiratory water current.
Cilia of wind pipe expel out any dust or food particle.
Cilia of kidney-nephrons move nephric filtrate.
Help in conjugation in Paramecium Flagella circulates the food in coelenterons. Cilia of larval forms help in their dispersal.
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