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Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Therban in Fuel Related Application
Dr. Sharon Guo
Prasanth B.
LANXESS TRP
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
• Introduction
• Therban General Performance
• Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel
• Therban Performance in Fuel and “Fuel + Alcohol”
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Introduction
1. Regulations on car emissions
2. Different Fuel - Regular Fuel & Bio fuel.
3. Stability of Diesel/biodiesel
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
1. Comparison of Passenger Car Emissions 1. Comparison of Passenger Car Emissions Standards in the EU, USA and JapanStandards in the EU, USA and Japan
Nitrogen Oxide Limits
g/km for petrol engines
Nitrogen Oxide Limits
g/km for diesel engines
Particulate Matter Limits
g/km for diesel engines
US
California
Japan
EU
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
1. EU1. EU emissionsemissions standardsstandards forfor carscars
Emissions
Particulate�
matters
(PM)/
Oxides of
nitrogen
(NOx)�
Carbon
monoxide
(CO)
Standard (mg/km) (mg/km) (mg/km)
- Diesel� Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol
Euro 2
(1996) 80-100 - - - - - 700/900 500
Euro 3
(2000) 50 - 500 150 - 200 560 -
Euro 4
(2005) 25 - 250 80 - 100 300 -Fiscal
incentives
guidance
document
(2005) 5 - - - - - - -
Euro 5*
(2010) 5 5 200 60 - 75 - -
-- -
Hydrocarbo
ns?HC)
(mg/km) -
The values shown here are the Commission's proposal from 21 December 2005
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
1. Emission Standards for New Vehicles (Light Duty) - Asia
1. Emission1. Emission Standards Standards forfor New New VehiclesVehicles (Light (Light Duty) Duty) -- AsiaAsia
•a Entire country
•b Delhi and other cities; Euro 2 introduced in Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai in 2001; Euro 2 in Bangalore, Hyderabad,
•Khampur, Pune and Ahmedabad in 2003, Euro 3 to be introduced in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore,
•Hyderabad and Ahmedabad in 2005
•c Beijing and Shanghai
•d Gasoline vehicles under consideration
•e for gasoline vehicles
•f for diesel vehicles
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
2. Different Fuel Types -Regular Fuel
DIN
FAM A 50 % Toluene, 30 % Isooctane, 15 % Diisobutylene, 5 % Ethanol;
FAM B 84.5 % FAM A, 15 % Methanol, 0.5 % De-ionised Water;
BS/ISO, ASTM, JIS
Fuel A 100 % Isooctane; Fuel B 70 % Isooctane, 30 % Toluene
Fuel C 50 % Isooctane, 50 % Toluene; Fuel D 40 % Isooctane, 60 % Toluene.
Clean Fuel (cleaning agent added)
5% to as much as 30 % cleaning agent. Typically Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE)
Diesel Fuel Increasing number of vehicles powered by diesel world wide; Germany as leading
country: 42.5% car with diesel engine in 2005, total diesel consumption is 30 million
tons/y in 2005.
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
2. Different Fuel Types - Bio Fuel
In Europe, RME Rape-seed-oil-methylester (also called FAME: fatty-acid-methyl-ester); Rape seed and sun flower based.In NAFTA, Asia, South America, Soya, Palm based
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel
The diesel is degraded after a certain time under high temperature.
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel
Amount of RME degradation at 125°C
0,00
0,10
0,20
0,30
0,40
0,50
0,60
0,70
0,80
0,90
Day 0 Day 7
Ac
id N
um
be
r [m
g K
OH
/g]
RME fresh mit 0,1% BHT
RME stored/aged
Spec.-limit
The degradated biodiesel will negatively influence polymer’s aging
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
-- Test Condition of Elastomer Performance in Diesel and Test Condition of Elastomer Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel should be SensibleBiodiesel should be Sensible
e.g. Tests for elastomers to withstand e.g. Tests for elastomers to withstand 150 C150 C in diesel fuels for in diesel fuels for up to 500 hours are up to 500 hours are unrealisticunrealistic as the diesel/biodiesel itself as the diesel/biodiesel itself would deterioate at those conditions would deterioate at those conditions
-- If we need this type of tests, fresh diesel shall be used to If we need this type of tests, fresh diesel shall be used to exchange the aged diesel every 3 days (since in real life, the exchange the aged diesel every 3 days (since in real life, the diesel in the engine is always fresh).diesel in the engine is always fresh).
3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Therban General performance
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Typical Structure and Properties of HNBRTypical Structure and Properties of HNBRTypical Structure and Properties of HNBR
Excellent Oil/Fuel Resistance; Good Thermal Oxidation Resistance
Superior Mechanical Strength; Good Low temperature flexibility
Good processability
H H
H
H
H
C
N
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H H
H
H
H
H
HR
0-
5%R= Ethyl Group
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Global HNBR Market by ApplicationsGlobal HNBR Market by ApplicationsGlobal HNBR Market by Applications
45%
25%
13%
17%
Belts Seals & Gaskets Cable & Hoses Others
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Good Thermal Oxidative Aging ResistanceGood Thermal Oxidative Aging ResistanceGood Thermal Oxidative Aging Resistance
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
HN
BR
-39
HN
BR
-34
HN
BR
-43
HN
BR
-36
Ch
an
ge
in
Pro
pe
rty
Chg . Har d . Sho r e A (p ts .)
Chg . Ulti. T e n s . (%)
Chg . Ulti. Elo ng . (%)
Hot air ageing at 150°°°°C/504 h
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Property Change - Immersion in Cecilia 20 (504h/150°°°°C)
Excellent Performance in Engine OilExcellent Performance in Engine Oil
-70
-50
-30
-10
10
30
HN
BR
-39
HN
BR
-34
HN
BR
-43
HN
BR
-36
Ch
an
ge in
Pro
pert
y
C hg . Har d . Sh o r e A (p ts .)
C hg . Ult i. T e n s . (%)
C hg . Ult i. Elon g . (%)
V o l. C h an g e (%)
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Stress Strain Immersion in Esso ATF LT71141 (504 h/150°°°°C)
Very Good for Application in ATFVery Good for Application in ATF
- 1 0 0
-7 0
-4 0
-1 0
2 0
HN
BR
-39
HN
BR
-34
HN
BR
-43
HN
BR
-36
Ch
an
ge in
Pro
pert
y
C h g . H a r d . S h o r e A ( p t s . )
C h g . U lt i . T e n s . ( % )
C h g . U lt i . Elo n g . ( % )
V o l. C h a n g e ( % )
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Therban Performance in Diesel and Bio Diesel
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel
Diesel/FAME: 90/10
3439
43
Diesel
Diesel/FAME
FAME
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
80°°°°C3d
∆∆ ∆∆V
[%
]
ACN [%]
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel
Diesel/FAME: 90/10
Therban is a good choice for application in Diesel and Biodiesel
Increased ACN content further supports performance.
3439
43
Diesel
Diesel/FAME
FAME
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
80°°°°C14d
∆∆ ∆∆V
[%
]
ACN [%]34
3943
Diesel
Diesel/FAME
FAME
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
80°°°°C14d
∆∆ ∆∆V
[%
]
ACN [%]
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel Comparison of Therban AT 5005 with FKM
Comp. 1 Comp. 2 Comp. 3
Therban AT C 5005 VP 100
GBL 600 S 100
GLT 600 S 100
N 990 100 50 50
black compound
MgO 3 3
TAIC (KETTLITZ-TAIC 70) 2,1 3,5 3,5
PERKADOX 14-40 B-PD 9,5 3 3
Physical Properties
Hardness (Shore A) 74 78 78
S 50 (MPa) 2,6 3,3 3,6
S 100 (MPa) 5,5 8,3 9,3
S 300 (MPa) 12,9 -- --
Tens. Stren. (MPa) 12,9 17,6 18,8
El. at Br. (%) 322 245 217
ML1+4/100°C (ME) 70 130 130
t90 (sec.) 442 71 64
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel
-10
-5
0
5
10
Therban AT C 5005 VP GBL 600 S GLT 600 S
Vo
lum
e C
ha
ng
e in
%
B20 RME 125°C/168h
B20 RME 125°C/504h
-10,00
-5,00
0,00
5,00
10,00
Therban AT C 5005 VP GBL 600 S GLT 600 S
Vo
lum
e C
ha
ng
e in
%
B20 SME 125°C/168h
B20 SME 125°C/504h
• Imroved stability in RME
• equal stability in SME
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Therban Performance in Fuel and “Bio Fuel (Fuel + Alcohol)”
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
TherbanTherban Performance in Fuel/Performance in Fuel/BiofuelBiofuel -- Different Fuel Different Fuel Compositions (43% ACN Compositions (43% ACN TherbanTherban Used)Used)
0
20
40
60
80
100;0 95;5 90;10 85;15 80;20 70;30 50;50 0;100
Wt% Change
Fuel C+ethanol Fuel D +ethanol
Fuel C+methanol Fuel D+methanol
Fuel C is more aggressive than Fuel D
15-30% alcohol has more negative effect
Ethanol has less negative effect than methanol
Therban performs well in E85
48 hr @40C
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Test of fully hydrogenated grades
Recipe 1 (5008) 2 (5005) 4 (4307)
Therban A 5008 VP (Lab.) 100
Therban AT A 5005 VP (Lab) 100
Therban A 4307 100
MT THERMAX FLOFORM N-990 100 100 100
DISFLAMOLL DPK 10 10 10
EDENOR C 18 98-100 1 1 1
LUVOMAXX CDPA 3 3 3
RHENOGRAN PCD-50 3 3 3
DYNAMAR RC-5251 Q 8 8 8
MAGLITE DE 2 2 2
ZINKOXYD AKTIV 2 2 2
TAIC (KETTLITZ-TAIC) 1,5 1,5 1,5
PERKADOX 14-40 B-PD 8 9,5 8
TherbanTherban Performance in Fuel/Performance in Fuel/BiofuelBiofuel –– Using 43% Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymersand 50% ACN Polymers
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Basic physical propertiesBasic physical propertiesBasic physical properties
Physical properties within the range of HNBR compounds
Even good Low Temperature behavior in combination with high ACN-content!
TherbanTherban Performance in Fuel/Performance in Fuel/BiofuelBiofuel –– Using 43% Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymersand 50% ACN Polymers
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Comparison of Standard Fuel to Flex-FuelsComparison of Standard Fuel to FlexComparison of Standard Fuel to Flex--FuelsFuels
Less volume swell through maximum polarity!
Fuels 168h, 80°C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Therban A 4307 Therban A 5008 VP
(Lab.)
Therban AT A 5005
VP (Lab)
Vo
lum
e C
han
ge [
%]
Fuel C 168h/80°C
FAM A 168h/80°C
E 85 (Petrol Station)168h/80°C
TherbanTherban Performance in Fuel/Performance in Fuel/BiofuelBiofuel –– Using 43% Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymersand 50% ACN Polymers
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Behavior in Different FlexfuelsBehavior in Different Behavior in Different FlexfuelsFlexfuels
Improved swelling behavior in modern fuels!
Fuels 168h/40°C
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
Therban A 4307 Therban A 5008 VP (Lab.) Therban AT A 5005 VP (Lab)
Vo
lum
e C
han
ge [
%]
Fuel C
E20 (artificial)
E40 (artificial)
E60 (artificial)
E 85 (Petrol Station)
TherbanTherban Performance in Fuel/Performance in Fuel/BiofuelBiofuel –– Using 43% Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymersand 50% ACN Polymers
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Comparison of Ultra High ACN Therban against FKM in modern fuelsComparison of Ultra High ACN Therban against FKM in modern fuels
*Direct comparison to published data:
R. Stevens; ACS 2006, paper # 86A:
FKM 1 ~ 64% F-content; FKM 2 ~ 70% F-content; both peroxide cured
Therban vs. FKM
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
E 85 (168h/40°C)
Vo
lum
e C
ha
ng
e [
%]
FKM 1*
Therban A 4307
Therban A 5008 VP (Lab.)
Therban AT A 5005 VP (Lab)
FKM 2*
TherbanTherban Performance in Fuel/Performance in Fuel/BiofuelBiofuel –– Using 43% Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymersand 50% ACN Polymers
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Summary
1. Therban has very good heat resistance, excellent oil
resistance and superior mechanical strength.
2. Therban grades with 34 to 50 ACN can be used in diesel
and biodiesel application, higher ACN Therban gives less
swell.
3. >43 ACN Therban grades are recommended for application
in fuel, and biofuel.
4. 50 ACN Therban performs very good in E85 fuel.
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
Thank You Thank You
for Your Attentionfor Your Attention
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010TRP Business Group
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