functions to protect and support cells made of a rigid material called cellulose in plants animal...

functions to protect and support cells made of a rigid material called cellulose in

plants animal cells don’t have cell walls

protects the cell controls the movement of materials into and out

of the cell (selectively permeable) found in all cells

The cell membrane is made of phospholipids that are constantly moving.

Small molecules (e.g. CO2, O2, H2O) can diffuse through the phospholipids.

Proteins are embedded in the membrane that act as channels to move larger molecules in and out.

The cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane, but outside the nucleus.

The cytosol is a jelly-like substance made mostly of water that fills the cell.

Organelles are located in the cytoplasm.

Nucleus:Is the control centre of the cellcontains chromosomes (made of DNA)

Nucleolus:a dense area within the nucleus where

ribosomes are produced

tiny, sausage-shaped organelle that provides cells with energy (ATP)

mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration

ATP is used by other organelles for energy for cell processes

sugar + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)

ribosomes are microscopic spheres attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the cytoplasm

ribosomes make proteins

a twisting network of canals functions to transport materials throughout the

cell may have ribosomes attached to it (rough ER); smooth ER has no ribosomes attached

flattened sacs that produce vesicles (transport sacs)

they function to modify and export proteins

saclike structure formed by the Golgi complex contains enzymes that can break down large

molecules or worn out cell parts

fluid-filled space containing water, sugar and starch

helps with water regulation in plants

vacuoles can also store food or help some organisms move

small protein structures critical to cell division

called asters when found in plant cells

found only in green plants and some protists convert sunlight into food for the cell via

photosynthesis

CO2 + H2O + sunlight sugar + O2

fine protein fibres used for locomotion

Cilia: short, may be numerous on cell surface

Flagella: long, usually few in number on cell surface

protein fibres that help anchor organelles in place and give structure to the cell

Found in both plant and animal cells

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Structures in the animal cell

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18Structures in the plant cell

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Structures in the animal cell

1. nuclear pore

2. chromatin

3. nucleus4. nucleolus5a. rough

endoplasmic reticulum

5b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 6. vesicle

7. cytoplasm

8. vacuole

9. Golgi body

10. cell membrane11. vesicle12. cytoskeleton

13. lysosome

14. mitochondria

15. ribosome

16. centriole

17. microtubule

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18Structures in the plant cell

nuclear pore chromati

n nucleolus

vacuole

chloroplast

mitochondria

microtubule

cell wall

Golgi body

cell membrane

vesicles

endoplasmic reticulum

nuclear membrane

cell wall

microtubule

ribosomes

cytoplasm

lysosome

electron micrograph of a typical animal cell

What structures are found only in animal cells?

cilia, flagella; centrioles

electron micrograph of a typical plant cell

What structures are found only in plant cells?

cell wall, large vacuole, chloroplast