Get clickers as you enter Bell Ringer Pretest Video What is genetics? Cuttle fish

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Bell Ringer Pretest Video

What is genetics?

Cuttle fish

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New seats Bell Ringer Quiz Video (brain games)

Scorpion Fish

1. What did people think before Mendel?

2. What is an allele? And how is it related to a genotype?

3. What is the term for 2 alleles that are identical and expressed

Bell Ringer Genetics Notes Assignment

Crown of thorns starfish

1. What do gametes have to do with genetics?

The passing of characters from parents to offspring

How is heredity manipulated today?› Plants› Animals› Artificial selection› Genetic modification

If paleontology is the study fossils, what is the study of heredity?

The study of biological inheritance patterns and variations in organisms› The study of heredity

› Distinguishing characteristics that are inherited, such as eye color, leaf shape, and tail length

First person to develop rules and predict patterns of inheritance

Bred different varieties of garden peas

True breeding generation› Only one form of a character

P-generation› Offspring of true breeding generation

F1-generation› Offspring of P generation

F2› Offspring of F1 generation

True-Breeding

P-generationTrue-Breeding

True-Breeding P F1

705 purple, 224 white

For each of the 7 characters, he found the same 3:1 ratio of plants expressing the contrasting traits in the F2 generation

GeneDNA Allele

Rr

Dominant Recessive

Blue EyeRed Eye

Allele

Alleles › different versions of genes

Dominant› The expressed trait

Recessive› The trait not expressed

Allele

Rr

Dominant Recessive

Blue EyeRed Eye

Allele

Complete all work page 96-100 (6.3+6.4)

Bell Ringer Notes Video

Clown Triggerfish

Create punnett squares:

1. A homozygous dominant for purple hair P crosses with a heterozygous for hair. What chance is there of having purple hair? Pink?

2. Is it possible for the offspring to have a dominant trait if both parents are homozygous recessive? Why or why not?

Why is it important that Mendel began with purebred plants?

Mimic Octopus

Bell Ringer Genetic Notes Video

Bio-engineering

What did people think before Mendel's theory?

› Offspring were just a blend of traits from parents.

› Tall crossed w/short = medium

Law of segregation› States that the 2 alleles for one specific

character separate when gametes are formed through meiosis

Example: Pp P p

Law of Independent assortment› States that the alleles of different genes or

characters separate independently from one another when gametes are formed through meiosis

Ex: PpLl PPlla genotype for being tall and brown eyes will not necessarily stay together

Homozygous› If two alleles of a particular gene present

in an individual are the same

Ex. A plant with 2 white flower alleles WW or ww

Homozygous Dominant› XX, AA, DD

Homozygous Recessive› xx, aa, dd

Heterozygous› If the 2 alleles are different

Ex. A plant with 1 white flower allele and 1 purple Xx Tt Uu etc.

Bell Ringer Punnet square notes

› 4 slides Punnet square

assignment› DUE TODAY

Ocean Sunfish

Create punnett squares:

1. Pure bred for a certain trait is the same as __________

2. Hybrid for a certain trait is the same as ______________

3. Take out pink worksheets from Tuesday to go over

Genotype› The set of alleles that an individual has for

a character Phenotype

› The physical appearance of a character (which alleles are present)

Monohybrid Cross› Crosses that examine the inheritance of

only one specific trait (example: flower color RrxRR)

Dihybrid Cross› Crosses that examine the inheritance of

two different traits (example: flower color and height

RrHHxRRhh)

A diagram that predicts the outcome of a genetic cross by considering all combinations

FATHER

Mother

How would you set up a punnet square with the following information:› A hybrid yellow pea plant crosses with a homozygous recessive green pea plant?Genotype 1: YyGenotype 2: yy

Yy Yy

yy yy

X – represents brown hair

x –represents red hair

X – represents brown hair

x –represents red hair

X – represents brown hair

x –represents red hair

X – represents brown hair

x –represents red hair

Phenotypic ratio› Brown: ¾› Red: ¼

Genotypic ratioHomozygous recessive: ¼Homozygous dominant: ¼Heterozygous: 2/4 or 1/2

True-Breeding

Y YPurple

Y

Y

YY

YYYY

YY

Purple

100% Purple

y yWhite

y

y

YY

YYYY

YY

White

100% White

P-generationTrue-Breeding

Y YPurple

y

y

Yy

YyYy

Yy

White

100% Purple

True-Breeding P F1

Y yPurple

Y

y

Yy

YyYY

yy

White

75% Purple25% White

705 purple, 224 white

Hybrid = heterozygous – ex. Aa Xx Cc Pure = homozygous – ex. AA cc Homozygous recessive ex. aa vv cc Homozygous dominant ex. AA KK LL Genotype = any 2 alleles ex. Aa CC dD Phenotype = Physical appearance

› Aa = A (dominant) phenotype› AA = A (dominant) phenotype› aa = a (recessive) phenotype

1. Complete the following Punnett Squares: For each of the following include what percentage is

Homozygous dominant, Homozygous recessive and heterozygous

a. MM x mmb. Gg x Ggc. QQ x Qq d. A homozygous dominant for purple hair P crosses

with a homozygous recessive for pink hair p. What chance is there of having purple hair? Pink?

e. A homozygous dominant for purple hair P crosses with a heterozygous for hair. What chance is there of having purple hair? Pink?

1. Complete the following Punnett Squares: For each of the following What percentage is

Homozygous dominant, Homozygous recessive, Heterozygous

a. MM x mmb. Gg x Ggc. QQ x Qq d. A homozygous dominant for purple hair P crosses

with a homozygous recessive for pink hair p. What chance is there of having purple hair? Pink?

1. Complete the following Punnett Squares: For each of the following What percentage is

Homozygous dominant, Homozygous recessive, Heterozygous

a. MM x mmb. Gg x Ggc. QQ x Qq d. A homozygous dominant for purple hair P crosses

with a homozygous recessive for pink hair p. What chance is there of having purple hair? Pink?

2. Who is considered the founder of heredity/genetics?

3. DNA is made up of _________ which carry _______, each one has specific traits, the individual traits are known as _______

4. What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype

Bell Ringer Notes Assignment

Moorish Idol

1. What does the prefix poly mean? What about the prefix co?

2. A homozygous dominant for red hair crosses with a homozygous recessive for black hair. What chance is there red hair?

Note: any late work will no longer be accepted without the corresponding

assignment in the book

Polygenic Inheritance› When several genes

influence a character› Eye color, hair color, skin

color

Incomplete dominance› When an individual

displays a phenotype that is intermediate between 2 parents

› Red flower X White flower = Pink

Multiple Alleles› Genes with 3 or more alleles› ex. Blood types (ABO)

Codominance› 2 dominant alleles being expressed› Ex. A red flower with purple spots

Pedigree

A family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations.› Autosomal – Affects autosomes › Sex-Linked – Affects sex chromosomes

When is knowing a pedigree important?› Genetic disorders

Possible carrier? Could have chance that offspring will have a disorder.

Page 195 # 7-11 Page 197 #1-6 Page 185 – Quick Lab (answer 1-4) Page 187 #1,2,5,6

Page 112-114 (7.2) Page 117-120 (7.4)

Use page 186 if you need help with the dihybrid cross

Homework› Read 7.2 and 7.4

Bell Ringer Review Classwork

1. Why is a pedigree important?

2. What is the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance? Give an example of each

3. A homozygous dominant for red hair crosses with a heterozygous for black What chance is there black hair?

miniatus grouper

Bell Ringer Foldable/Flash Cards Course

recommendations

1.If you cross plant A (red) with plant b (white) and there is a 50/50 ratio of red to white, what is the genotype of plant A and B?

2. If the cross above resulted in pink offspring what would this be called?

3. If the cross above resulted in a red flower with white spots what would this be called?

Polleni grouper

Genetics Traits Mendel Generations

› Know order Mendel's

results (F2) Allele Genotype

Dominant Recessive Law of

segregation Law of

independent assortment

Homozygous Heterozygous

Phenotype Punnett

square Incomplete

dominance Codominance Pedigree Multiple

alleles

Bell Ringer Heredity Lab Lab Questions

1. Is it possible for a recessive trait to be more abundant in a population? Why or why not?

.

Stars & stripes pufferfish

ee - Blue E – Not Blue

R – Can roll tongue rr– Cannot roll

ff – Attached F – Free/detached

N - Regular nn – Hitchhiker’s

L – left on right ll– Right on left

bb– Straight B – Curved

hh – not present H – present

P = Taste bitter pp = No taste

1. Get into small groups of 2-52. Everyone must fill out their own chart (yellow

paper)3. You will do PTC last4. When your group is finished write the total

number in your group dominant and recessive for each trait on the board

5. When everyone is complete calculate % of class with trait (dom. + rec.)

6. Complete all questions

To calculate class % # w/dominant trait (or recessive) / Total students x 100%

# w/dominant trait (or recessive) / 23

X100%