02 Problem Set

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2.1 Which of the following does not describe a sigma bond?

a) Overlap of two s orbitals

b) Overlap of one s orbital and the end of a p orbital

c) Side-by-side overlap of p orbitals.

d) Overlap of the end of two p orbitals

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a) Overlap of two s orbitals

b) Overlap of one s orbital and the end of a p orbital

c) Side-by-side overlap of p orbitals

d) Overlap of the end of two p orbitals

Explanation:The side-by-side overlap of p orbitals is a pi bond.

2.1 Which of the following does not describe a sigma bond?

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2.2 How many sigma and pi bonds are in a double bond?

a) Two sigma bonds

b) Two pi bonds

c) One sigma bond and one pi bond

d) Two gamma bonds

e) One sigma bond and one gamma bond

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a) Two sigma bonds

b) Two pi bonds

c) One sigma bond and one pi bond

d) Two gamma bonds

e) One sigma bond and one gamma bond

Explanation:The sigma bond is from the overlap of s orbitals; the pi bond is fromthe overlap of p orbitals.

2.2 How many sigma and pi bonds are in a double bond?

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2.3 Give the bond angle for CH4.

a) 90o

b) 104.5o

c) 107o

d) 109.5o

e) 120o

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a) 90o

b) 104.5o

c) 107o

d) 109.5o

e) 120o

Explanation:CH4 has a tetrahedral shape, is sp3 hybridized, and has a bond angle of 109.5o.

2.3 Give the bond angle for CH4.

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2.4 Give the hybridization for CH3CN.

a) sp

b) sp2

c) sp3

d) sp4

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a) sp

b) sp2

c) sp3

d) sp4

2.4 Give the hybridization for CH3CN.

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2.5 Give the shape for CH3CN.

a) Bent

b) Linear

c) Trigonal planar

d) Trigonal pyramidal

e) Tetrahedral

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a) Bent

b) Linear

c) Trigonal planar

d) Trigonal pyramidal

e) Tetrahedral

2.5 Give the shape for CH3CN.

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2.6 Give the bond angle for CH3CN.

a) 90o

b) 104.5o

c) 107o

d) 109.5o

e) 180o

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a) 90o

b) 104.5o

c) 107o

d) 109.5o

e) 180o

2.6 Give the bond angle for CH3CN.

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2.7 Give the hybridization for the carbon in H2CO.

a) sp

b) sp2

c) sp3

d) sp4

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a) sp

b) sp2

c) sp3

d) sp4

2.7 Give the hybridization for the carbon in H2CO.

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2.8 Give the bond angle for H2CO.

a) 90o

b) 120o

c) 107o

d) 109.5o

e) 180o

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a) 90o

b) 120o

c) 107o

d) 109.5o

e) 180o

2.8 Give the bond angle for H2CO.

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2.9 Give the shape for H2CO.

a) Bent

b) Linear

c) Trigonal planar

d) Trigonal pyramidal

e) Tetrahedral

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a) Bent

b) Linear

c) Trigonal planar

d) Trigonal pyramidal

e) Tetrahedral

2.9 Give the shape for H2CO.

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2.10 Give the hybridization for the nitrogen in NH4

+.

a) sp

b) sp2

c) sp3

d) sp4

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a) sp

b) sp2

c) sp3

d) sp4

2.10 Give the hybridization for the nitrogen in NH4

+.

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2.11 Identify the type of isomer for CH3OCH3 and CH3CH2OH.

a) Stereoisomer

b) Conformational isomer

c) Constitutional isomer

d) Geometric isomer

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a) Stereoisomer

b) Conformational isomer

c) Constitutional isomer

d) Geometric isomer

Explanation:

Constitutional isomers differ in the way the atoms are connected.

2.11 Identify the type of isomer for CH3OCH3 and CH3CH2OH.

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2.12 Identify the compound that has London dispersion forces.

a) CH3OCH3

b) CH3CH2OH

c) CH3CH3

d) CH3Cl

e) (CH3)3N

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a) CH3OCH3

b) CH3CH2OH

c) CH3CH3

d) CH3Cl

e) (CH3)3N

Explanation: London dispersion forces are forces between nonpolar molecules.

2.12 Identify the compound that has London dispersion forces.

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2.13 Identify the compound that has hydrogen bonding.

a) CH3OCH3

b) CH3CH2OH

c) CH3CH3

d) CH3Cl

e) (CH3)3N

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a) CH3OCH3

b) CH3CH2OH

c) CH3CH3

d) CH3Cl

e) (CH3)3N

Explanation: A compound must have an H–F, N–H, or O–H bond to have hydrogen bonding.

2.13 Identify the compound that has hydrogen bonding.

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2.14 Explain why gasoline does not dissolve in water.

a) Both are nonpolar.

b) Both are polar.

c) Gasoline is polar; water is nonpolar.

d) Water is polar; gasoline is nonpolar.

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a) Both are nonpolar.

b) Both are polar.

c) Gasoline is polar; water is nonpolar.

d) Water is polar; gasoline is nonpolar.

Explanation: Gasoline does not dissolve in water because it would have to breakup the hydrogen bonding of water.

2.14 Explain why gasoline does not dissolve in water.

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2.15 Explain why ethanol dissolves in water.

a) Both are nonpolar.

b) Both are polar.

c) Ethanol is polar; water is nonpolar.

d) Water is polar; ethanol is nonpolar.

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a) Both are nonpolar.

b) Both are polar.

c) Ethanol is polar; water is nonpolar.

d) Water is polar; ethanol is nonpolar.

Explanation:Ethanol and water are both polar.

2.15 Explain why ethanol dissolves in water.

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2.16 Identify the general structure of CH3CH2OH.

a) Ether

b) Alcohol

c) Aldehyde

d) Ketone

e) Ester

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a) Ether

b) Alcohol

c) Aldehyde

d) Ketone

e) Ester

Explanation: Alcohols have the general structure of ROH.

2.16 Identify the general structure of CH3CH2OH.

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2.17 Identify the general structure of CH3CH2COOH.

a) Ester

b) Carboxylic acid

c) Ether

d) Aldehyde

e) Ketone

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a) Ester

b) Carboxylic acid

c) Ether

d) Aldehyde

e) Ketone

Explanation: A carboxylic acid has a general structure of RCOOH.

2.17 Identify the general structure of CH3CH2COOH.

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2.18 Identify the general structure of CH3CH2CH2CHO.

a) Ester

b) Carboxylic acid

c) Ether

d) Aldehyde

e) Ketone

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a) Ester

b) Carboxylic acid

c) Ether

d) Aldehyde

e) Ketone

Explanation: An aldehyde has a general structure of RCHO.

2.18 Identify the general structure of CH3CH2CH2CHO.

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2.19 Identify an amine.

a) CH3CH2NHCH3

b) CH3CH2CN

c) CH3CH2CONH2

d) CH3CH2CHO

e) CH3COCH2CH3

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a) CH3CH2NHCH3

b) CH3CH2CN

c) CH3CH2CONH2

d) CH3CH2CHO

e) CH3COCH2CH3

Explanation: An amine has a formula of RNH2, R2NH, or R3N.

2.19 Identify an amine.

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2.20 Identify a nitrile.

a) CH3CH2NHCH3

b) CH3CH2CN

c) CH3CH2CONH2

d) CH3CH2CHO

e) CH3COCH2CH3

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a) CH3CH2NHCH3

b) CH3CH2CN

c) CH3CH2CONH2

d) CH3CH2CHO

e) CH3COCH2CH3

Explanation: A nitrile has a formula of RCN.

2.20 Identify a nitrile.